D 639 ________________^^ 

.W7 C35 
Copy 1 

REPORT 

Women's Committee 

of the 

State Council of Defense 
of California 



From June 1, 1917 
to January 1, 1919 




REPORT 

Women's Committee 

of the 

State Council of Defense 
of California 

to 

Governor William D. Stephens 
Chairman of the 

State Council of Defense 
of CaHfornia 



From June 1, 1917 
to January 1, 1919 



Headquarters 

719 SOUTH HILL STREET 

LOS ANGELES 




llb'59 



\ji^(ld5 



INDEX 



Organization — page 

Executive (Committee 4 

Central Committee 4 

County Committees 6 

Representatives of Women's Com. on County Divisions 27 

History of 32 

Financial Report 39 

Reports of Department Chairmen- 
Americanization 40 

Children 's Year 43 

Pklucation 46 

Educational Propaganda 51 

Food Administration 53 

Girl's War Service 57 

Health and Recreation 59 

Home Economics 61 

Information and Library Service 64 

Liberty Loan 68 

l\laintenance of p]xisting Social Agencies 70 

Publicity 75 

Women in Industry 77 

County Work 80 

Reports 81 

State Organizations composing Central Committee, Reports of. . .178 

Resolutions 209 

National Reconstruction Suggestions 220 

Program of Reconstruction 222 

'^. Of D. 



ORGANIZATION OF 

THE COUNCIL OF NATIONAL DEFENSE 



THPJ PRESIDP]NT OF THE UNITED STATES 



COUNCIL OF NATIONAL DEFENSE 

Composed of the Secretaries of War, Navy, Interior, Agrienltnre, 

Commerce and Labor, and an Advisory Commission. 



WOMAN'S COMMITTEE, COUNCIL OF NATIONAL DEFENSE 

Dr. Anna Howard Shaw, Chairman. 
Washington, D. C. 



WOMAN'S COMMITTEE STATE COUNCIL OF DEFENSE 
OF CALIFORNIA 

Organized May 28th, 1917. 

IMrs. Herbert A. Cable, Chairman. 

Advisory Committee, Central Committee, 

5fi County Chairmen. 35 State Organizations. 

782 City, Town and District Committees. 



WOMEN'S COMMITTEE STATE COUNCIL 
OF DEFENSE OF CALIFORNIA 

ORGANIZATION 
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 

Honorary Chairman Mrs. Frank A. Gibson, Los Angeles 

Chairman Mrs. Herbert A. Cable, Los Angeles 

Vice-Chairman Mrs. Robert 0. Moody, Berkeley 

Vice-Chairman Mrs. J. F. Sartori, Los Angeles 

Vice-Chairman Mrs. Edward F. Glaser, San Francisco 

Vice-Chairman Mrs. F. T. Robson, Berkeley 

Vice-Chairman-at-large Mrs. Robt. J. Burdette, Pasadena 

INTember Women's Committee National Council of Defense.... 

Mrs. Josiah Evans Cowles, Los Angeles 

Member of State Council of Defense 

Mrs. Shelley Tolhurst, Los Angeles 

Member of State Council of Defense. . .Miss Ethel Moore, Oakland 

Secretary Mrs. Seward A. Simons, S. Pasadena 

Assistant Secretary. . .Mrs. Frances M. Carlton-Harmon, Los Angeles 
Assistant Secretary Miss Anne M. Mumford, S. Pasadena 

The Executive Committee also includes the following Depart- 
ment Chairmen: 

Americanization Mrs. Frank A. Gibson, Los Angeles 

Pood Administration and Registration 

Mrs. Robt. J. Burdette, Pasadena 

Women in Industry Mrs. Katharine P. Edson, Los Angeles 

Children's Year Dr. Adelaide Brown, San Francisco 

Maintenance of Existing Social Agencies 

Mrs. Carrie P. Bryant, Los Angeles 

Health and Recreation Miss Julia George, San Francisco 

Educational Propaganda. .Mrs. Mila Tupper Maynard, Los Angeles 

Liberty Loan Mrs. E. R. Brainerd, Los Angeles 

Red Cross Mrs. A. L. McLeish, San Francisco 

PnbVc'tv i ''^^^^' ^^'^^'^^ ^- Simons, S. Pasadena 

- } Miss Annie M. Mumford, S. Pasadena 

Information and Library Service 

Mrs. Frances M. Carlton-Harmon, Los Angeles 

Girls' Patriotic Service Miss Harriet Robbins, Los Angeles 

Education Mrs. 0. Shepard Barnum, Alhambra 

Home Economics Miss Charlotte Ebbetts, San Francisco 

CENTRAI, COMATITTEE 

Organizatioi\ Presiden t 

Alliance of Unitarian and other Liberal Christian 

Women Mrs. L. N. Wyckoff, Berkeley 

Association of Collegiate Alumnae Mrs. F. C. Turner, Oakland 

Belgian Relief Committee. . .Mrs. Willoughby Rodman, Los Angeles 



Organization President 

California Civic League Miss Marion Delaney, San Ftancisco 

(California Federation of School Women's 

Clubs Miss Margaret Burke, San Francisco 

California Federation of Women's 

Clubs Mrs. Herbert A. Cable, Los Angeles 

California Nurses' Association Mrs. Louis Groth, Santa Clara 

California State Federation of Colored 

Women's Clubs Mrs. Hettie B. Tilghman, Oakland 

Cam.pfire Girls Mrs. Esther Schneider, Berkeley 

Catholic Ladies' Aid Society. . . .Mrs. Jos. Gabriel Kearney, Alameda 
Congress of Mothers and Parent- 
Teachers' Associations Dr. Jessie Russell, Glendale 

Daughters of the American Revolution. Mrs. C. C. Cottle, Los Angeles 

Daughters of the Confederacy Mrs. C. C. Clay, Oakland 

Home Economics Association. Miss Gertrude D. Graham, Los Angeles 
International Federation of Catholic 

Alumnae Miss Mary Malloy, San Francisco 

Jewish Council of Women IMrs. M. C. Sloss, San Francisco 

Ladies of the Maccabees Miss Alice Church, Los Angeles 

National League for Women's 

Service Mrs. Duncan McDuffie, San Francisco 

National Society of Daughters of Founders and Patriots 

of America Mrs. Helen Crittenden Irvine, Berkeley 

National Society IJ. S. Daughters 

of 1812. Mrs. R. G. Rhodes, Los Angeles 

National Women's Trade Union 

League Mrs. Frances Noel, Los Angeles 

Native Daughters of the Golden West. Mrs. Addie L. Mosher, Oakland 
Needlework Guild of America. Mrs. E. Boyle Workman, Los Angeles 
Northern Women's Christian Temperance 

Union Mrs. Sarah J. Door, San Francisco 

Pacific Coast Division of the Federal 

Reserve Mrs. A. L, Baldwin, San Francisco 

Patriotic Mothers of Sons in Service. Mrs. Ralph Criswell, Los Angeles 
Southern Women's Christian Temperance 

Union Mrs. Stella B. Irvine, Riverside 

State Federation of Musical 

Clubs Mrs. Bessie Bartlett Frankel, Los Angeles 

State League of Nursing Education Mrs. Mitchell, Los Angeles 

Woman's National Farm and Garden 

Association Mrs. IMyrtle Shepherd Francis, Ventura 

Woman's Relief Corps Mrs. Carrie L, Hoyt, Berkeley 

Woman's Auxiliary of the Fraternal 

Brotherhood Mrs, H. V. Davis, Los Angeles 

Women's Legislative Council of 

California Mrs. A. E. Carter, Oakland 

Young Ladies' IMutuiil Improvement 

Association Miss Cora Hawley, Los Angeles 

Young Women's Christian Assn. Mrs. lawrence Draper, San Francisco 



ADVISORY COMMITTEE, COMPOSED OF 
COUNTY CHAIRMEN 

(BOUNTY CHAIRM-'USr 

1. Alameda Mrs. Frederick C. Turner, Oakland 

7 Town Units: 

Oakland Miss Ethel Moore 

Berkeley Mrs. L. A. Hicks 

Alameda ^Irs. Henry Rosenthal 

San Lorenzo Miss Mary Olsen 

Hayward Miss Ruth Kimball 

Pleasanton Mrs. Claude Smallwood 

Livermore Mrs. H. S. Goodell 

1 Township l^nit : 

Washington Township Mrs. J. E. Thane 

2. Alpine Mrs. Fred Bruns, Sheridan, Nevada 

3. Amador Mrs. M. E. Tucker, Sutter Creek 

1 City Unit : 

Amador Mrs. Arthur Palmer 

5 District Units : 

Jackson Ml-s. J. A. Piccardo 

Sutter Creelc Mrs. S. M. Darrow 

lone Mrs. Mayme Prouty 

Plymouth Mrs. S. Boneau 

Drytown Mrs. Jessie H. Robbins 

4. Butte Mrs. 0. W. March, Chico 

5 Town Units : 

Oroville Mrs. J. G. Henderson 

Biggs Mrs. J. A. Harvey 

Gridley Mrs. Baltimore 

Sterling City Mrs. Dora Jamieson 

Chico Miss Alice Crum 

5. Calaveras Mrs. Alice Halley, San Andreas 

6. Colttsa Mrs. C. 0. Jordan, Colusa 

6 Town Units : 

Williams Mrs. S. S. Eakle 

Colusa Mrs. C. 0. Poage 

Princeton Mrs. F. M. Porter 

Arbuckle Mrs. H. C. Tolson 

Maxwell Mrs. George L. Hardin 

Grimes IMrs. PI. L. Houchins 

7 Small Town T^nits : 

Sycamore Mrs. J. E. Lachreiter 

Seesville Mrs. W. W. Boardman 

Sites Mrs. R. 0. Prime 

Stonyford Mrs. F. Gobel 

College City Mrs. J. E. Cain 

Venado Mrs. F. Thuckman 

Wilbur Springs Mrs. S. Smith 



COUNTY CHAIRMAN 

7. Contra Costa Mrs. H. J. Curry, Martinoz 

36 Town ITnifs : 

Antioeli Mrs. Herbert A, West 

Alamo Miss Ida Hall 

Bay Point Mrs. J. B. Higgins 

Brentwood Mrs. I. Bailey 

Byron Mrs. Harry Hammond 

Clayton Mrs. Harry Keller 

Concord Mrs. Geo. McKenzie 

Cowell Mrs. John Matherson 

Crocket Mrs. Edith Powers 

Danville Miss Laura Flourney 

Diablo Mrs. R. N. Burgess 

El Cerrito Mrs. Butterfield 

Giant Mrs. H. H. Williams 

Hercules Miss Annie Ellerhorst 

Jersey Miss Agnes Cox 

Knightsen Mrs. Henry Heidorn 

Lafayette Mrs. McNeill 

Martinez Mrs. J. J. Anderson 

Morgan Territory Miss Ellen Riley 

Nichols Mrs. Richard Dow 

Oakley Mrs. Marie 'Hara 

Oleum Mrs. Edward Olson 

Pacheco Miss Annie Loucks 

Pinole Mrs. Zella Buckley 

Point of Timber Mrs. C. W. Lent 

Port Costa Mrs. Harry Williams 

Pittsburg Mrs. E. G. Peppin 

Richmond Mrs. Catherine Smith 

Rodeo Mrs. Lucy Pray 

San Pablo Mrs. Mary C. Lucey 

San Ramon Mrs. N. S. Boone 

Selby Mrs. Earl Laumeister 

Stege Miss Dohrmann 

Tormey Miss Verda Tormey 

Valona Mrs. John Meaney 

Walnut Creek Mrs. C. R. Leech 

8. Del Norte Mrs. James McNulty, Crescent City 

9. Ei, Dorado Mrs. L. J. Dermody, Placerville 

4 Local Units: 

Placerville Mrs. William Hood 

Coloma Miss Annie Thomas 

Georgetown Mrs. Margaret Murdock 

Mosquito Mrs. Jos. Swansborough 

35 Precinct Units : 

7 



COUNTY CHAIRMAN 

9. El Dorado — Conid. 

Blairs "• Mrs. Mary Carlson 

Caldor Mrs. Chas. Duft' 

Clarksville Mrs. Fred Dixon 

Diamond Springs Mrs. Clara Lovejoy 

El Dorado Mrs. Emma F. Askew 

Fairplay Mrs. Hattie E. Croft 

Garden Valley Miss Annie L. Thorson 

Georgetown Mrs. Margaret Murdoek 

Gold lliil iMiss Mae A. Verkanip 

Greenwood Mrs. Maude E. Davis 

Grizzly Flats -Mrs. Frank IMcAlfee 

Hanks P]x(;liange Mrs. Lela R. Dean 

Indian Diggings Mrs. Ellen Lalor 

Lake Valley Mrs. Camilla Cilio 

Latrobe Mrs, R. L. Dodsou 

Mountain Mrs. Genie Nyberg 

Nashville Mrs. Carrie Heald 

Newtown Mrs. Joseph Snow 

Placerville Mrs. Emma Hood 

Pilot Hill Mrs. Louise Esper 

Pleasant Valley JMrs. May Bundy 

Shingle Springs Mrs. Estelle Bullard 

Sly Park Mrs. Mary Stark 

Smiths Flat Mrs. Jessie B. Lyon 

Somerset Mrs. Frank Smith 

Wings Store Mrs. Wm. Carpenter 

Moores Mrs. Estelle Poole 

Mountain (i)uarries Mrs. Hattie Flint 

Cool Mrs. Louise Esper 

Coloma ^Irs. Annie M. Thole 

Mosquito Airs. Jos. Swansborough 

Ankum Mrs. Geo. Higbee 

Negro Hill Mrs. Edna Darlington 

Salmon Fails Miss Elma Johnson 

Kelsey Miss M. Kelley 

10. Fresno Mrs. E. A. Williams, Fresno 

10 Town Units: 

Laton Mrs. A. G. Smith 

Clovis Mrs. M. S. McMurtry 

Parlier Mrs. Carl Drew 

Kingsburg Dr. Flora Smith 

Coalinga Mrs. S. H. Hain 

Fowler Mrs. C. Neel 

Sanger Mrs. W. ]\I. Barr 

Reedley Dr. Lucy Whitney 

Selma." -Mrs. Wm. Matlock 

Del Rey Mrs. Lynch 

8 



COITNTY " CHAIRMAN 

11 . Glenn Mrs. C. L. Donohoe, Willows 

3 City Units: 

Willows Mrs. C. L. Donohoe 

Orjand Mrs. W. E. Seearce 

Germantown Mrs. Earl Beardon 

10 District Units: 

Artois Mrs. Earl Beordon 

Hamilton City Mrs. 0. Kibhy 

Biitte City Mrs. E. Burke 

Orel Mrs. T. L. Garrison 

Glenn. Mrs. F. A. Crook 

Codora Mrs. P. B. Weller 

Newville Mrs. James Cushman 

Elk Creek Mrs. Jim Lncas 

Bayliss Mrs. Henry Giller 

Jacinto Mrs. Martha Brown 

12. Humboldt Mrs. Eva L. Ricks, Eureka 

25 District Units: 

Eureka Mrs. Eva L. Ricks 

Areata Mrs. Rali^h Bull 

Alton Mrs. M. G. Dmsmore 

Blue Lake Mrs. H. A. Barber 

Blacksburg Mrs. D. Prior 

Bridgeville Mrs. J. McClellan 

Carlotta ■ Mrs. R. P. Fisher 

Ferndale Mrs. S. Y. Morrison 

Fort Seward Mrs. F. H. Holmke 

Garberville Mrs. Margaret Tubm 

Hydesville Mrs. Francis Cuddeback 

Hoopa Mrs. Wm. Bresler 

Hawkins Bar Mrs. J. Patterson 

Metropolitan Mrs. T. G. Atkinson 

Rohnerville Mrs. Wm. M. Fuller 

Samoa Mrs. G. W. Fenwick 

Scotia Mrs. E. L. Cottrell 

"Rio Dell Mrs. J. C. Worthington 

Willow Creek Mrs. A. M. Synnes 

Burnt Ranch Mrs. Brouse Brizard 

Etterberg Miss Anne Etter 

Petrola Mrs. Thomas Johnson 

Miranda Mrs. Mercer 

Upper Mattole Mrs. W. T. S. Hadley 

Loleta Mrs. Walter Dickson 

9 



COUNTY CHAIRMAN 

13. Imperial IMrs. Violette S. Campbell, El Centro 

6 City Units: 

El Centro Mrs. F. B. Fuller 

Calipatria Mrs. L. P. Phillips 

Brawley Mrs. H. L. Fulton 

Imperial Mrs. Oscar Sweeney 

Holtville Mrs. Warren Currier 

Calexico Mrs. William Lorenz 

14. Inyo Mrs. Bertrand Rhine, Bishop 

5 Town Units : 

Bishop Mrs. Frank Butler 

Big Pine Mrs. Nettie G. Webb 

Independence Mrs. Harry Glasscock 

Lone Pine Mrs. E. W. Edwards 

Keeler Mrs. J. D. LeAvis 

15. Kern Mrs. L. P. Guiberson, Taft 

5 City Units: 

Bakersfleld Mrs. Grace Sykes 

Taft Mrs. J. King 

Maricopa Mi's. V. D. Black 

McKittrick l\Irs. J. R. Ramsey 

Mojave Mrs. G. W. Asper 

10 District TTnits : 

Fellows ]\riss Eva Madill 

Tehachapi Mrs. E. 0. F. Reilley 

Delano ^frs. Emma Woosley 

W?sco ]\lrs. Tipton Mathews 

Oil Center Mrs. Frank E. Gist 

Rosedale Mrs. W. E. Renf ro 

Onyx Mrs. W. R. Rankin 

Walker's Basin Mrs. L. E. Rankin 

:\rcFarland Mrs. F. M. Calvert 

Shafter Mrs. Haydock 

16. Kings Mrs. Hope Pyburn Johnson, Hardwick 

39 School District TJnits: 

Aroma Mrs. Newport Reynolds 

Avenal Mrs. T. E. Orchard 

Corcoran Mrs. J. W. Lester 

Cross Creek ]\tiss Altha F. Fuller 

Dallas INTrs. Harry Morris 

Delta View Mrs. Sigrid Carlson 

Empire Miss Mary Ferra 

Eucalyptus Miss Agnes G. boherty 

Eureka Mrs. Sarah H. Payton 

Excelsior Mrs. H. G. Stridde 

10 . . • . 



COUNTY CHAIRMAN 

16. Kings— Co'«ifZ. 

Frazer IMrs. E. H. Howe 

Grangeville Mrs. Sarah Railsbach 

ITanford Mrs. H. R. Cousins 

Hardwick Mrs. A. R. Doggett 

Island Mrs. Alice E. Auble 

Jacobs Mrs. A. J. Lower 

King Mrs. Ruth Rourke 

Kings River Mrs. Jim Milligan 

Lake Mrs. F. A. Kurtz 

Lakeview Mrs. Anna Nance 

Lakeside Mrs. J. A. Romine 

Lemoore M'rs. Frank Stratton 

Lucerne Mrs. Clarence Shepard 

Mercedes IMrs. Fred Newton 

Mussel Slough Mrs. Roy Waltz 

New Home Mrs. J. S. Moyer 

Oakvale ^Irs. Alta Redenbaugh 

Paddock Mrs. Neva V, Howes 

River Bend Mrs. C. W. Trimmer 

Rustic Mrs. L. N. Sigler 

Ramona Miss Agnes Slight 

San Jose Miss Ruby James 

Stratford Mrs. C. H. Newton 

Sunset Mrs, W. R. Leswick 

Tensmuir Mrs. Maud Raymond 

Wayne Mrs. C, A, Vaughan 

Willow Grove Miss Florinda Giacomazzi 

Youd Mrs. A. F. Dodge 

Reefe Mrs. 0. H. Evans 

17. Lake Mrs. Leonora May, Lakeport 

5 District Units- 

Upper Lake Mrs. Ed. Sailor 

Kelsewille Mrs. Olsen 

Middletown. Mrs. Julia Fields 

Lower Lake Mrs. Minnie Noel 

Lakeport Mrs. Leonora E. May 

18. Lassen Mrs. C. E. Emerson, Susanville 

44 District Units- 

Amedee Mrs. Gail V. James 

Ash Valley Mrs. Carrie Stone 

Bieber Mrs. H. N. Carlisle 

Bird Flat Mrs. C. W. McQueen 

Bridgeport Mrs. Fannie Gunter 

Butte Mrs. Bertha Smith 

Caloreta Mrs. B. L. Taylor 

. U , 



COUNTY CHAIRMAN 

18. Lassen — Ccmid. 

Center Mrs. S. E. Knight 

Oonstantia Mrs. I. M. Cole 

Cove Mrs. Belle Evans 

Dixie Vallev Mrs. Edith B. Whitney 

Dry Valley" Mrs. Mary N. Metcalf 

Fairview Mrs. Marie Caudle 

Fort Sage Mrs. Mary L. Hanley 

Hayden Hill Miss Grace Pinkerton 

Highland Mrs. H. R. Coffin 

Tloney Lake Mrs. Geo. M. Cain 

Janesville Mrs. Orlo Wemple 

Johnstonville Mrs. S. F. Bangham 

Juniper Mrs. A. W. McKenzie 

Lake Mrs. W. D. Wilbur 

Little Valley Mrs. Mary Gassaway 

Long Valley Mrs. A. J. Hall 

Madeline Mrs. J. H. Williams 

McDonald Peak Mrs. Minnie Whipple 

Milford Mrs. N. V. Wemple 

Missouri IMrs. Ed. Mulroney 

Oak Grove Mrs. Dave Raker 

Pine Grove Mrs. M. P. Woodin 

Lucerne Mrs. Edith Howard 

Glade Mrs Lizzie Cox 

Pitt River Mrs. Clara Vestal 

Poplar Mrs. Gus Stampfli 

Providence Mrs. Ben Bath 

Ravendale Mrs. Amy B. Edwards 

Richmond Miss Clarissa Emerson 

Riverside Mrs. Mart Wright 

Secret Valley Mrs. C. L. Adams 

Soldier Bridge Mrs. B. F. Gibson 

Standish Mrs. W. H. Fulton 

Susanville Mrs. C. E. Emerson 

Washington Mrs. C. A. Bean 

Westwood Mrs. Fred J. Davis 

Willow Creek Mrs. Mary Mumer 

19. Los Angeles Mrs. J. P. Sartori, Los Angeles 

45 Town Units : 

Los Angeles Mrs. J. T. Anderson 

El Monte Mrs. J. F. Parker 

Pasadena Mrs. ]\rarta Carr 

Artesia Mrs. Clarence Dougherty 

San Dimas Miss Emma Hawks 

Long Beach Mrs. J. D. Humiston 

Redondo Beach Mrs. Margaret Frick 

Burbank Mrs. Olive Mulvey 

12 



COUNTY CHAIRMAN 

19. Los Angeles — Contd. 

Inglewood Mrs. Frank D. Parent 

Bellflowor Mrs. C. A. Thompson 

Santa Monica Mrs. J. C. Urquhart 

Sierra Madre Mrs. Harriett Wright 

Beverly Hills Mrs. Chas. F. Nelson 

Whittier Mrs. S. F. Willy 

Claremont Mrs. John S. Work 

Compton Mrs. Louis Morrison 

Eagle Rock Mrs. B. F. Herson 

Huntington Park Mrs. Carl Christensen 

Monterey Park Mrs. D. A. Judd 

South Pasadena Mrs. D. Z. Gardiner 

Hynes Mrs. J. E. Chalmers 

Glendale Mrs. Chas. H. Toll 

Covina Mrs. Wm. Nye 

Ocean Park Mrs. Charles Sheppman 

North Hollywood Mrs. James White 

Country Club Mrs. Margaret James 

Sherman Mrs. Chas. Powell 

San Gabriel Mrs. H. J. Risden 

Glendora Mrs. Horace Baker 

Norwalk Mrs. Newton Glazier 

Manhattan Beach Mrs. Geo. C. Martin 

Rivera Mrs. Sidney Beach 

Hermosa Beach Mrs. W. T. Bolton 

La Canada Mrs. Wm. T. Sellick 

Lankershim Mrs. J. W. Deupree 

Willowbrook Mrs. Belle B. Jenks 

Azusa Mrs. Thos. Knapp 

Newhall Mrs. Fred Kellogg 

Lamanda Park Mrs. S. P. Connell 

Monrovia Mrs. Chas. H. Anson 

Tropico Mrs. Wesley H. Bullis 

East Whittier Miss Retta Cook 

San Gabriel & Alhambra Mrs. J. W. Swanwick 

Verdugo Mrs. Phil H. Bernaye 

Venice Mrs. W. Y. Thornberg 

20. Madera Mrs. L. A. Covel, Madera 

5 Town Units : 

Chowchilla Miss Mayme Brother 

Fairmead Mrs. Pearl C. Hobbs 

Dairj^land Mrs. M. M. Dyer 

Raymond Miss Theresa Footman 

North Fork Miss Nettie James 

12 Supervisorial Districts: 

1. Mrs. J. P. Galeena. 

2. M'rs. C. A, Clark. 

^ , 13 



COUNTY CHAIRMAN 

20. M.\Dm\—Cont(I. 

8. Dr. E. B. Allen. 

4. Mrs. W. A. Ellis. 

5. Mrs. L. A. Gainbrill. 

6. Mrs. R. M. Hobbs. 

7. Mrs. M. M. Dyer. 

8. Mrs. J. C. Arnott. 

9. Mrs. A. Dougherty. 

10. Mrs. Joe Stitt. 

11. Mrs. Cooper. 

12. Mrs. L. A. Covel. 

21. Marin Mrs. Charles C. Dodge, Larkspur 

18 Town Units: 

Belvedere Mrs. J. Edwards 

Sausalito Mrs. W. Gilbert 

Mill Valley Mrs. C. Symonds 

Corte Madera Mrs. M. McDonald 

Larkspur Mrs. George Cagwin 

Kentfield Mrs. J. Webb 

Ross Mrs. R. J. Davis 

San Anselmo Miss Ray Saunders 

Fairfax Mrs". M. Perry 

Forest Knolls Mrs. B. Moore 

Inverness Mrs. J. Martinelli 

San Rafael Mrs. H. Keuchler 

Novate Mrs. C. Christinson 

Ignacio Mrs. M. Boeken 

Tomales Mrs. J. Gerieke 

Tiburon Mrs. C. Anderson 

Olema Miss B. Hall 

Point Reyes Mrs. R. Grandi 

22. MARiroRA Mrs. Nell G. Thayer, Usona 

2H. Mendocino Mrs. R. L. Riehards, Talmage 

13 Township Units: 

Ukiah ]\Irs. Robert Lewis Richards 

Willits Mrs. Arthur Tl\ompson 

Covelo Mrs. Mary E. Weddle 

Potter Valley Mrs. Lena Whittaker 

Booneville Mrs. Ike Burke 

Calpella Mrs. Kirk Ford 

Talmage Mrs. M. Harrison 

Fort Bragg Mrs. Eva Huggins 

Mendocino City Mrs. J. W. Ross 

WeStport Mrs. Frances Buchanan 

Hopland Mrs. Arthur Holliday 

Laytonville Mrs. C. W. Winchester 

Point Arena Mrs. Ida Caylor 

14 



COUNTY CHAIRMAN 

24. Merced Mrs. John Stebbins, Merced 

2 Divisions : 

East Side. 
West Side. 

25. jModoc IVIrs. Walter Sherlock, Alturas 

7 District Units : 

Adin Mrs. A. E. Pickard 

Cedarville Miss Addie Shatts 

Davis Creek Mrs. Saeger 

New Pine Crec^k Mrs. Cora Fallett 

Eagleville Mrs. Estelle Forcum 

Adamsville Mrs. Ada Stratts 

Alturas Miss Augusta Caldwell 

26. Mono Miss Mildred M. Gregory, Aurora, Nevada 

27. Monterey Mrs. W. V. Grimes, Pacific Grove 

5 District Units: 

Monterey Mrs. E. T. Erb 

Kings City Mrs. Minnie D. Henry 

Carmel Mrs. J. W. Hand 

Pacific Grove Mrs. Chas. Barkes 

Metz Mrs. John Alves 

28. Napa Mrs. Percy S. King, Napa 

5 District Units : 

Napa Mrs. F. Silva 

St. Helena ^Irs. Bismark Bruck 

Calistoga Mrs. Wm. Blodgett 

Browne Valley .Mrs. Rose Karns 

Caneras .* Mrs. M. Duhig 

29. Nevada Mrs. James Watt, Grass Valley 

9 City Units: 

Nevada Citv Mrs. M. B. Church 

North San Juan Mrs. Margaret C. Corbett 

Truckee , Mrs. S. M. Richardson 

Pleasant Valley Mrs. Minnie Novay 

Spencerville Mrs. A. M. Austin 

Washington Mrs. E. McCulla 

Rough and Readv Miss Elizabeth Grant 

French Corral Mrs. S. M. Tackitt 

Grass Valley Mrs. Darsie Ridge 

15 



COUNTY CHAIRMAN 

30. Orange Mrs. A. J. Lawton, Santa Ana 

5 District Units: 

1st District Mrs. W. A. Patterson 

2nd District Mrs. J. G. Dunn 

3rd District Mrs. C. E. McFadden 

4th District Mrs. W. R. Garrett 

5th District Mrs. S. W. Stanley 

31. Placer Mrs. C. K. Schnabel, Newcastle 

1 District Unit: 

Roseville Mrs. Cora Woodbridge 

32. Plumas. 

33. Riverside Mrs. Clark McEuen, Winchester 

17 Town Units: 

Winchester Mrs. W. J. Rice 

Glenavon Mrs. J. H. Atwater 

Perris Mrs. E. C. Talbot 

Banning Mrs. R. H. Coombs 

Beaumont Mrs. J. 0. Tillery 

Blythe Mrs. S. Z. Hanlin 

Hemet Mrs. John E. King 

San Jacinto Mrs. C. D. Pool 

Elsinore Mrs. J. H. Gyger 

Murrietta Mrs. G. L. Black 

Highgrove Mrs. W. W. Ayers 

Moreno Mrs. J. M. Nelson 

Nuevo Mrs. E. R. Stalder 

Corona Mrs. F. J. Mueller 

Riverside Mrs. H. J. Webber 

Indio Mrs. Harry Marshall 

Thermal Mrs. A. 0. Hayward 

31. Sacramento Mrs. C. D. Webster, Sacramento 

1 4 Town Units : 

Antelope Mrs. A. T. McBride 

Clay Station Mrs. C. A. Bolton 

Courtland Mrs. Joseph E. Green 

Fair Oaks Mrs. James White 

Folsom Mrs. Hattie B. Morrison 

Gall Mrs. Frederick Harvey 

iNlayhew, Perkins & Mills Mrs. Len Lansboroiigh 

North Sacramento Mrs. W. F. Kaehler 

Ryde Mrs. Walter Brown 

Wilton Mrs. C. C. Woodmansee 

Walnut Grove Mrs. Arthur Eastman 

Elk Grove Mrs. E. C. Brill 

Fruit Ridge Mrs. R. J. Nichols 

^ Sacramento Mrs. Chas. H. Adams 

16 



COUNTY CHAIRMAN 

35. San Benito Mrs. Katherine Taylor, Hollister 

6 District Units : 

Hollister Mrs. George Moore 

Tres Pinos Mrs. James Slaven; Mrs. Domie Indart 

Paicines Mrs. Harry Macomber ; Mrs. Elmer Kile 

San Juan Mrs. Alva Skeel 

San Felipe Mrs. James Dunn; Mrs. Wm. Little 

Aromas Mrs. Iva Suiter 

25 School Districts: 

Union District Mrs. Romanza Elliott 

Santa Anita Miss Domie Indart 

Fairview Mrs. Walter Flint 

Ausaymas Mrs. Waldo Rolinert 

Pacheco Mrs. Wm. Little 

Cotton Wood Mrs. A. McKanna 

Live Oak Mrs. Walter Walters 

Antelope Mrs. Elmer Kile 

Vineyard Miss Grace Farrand 

Tully Mrs. Frank Tully 

Peralta Mrs. D. McDonald 

San Benito Miss L. Mathews 

Jefferson Mrs. R. G. Garner 

Panoche Miss Edna Strohm 

Aromas , Mrs. Anna Lyons 

Bear Valley Mrs. H. Bacon 

Bitter Water Miss Ruba Reckert 

Cienega Mrs. Libby 

Erie Mrs, Howard Harrison 

Lone Tree Mrs. Susie Allard 

New Idria Mrs. Morris Bowman 

Aromitas Mrs. J. McDonald 

Lazar, Gabilan & Olympia Mrs. Alva Skeel 

San Felipe Mrs. James Dunn 

36. San Bernardino Mrs. Robe.t F. Garner, San Bernardino 

20 District Units : 

San Bernardino Miss Harriet Curtis 

Colton Mrs. J. B. Hanna 

Rialto Mrs. A. R. Morgan 

Highland Mrs. W. F. Crown 

East Highland Mrs. G. W. Beattie 

Ontario Mrs. S, E. Henderson 

Upland Mrs. John D. Howe 

Chino Mrs. W. R. Dickey 

Needles Mrs. W. M. Claypool ; Mrs. J. Holly 

Etiwanda & Vicinity Mrs. J. Jones 

Fontana Mrs. W. S. Walling 

17 



COUNTY CHAIRMAN 

36. San Bernardino — Covtd. 

Barstow Mrs. E. L. Pitcher 

Victorville Mrs. Elton Gobel 

Loma Linda Mrs. M. Evans 

Grand Terrace Mrs. F. A. Worthy 

Bloomington Mrs. A. H. Morgan 

Cucamonga IMrs. Mary Reed ; Mrs. J. H. Williams 

Redlands Mrs. C. L. Curtiss 

Yncaipa Mrs. J. W. Cruikshank 

Del Rosa Mrs. George Webber 

37. San Diego Mrs. A. L. Simpson, San Diego 

6 District Units: 

Chula Vista Mrs. Chas. W. Darling 

Lemon Grove Mrs. J. Wm. Fisher 

Pacific Beach Mrs. Fred Scripps 

Ramona Mrs. W. D. White 

Escondido Mrs. H. F. Bloom 

Point Loma Mrs. William Rosie 

19 Town Units: 

La Jolla Mrs. W. C. Crandall 

Pacific Beach Mrs. F. T. Scripps 

National Citv Mrs. John Biirnham 

El Cajon. . ." Mrs. J. R. Caldwell 

Chula Vista Mrs. C. W. Darling 

Coronado Mrs. L. C. Bertolette 

Vista Mrs. H. C. Bowman 

Lemon Grove Mrs. J. W. Fisher 

Ramona Mrs. W. D. White 

Alpine Mrs. Charles W. Hilton 

Jamiil ]\trs. C. K. Voorhees 

Barrett Mrs. L. W. Smith 

Dulzura Mrs. Lila A. Clark 

Dehess Mrs. G. A. Spencer 

Pala Mrs. Arthur T. Speiss 

La Mesa Mrs. H. F. Worth 

Fallbrook Mrs. Geo. Campbell 

Oceanside Mrs. J. E. Jones 

Encinitas Mrs. Tom Cousins 

38. San Francisco Mrs. Frank Fredericks,* San Francisco 

* Died on Jan. 20, 1919. 

39. San Joaquin Mrs. John Montgomery, Lodi 

18 District Units: 

Tracy Mrs. J. J. Hubs 

Escalon Mrs. S. I. Steele 

Lathrop Mrs. L. C. Ladd 

Ripon Mrs. Wm. H. Lindsay 

Manteea Mrs. J. C. McCurdy 

18 



COUNTY 



CHAIRMAN 



39. San J().\(^ttin — Contd. 

Linden Mrs. Edgar Davis 

Farmington Miss Alice Wood 

Castle Mrs. D. 0. Castle 

Van Allen Mrs. Margaret Liesy 

French Camp Mrs. James Salmon 

Lodi jVIrs. John S. Montgomery 

Woodbridge Mrs. F. B. Mills 

Lafayette , Mrs. James Pope 

Live Oaks Mrs. E. W. Leffler 

Christian Colony IMrs. J. W. Struckenbruck 

Acampo Mrs. Mayme Wilder 

Thornton Mrs. W. T. Rutherford 

Calla Mrs. Ben Goodwin 

1 City Unit: 

Stockton Mrs. C. S. Sargent 

40. San Luis Obispo Mrs. C. B. Tlughston, San Luis Obispo 

41. San Mateo Mrs. John L. McGinn, San Mateo 

2 District Units : 

Division No. 1 Mrs. W. A. Brooke 

Division No. 2 Mrs. E. P. Kaufman 

42. Santa Barbara Mrs. Clara E. Herbert, Santa Barbara 

6 District Units : 

Santa Barbara 

Montecito 

Summerland 

Carpenteria 

Goleta 

Gaviota 

Santa Ynez 

Ballard 

Los Olivos 

Solvang 

Lompoc 

Los Alamos 

Surf 

Las Cruces 

Santa Rita 

Santa Maria 

Santa Marie 

Guadalupe 

Sisquoc 

Orcutt 

Betteravia 

Casmalia 



^ 



Mrs. A. R. Edmundson 

Mrs. Mary D. Howe 

Mrs. John S. Niles 

..Mrs. Murial Edwards 



> Mrs. John N. Watson 



19 



COUNTY CHAIRMAN 

4'3. Santa Clara Mrs. J. P. Shambeau, San Jose 

13 District Units: 

Palo Alto Mrs. W. B. Allen 

Mayfield Mrs. D. O. Lively 

Los Altos — 

Sunnyvale Mrs. S. L. Berry 

Santa Clara Mrs. James Glendenning 

Saratoga Mrs. J. E. Bell 

Los Gatos Mrs. Z. E. Riggs 

Morgan H ill Mrs. Giles Bradley 

Gilroy Mrs. C. T. Ryan 

Milpitas Miss Nellie Evans 

San Jose Mrs. J. P. Shambeau 

San Jose City Mrs. T. H. Reed 

Campbell Mrs. Geo. Parso 

Evergreen Mrs. J. P. Shambeau 

Mountain View Mrs. M. Farrell 

44. Santa Cruz Mrs. H. M. Tenney, Watsonville 

45. Shasta Mrs. Geo. Sechrist, Redding 

8 District Units : 

Kennett Mrs. John Gregg 

Cottonwood Mrs. L. R. Williams 

Anderson Mrs. James Bedford 

Keswick Mrs. Elsie Doyle 

Glenburn Mrs. Lorena Reynolds 

Old Diggings Mrs. James Sales 

Castella Mrs. R. D. McConnell 

Fall River Mrs. Lorena Reynolds 

46. Sierra Mrs. F. H. Turner, Sattley 

12 Local Units, organized under different Department Chair- 
men: 

Mrs. Henry Goard. 
Mrs. P. J. Meroux. 
Mrs. W. A. Lavery. 
Miss Jessie Reese. 
Mrs. Fred Dolley. 
Miss Roxie Alexander. 
Mrs. H. R. McDougall. 
Miss Alba Cox. 
Miss Belle Alexander. 
Mrs. George King. 
Miss Lucetta Thorne. 

20 



COUNTY CHAIRMAN 

47. Siskiyou IMrs. H. C. Patterson, Yreka 

14 District Units: 

Hornbrook ^ 

Klamathon > Mrs. Marshall Horn 

Hanlev J 

Gazelle I\[rs. Eliz. Foulke; Mrs. C. M. Mitchell 

Shasta Mrs. Edward O'Connor 

Fort Jones Mrs. Lena Aiitenreith 

Etna Mills Mrs. J. A. Denny 

Dunsmuir Mrs. E. Cornish 

McCloud Mrs. Elmer E. Hall 

Ager Mrs. J. A. Ager 

Weed Mrs. Will Tebbe 

Montague Mrs. A. L. Harlow 

Sisson Mrs. Marion Goldsmith 

Grenada Mrs. MacGregor 

Dorris Miss Grace Thomas 

Yreka Miss Bessie Silverthorn 

48. SoL.\NO Mrs. F. A. Steiger, Vacavillo 

10 City Units: 

Vallejo Mrs. Raymond Bangle 

Benecia Mrs. J. Wassmau 

Suisnn Mrs. Henry Bird 

Rio Vista Mrs. J. Anderson 

Dixon Mrs. Angus Madden 

Vacaville Mrs. D. 'Neill 

Cordeliiss Mrs. F. Jones 

Cement ^Irs. L. E. Bostwiek 

Elraira . . . ^ Mrs. F. Clark 

Fairfield Mrs. McAllister 

49. Sonoma Mrs. J. S. Sweet, Santa Rosa 

11 Local Units: 

Santa Rosa Miss Frances O'Meara 

Petaluma Mrs. L. C. Byce 

Healdsburg Miss A. A. Gallaway 

Cloverdale'^ Mrs. C. B. Shaw 

Sonoma Mrs. F. T. Duhring 

Sebastopol Mrs. E. F. Jewell 

Geyserville Mrs. H. E. Black 

Guerneville Mrs. Mary E. Esterling 

Kenwood Mrs. Geo. Bailey 

Fulton Miss Annie Laughlin 

Windsor Mrs. Mabel Du Vander 

21 



COUNTY CHAIRMAN 

50. Stanislaus Mrs. Mollie Bloom Flagg, Turlock 

22 Town Units : 

Modesto Mrs. Lena S. Maze 

Ceres Mrs. L. Collins 

Turloek Mrs. C. C. Carlson 

Salida Mrs. M. M. ElmorQ 

Denair Mrs. Estella Blizzard 

Hughson Mrs. Maud Tast 

Riverbank Mrs. Daisy Hobart 

Keyes Mrs. Ida May Leighton 

Montpelier Mrs. "W. H. Voight 

Claus Mrs. A. Beck 

Newman Mrs. A. B. Joseph 

Crows Landing Mrs. Ralph Crow 

Patterson Mrs. V. V. Allen 

Wesley Mrs. Anna S. Cox 

Oakdale Mrs. Hattie Clark 

Waterford Mrs. Alice E. Knowlton 

Cooperstown ]\rrs. Mary E. Glatzman 

Knights Ferry ]\[rs. Estella H. Prowse 

Valleytown Mrs. Anna Ray 

Hickman Mrs. Helen Mirrian 

La Grange Mrs. Daisy Triplett 

Empire Mrs. Octavia McEwen 

51. Sutter ]\Irs. Hugh D. Moncur, Yuba City 

13 City Units: 

Pleasant Grove Mrs. John T. Glenn 

Nicolaus Mrs. Charles Grider 

Verona Mrs. D. W. Finch 

Trowbridge Mrs. Emily Dooley 

Meridian '.Mrs. W. L. Stephens 

Sutter Mrs. Ben Catlett 

Live Oak Mrs. W. H. Stafford 

West Butte Mrs. Louis Tarke 

Tudor Miss B. Hess 

Pennington ]\[rs. Prank Hageboom 

Cranmore Mrs. A. T. Spencer 

Terra Buena Miss ]\Iae Smith 

Yuba City Mrs. I. H. Barr 

fi District Units: 

Bogue Mrs. J. A. Littlejohu 

Franklin Mrs. J. L. Welter 

Neustro Mrs. A. B. Gage 

Encinal Mrs. Clara Morse 

O'Banion ('orners Mrs. W. Mangels 

Pennington Mrs. Frank Hageboom 

22 . 



COUNTY CHAIRMAN 

52. Tehama Mrs. L. L. McCoy, Red Bluff 

9 District Units: 

Corning Mrs. Rachel Montgomery 

Los Molinos Mrs. C. L. Eustes 

Tehama Mrs. Lulu Simpson 

Colary Mrs. Alex. McCullagh 

Proberta Miss Josephine Lewis 

Red Bank Mrs. J. D. Montgomery 

Henbyville ^ 

Flournoy > Mrs. John J. Heavy 

Butte Mountain J 

Parkenta Mrs. Z. P. Dyer 

Barendos Mrs. H. C. Kauffman 

53. Trinity Miss Alice Anderson, Weaverville 

27 District Units: 

Blanchard Flat Mrs. Wm. Wallace 

Burn Ranch J. D. McDonald 

Caution Mrs. W. S. Willburn 

Coffee Creek F. C. Schroter 

Cox Bar G. W. Tinsley 

Douglas City I\Trs. R. G. Marshall 

Grass Valley T. M. Wilson 

Hawkins Bar Mrs. Kate Irving 

Hayfork Mrs. H. Everett 

Hatten Valley Hy. D. Wilburn 

Heaglin John Holtorf 

Hyampom Mrs. Eva Russell 

Island Mountain Mrs. E. W. Hinds 

Junction City R- Gribble 

La Orange Mrs. G. W. Senger 

Lewiston John Knoll 

Long Ridge Mrs. F. M. Hayden 

Lower Trinity Mrs. Rosa Noble 

Mad River J- M. Hutchens 

Minersville J. C. Van Matre 

Peak E. 0. White 

Ruch Mrs. J. J. Moons 

Salt Creek J. W. Patten 

Trinitv Center E. K. Ellery 

Tnlc Creek R. H. Crews 

Weaverville C E. Goodyear 

Zenia E. Kniss 

54'. Tttlare Mrs. George G. Hobbs, Dinuba 

14 Town Units: 

Traver INIrs. F. H. Coughran 

Sultana Mrs. E. S. Phillips 

Allensworth Mrs. Louise Dotson 

23 



COUNTY CHAIRMAN 

54. Tulare — Contd. 

Tnlare Mrs. A. C. Rosenthal 

Diniiba Mrs. C. A. Pellotson 

Porterville Mrs. H. M. Hathaway 

Strathraore INTrs. L. L. Lighthall 

Lemon Cove Mrs. Jack Arthur 

Visalia Mrs. Bessie Twaddle 

Lindsay Mrs. W. D. Allen 

Exeter Mrs. Reginald Rowland 

Cutler Mrs. J. W. Floyd 

Orosi Mrs. James Nelson 

Orange Cove Mrs. J. F. Wright 

55. Tuolumne Mrs. 0. J. Mouron, Sonora 

11 City Units : 

Sonora Mrs. H. E. Wolfe 

Jamestown Mrs. L. S. Rosenthal 

Groveland Mrs. Lester Wiley 

Columbia Mrs. Geo. Trask, Jr. 

Standard Mrs. Chester Monroe 

Soulsbyville Mrs. J. F. Anderson 

Tuolumne Mrs. E. H. Reid 

Chinese Mrs. D. E. Stratton 

Quartz Mrs. S. E. Morgan 

Confidence Mrs. W. J. Leigh 

Shawmutt Mrs, Jason Litchild 

5fi. Ventura Mrs. Frank Sifford, Ventura 

21 District Units: 

Fillmore Mrs. Geo. Tighe 

Fillmore, R. F. D Mrs. Geo. King 

Santa Paula Mrs. H. H. McPhee 

Santa Paula, R. F. D Miss Elizabeth Anderson 

Oxnard Mrs. J. Diefenbach 

Hueneme Mrs. H. J. Rosendale 

Santa Susana Mrs. C. M. Cambridge 

Camarillo Mrs. F. W. Stein 

Saticoy Mrs. John Newby 

Moorpark Mrs. E. I. Rice 

Piru Mrs. F. S. Chapman 

Ventura Mrs. P. W. Stebbins 

Sirai Mrs. B. H. Brigham 

Somis Mrs. J. W. McKee 

Ojai Mrs. Frank Beaman 

Newberry Park Mrs. S. E. Patten 

Lebec Mrs. F. L. Cuddy 

24 



COUNTY CO AIRMAN 

56. Ventura — Contd. 

Carpenteria Miss Pauline Gaynor 

Ozena Miss Mary Y. Reyes 

Triunfo Mrs. Bernice Stockton 

Saticoy Mrs. J. M. Sharp 

57. Yolo Mrs. Herbert E. Coil, Woodland 

8 City Units: 

Dnnnigan Mrs. Sam Barker 

Grafton Mrs. S. F. Dixon 

Davis Mrs. Forest Plant 

Winters Mrs. Annie Sparks 

Zaniora Mrs. Bernice Jacobs 

Clarksburg Mrs. Jessie Cave 

Woodland Mrs. Lawhead 

Capay Valley Mrs. B. F. Davissou 

58. Yuba Mrs. L. S. Burgert, Marysville 

4 Town Units: 

Marysville Mrs. L. S. Burgert 

Wheatland Mrs. W. B. Ball 

Hammontown Mrs. 0. L. Gray 

Marigold Mrs. George Mott 

;i5 School Districts: 

Arboga Mrs. Geneva Coney 

Bald Mountain Ella Huggins 

Brophy Eva Johnson 

Buckeye Mrs. Kate Wyraan 

Browns Valley Marie Eymard 

Challenge Dorothy Gill 

Clark Louise Johnson 

Celestial Valley Maynie Curry 

Cordua Mrs. Rose Ruff 

Dobbins Eva Meline 

Elizabeth Eleanor Ebert 

Ella Grace McGowan 

Frenchtown iMrs. Julia Merriani 

Greenville Alice Coupe Mellon 

Hansonville Inez Rivers 

Honcut Lucile 'Brien 

Indian Ranch Eva Reusser 

Linda Amy Green 

Lone Tree Ethel Oldham 

Long Bar Lottie Contlin 

Mill Creek Effie Sheehan 

Oak Valley Mabel Harding 

Oregon House Louise Johnson 

25 



COrNTY CHAIRMAN 

.58. Yuba — Contd. 

Prairie Mrs. Blanche Folson 

Peoria Anna Pettie Sperback 

Phimas Elizabeth Fell 

Rose Bar Grace Weiss 

Sharon Valley Mrs. Chas. Harvey 

Slate Range Hazel Townsend 

Spring Valley Mabel Harding 

Strawberry Valley Mrs. Nellie Bean 

Sugar Loaf Miss Laura Marvin 

Virginia Miss Anna Herrick 

Waldo Mrs. Alma Dixon 

Woodruff Mrs. Margaret Devoe 



26 



REPRESENTATIVES OF THE WOMEN'S COM- 
MITTEE on the COUNTY DIVISIONS OF THE 
STATE COUNCIL OF DEFENSE 

Alameda : 

Mrs. Frederick C. Turner, Oakland. 

Miss Ethel Moore, Oakland. 

Mrs. ]). W. Ross, Berkeley. 
AliPINE : 



Amador : 

Mrs. M. E. Tucker, Sutter Creek. 

Mrs. J. A. Piceardo, Jackson. 

Miss Freda E. M. Riedeman, Sutter Creek. 
Butte : 

Mrs. 0. W. March, Chico. 

Miss Alice Crum, Chico. 

Mrs. J. A. Harvey, Bigfgs. 
Calaveras: 

Mrs. Alice Halley, San Andreas. 

i\rrs. Henry F. Zwinge, San Andreas. 
Colusa : 

Mrs. C. O. Jordan. Colusa. 

Mrs. S. S. Eakle, Williams. 

Mrs. A. B. Jackson, Colusa. 
Contra Costa : 

Mrs. H. J. (\irry, Martinez. 

Mrs. C. S. Gibson, Richmond. 

Mrs. R. W. Hanna, Richmond. 
Dei; Norte :' 

Mrs. James McNulty, Crescent City. 

Mrs. Wm. Malone, Crescent City. 
El Dorado: 

Mrs. L. J. Dormody, Placerville. 

Mrs. William Hood, Placerville. 

]\rrs. S. H. INFaginess, Placerville. 
Fresno : 

Mrs. E. A. Williams, Fresno. 

Mrs. H. A. Goddard, Fresno. 

Mrs. Henry Hawson, Fresno. 
Glenn : 

Mrs. C. L. Donohue, Willows. 

Mrs. W. H. Walker, Willows. 

Mrs. Wm. M. Finch, Willows. 
Humboldt : 

IVIrs. Eva Ricks, Eureka. 

Mrs. R. R. Smith, Fortuna. 

27 



ImPERIAIj : 

Mrs. Violette S. Campbell, El Centre. 
Mrs. Herbert Fnlton, Brawley. 
Mrs. Bailies C. Walker, El Centre. 

Inyo : 

Mrs. Bertrand Rhine, Bishop. 
Mrs. Leora B. Rhine, Bishop. 

Kern : 

Mrs. L. P. Gniberson. Taft. 

Mrs. Grace Sykes, Rakersfield. 

Mrs. H. N. Herriek, Taft. 

Kings : 

Mrs. Hope P. Johnson, Hard wick. 
Mrs. C. H. Cousins, Hanford. 
Mrs. Florence Graves, Hanford. 

Lake : 

Mrs. Leonora May, Lakeport. 
Mrs. A. B. Olsen, Kelseyville. 
Mrs. W. W. Grnwell, Lakeport. 

Lassen : 

Mrs. C. E. Emerson, Susanville. 

Los Angeles: 

Mrs. J. F. Sartori, Los Angeles. 

Mrs. J. T. Anderson. 

Mrs. Elizabeth Mnmford, Pasadena. 

]\L\DERA : 

Mrs. L. A. Covel, Madera. 

Mrs. A. L. Gambrill, Chowchilla. 

Mrs. Walter Schniitz, Madera. 

Martn : 

Mrs. Charles C. Dodge, Larkspur. 
Mrs. H. N. Knechler, San Rafael. 
IMrs. Carl Syraonds. Mill Valley. 

Mariposa : 

Mrs. Nell G. Thayer. 

]\rENDOClNO: 

Mrs. R. L. Richards, Talmage. 
Mrs. S. H. Bragg, Ukiah. 
Mrs. Lonis Hoffman, TTkiah. 

Merced : 

Mrs. John Stebbins, Merced. 
Mrs. John B. Garibaldi, Merced. 

-Modoc : 

Mrs. Walter Sherlock, Altnras. 

Miss Addie Shf.tts, Codarville. 

Mrs. J. D. Ries<*n, Altnras. 
Mono : 

Miss Mildred M. Gregory, Ani'ora, Nev. 

Mrs. P. R. Parker, Bridgeport. 

28 



IMONTEREY : 

Mrs. W. V. Grimes, Pacific Grove. 

jMrs. 'J. H. Andresen, Salinas. 

Mrs. Richmond Wheeler, Salinas. 
Napa : 

Mrs. Percy S. King, Napa. 

Mrs. Frank Silva, Napa. 

Mrs. G. F. Weber, St. Helena. 
Nevada : 

Mrs. James Watt, Grass Valley. 

Mrs. Gertrnde Carson, Grass Valley. 

Mrs. Margaret Chapman, Nevada City 
Orange : 

Mrs. A. J. Lawton, Santa Ana. 

Mrs. Ida F. Button, Anaheim. 

Mrs. E. M. M alley, Santa Ana. 
Placer : 

Mrs. C. K. Schnabel, Newcastle. 

Mrs. Cora Woodbridge, Roseville. 

Mrs. J. D. Stewart, Auburn. 
Plumas : 



Riverside : 

I\[rs. Clark JMcEuen, Winchester. 

Mrs, IT. J. Webber, Riverside. 

Mrs. Henry DeNyse, Riverside. 
Sacramento: 

Mrs. C. D. Webster, Sacramento. 

Mrs. Charles H. Adams, Sacramento. 

Mrs. Albert Elkus, Sacramento. 
San Benito : 

Mrs. Katherine Taylor, Hollister. 

Mrs. Roland E. Sko.>l, San Juan. 

Mrs. Harry Ma comber, Paicines. 
San Bernardino: 

Mrs. Robert F. Garner, San Bernardino. 

Miss Harriett Curtiss, San Bernardino. 

Mrs. Jonas Wood, San Bernardino. 
San Diec40: 

Mrs. A. L. Simpson, San Diego. 

Mrs. Wm. A. Crane, San Diego. 

Mrs. H. F. Bloom, Escondido. 
San Francisco: 

Mrs. W. DuBois Brookings, San Francisco. 
San Joaquin : 

Mrs. John Montgomery, Lodi. 

Mrs. P. B. Eraser, Stockton. 

Mrs. A. E. Prior, Stockton. 
San Luis Obispo : 

Mrs. C. B. Hiighson, San Luis Obispo. 

29 



San Mateo : 

Mrs. John L. McGinn, San Mateo. 

Mrs. W. A. Brooke, Half Moon Bay. 

Mrs. C. R. Walter, Menlo Park. 
Santa Barbara : 

Mrs. Clara E. Herbert, Santa Barbara. 

Mrs. A. R. Edmonson, Santa Barbara. 

Mrs. Geo. E. Potter, Santa Barbara. 
Santa ClarzV: 

Mrs. J. P. Shainbeaii, San Jose. 

Mrs. John G. Jury, San Jose. 

Mrs. W. H. Shockley, Palo Alto. 
Santa Cruz: 

Mrs. H. M. Tenney, Watsonville. 

Mrs. W. H. Volek, Watsonville. 
Shasta : 

Mrs. Geo. Sechrist, Redding. 

l\Irs. James Bedford, Anderson. 

Mrs. W. D. Tillotson, Reddinpr. 
Sierra : 

Mrs. F. H. Turner, Sattley. 
Siskiyou : 

Mrs. H. C. Patterson, Yreka. 

Mrs. Wm. Hunt, Sisson. 
Solano : 

Mrs. F. A. Steiger, Vacaville. 

Mrs. Angus Madden, Dixon. 

]\rrs. Raymond Bangle, Vallejo. 
Sonoma : 

Mrs. J. S. Sweet, Santa Rosa. 

Mrs. Francis O'Meara, Santa Rosa. 

Mrs. P. A. IMenery, Santa Rosa. 
StaNISJjAUS : 

Mrs. Millie Bloom Flagg, Turlock. 

Mrs. Lena S. Maze, Modesto. 

Mrs. Max Hoffman, Newman. 
Sutter : 

Mrs. Hugh D. Moncur, Yuba City. 

Mrs. A. Lemenager. 
Tehama : 

Mrs. L. L. McCoy, Red Bluff. 

Mrs. R. J. Packard, Corning. 

]\Trs. E. M. Perdew, Visalia. 
Trinity : 

Miss Alice Anderson, Weaverville. 

Mrs. E. V. Jotter, Weaverville. 
Tulare : 

Mrs. George C. Hobbs, Dinuba. 
Mrs. Bessie R. Twaddle, Visalia. 
Mrs. E. M. Perdew, Visalia. 

30 



Tuolumne : 

Mrs. 0. J. Mouron, Souora. 

Mrs. A. R. Graves, Tuolumne. 

]\rrs. J. T. Priec, Sonora. 
Ventura : 

JMrs. Frank Siiford, Ventura. 

Mrs. J. Diefenbach, Oxnard. 

Mrs. L. B. Hogue, Santa Paula. 
YOLO: 

Mrs. Herbert E. Coil, Woodland. 

Mrs. L. D. Lawhead, Woodland. 

Mrs. E. A. Bullard, Woodland. 
Yuba : 

Mrs. L. S. Burger, Marysville. 



31 



WOMEN'S COMMITTEE OF THE STATE COUNCIL 
OF DEFENSE OF CAIJFORNIA HISTORY 



The Women's Committee of the State Council of Defense of 
California was organized at the direction of the Women's Committee 
of the National Council of Defense. Mrs. Frank A. Gibson was 
appointed temporary chairman to call together the heads of Women's 
Organizations in the State. 

Fifteen organizations were notified and all of them were repre- 
sented at the i5rst meeting which was held in San Francisco, May 
28th, 1917. At that time the permanent organization of the Califor- 
nia Women's Committee was effected. 

OBJECT 

This committee was organized to co-ordinate and centralize the 
organized forces of the women of the state; to enlist the co-operation 
of unorganized women for war service ; and also to provide a channel 
through which the different Government Agencies and Departments 
could speedily and effectively reach the women with directions and 
suggestions to help the Government win the war. 

Immediately upon the organization of this committee as a part 
of the National Council of Defense, the State Council of Defense 
of California made it an integral part of that body, giving the 
Women's Committee financial support and co-operation. The Chair- 
man of the Women's Committee is a member of the Executive Com- 
mittee of the State Council of Defense and the County Chairmen of 
the Women's Committee are members of the County Divisions of 
the State Council. 

The Committee was not intended to displace any other organiza- 
tion, or to lessen the importance or value of work done by organiza- 
tions. Its function has been to provide a clearing house through 
which Government information and directions could be quickly dis- 
seminated throughout the state. Bulletins and circular letters from 
Washington, outlining programs of work, and transmitting informa- 
tion from Federal Agencies, have come constantly to the Committee. 
These Bulletins have been given publicity through the newspapers 
of the state which have been most generous in the space devoted to 
this form of war service, and by circular letters and bulletins sent 
from the state office to the County and Department Chairmen. 

The regular department work of the Committee, as programmed 
in Washington, has been in line with tlie work of the State Social 
Service Commissions. Wherever possible, a woman member of these 
Commissions has been made a Chairman of Department work and 
in this way the Women's Committee has furnished an opportunity 
for educational work for the Commissions and has brought the gov- 
ernment of the state very closely and vividly to the attention of its 
citizens. 

32 



One effect of the Women's Committee, which it is hoped will 
he permanent, is the affiliation of organizations for a common purpose 
and the closer drawing together of all the women of the State 
through the common service to Avhich they were devoted. 

ORGANIZATION 

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 

The Executive Committee is composed of officers and depart- 
ment chairmen. In order to identify the work of the Women's 
Committee with the State Council, as part of a great national 
scheme, the women mmbers of the State Council are members of the 
P^xecutive Committee and the Chairman of the Women's Committee 
is a member of the State Council of Defense. The Executive Com- 
mittee has met once a week, or oftener, as occasion demanded, during 
the life of the Committee. (See page 4.) 

CENTRAI- COMMITTEE 

The Central Committee is made up of state organizations and 
the women members on State Welfare Boards and Commissions. 
(See pages 4'-5.) This Committee has met regularly once a month. 

ADVISORY COMMITTEE 

The Advisory Committee is composed of the County Chairmen 
of the Women's Comn)ittee and this Committee has met with the 
Central Committee. (See pages 6 to 26.) 

DEPARTMENTS OF WORK 

Regular departments of work are organized within the Com- 
mittee. These correspond, in general, M'ith the departments of the 
Women's Committee of the Council of National Defense. Some de- 
partments have been added as need developed for them. The Chair- 
iiicn of these departments have followed the programs which came 
to them from Washington. They have also developed and initiated 
new plans to meet the state needs. 

Special Work. The Headquarters of the Executive Committee 
of the Women's Committee have been in Los Angeles, in offices pro- 
vided by the State Council of Defense. There has also been an office 
for the Women's Committee in the San Francisco Offices of the State 
Council of Defense. 

For the year from October, 1917, to October, 1918, the Women's 
Committee officially represented the State Council of Defense in 
Los Angeles, the Secretary of the Women's Committee serving also 
as Assistant Secretary of the State Council of Defense, and their 
offices have been a center for war information and war activities of 
every kind, ranging from "PTome Gardens" and "Food Demonstra- 
tions," to information furnished from the "Official United States 
Bulletin;" material for lecturps and speakers; helpful advice and 
guidance along social, industrial and economic lines, as these prob- 
lems were intensified or emphasized by the war. Thousands of 
people have come to the offices for advice and information, and 
thousands of telephone calls for the same purpose have been an- 
swered. 

33 



Tlio Four-Minute Men's organization of Southern California 
has occupied an office in the Women's Committee Headquarters, and 
have l)een furnished stenographic and mimeographic service. 

In the same building with the Headquarters, all war "drives" 
such as the "Liberty Loan," the "Red Cross," and the "War Work 
Campaign," have been carried on from time to time. The Women's 
Committee lias co-operated in every Avay possible with these cam- 
paigns. 

On a very small amount of money, and with very few paid 
workers, an enormous amount of work has been done in the office 
by the generous assistance of many volunteer workers. Mrs. Carrie 
S. Greene, Mrs. Josephine H. Reynolds and Mrs. Barbara Stahl have 
given expert and continuous volunteer service at the Headquarters. 

In addition to the regular work programmed at Washington, 
the following special work has been carried on by the Women's 
Committee : 

Liberty Loan. The first call made upon the Committee was to 
help in the campaign for the "Liberty Loan Bonds." A Chairman 
for Northern California and one for Southern California were ap- 
pointed, who each in her respective section, did remarkably efficient 
work, considering that the request was received from the National 
Council of Defense only ten days before the closing date of the 
camxjaign. 

Food Pledge Campaigns. Before the "Food Administration" 
was organized, the Women's Committee, in July, 1917, carried on 
the first Food Pledge Campaign. While the result was disappoint- 
ing as to numbers, it was the beginning of the educational work 
among the women of the state as to the necessity for every housewife 
to CO- operate with the Government in providing food for our soldiers 
anc[ our Allies. California was fifth among the other States in her 
rating in this campaign. 

Immediately after Mr. Merritt's appointment as Food Admin- 
istrator for California, he asked the Women's Committee to act as 
the Advisory Committee for the "Food Administration" in Cali- 
fornia. Acting in that capacity, the machinery of the Women's 
Committee was used to carry on the second Food Pledge Campaign 
in November, 1917, with the result of over 600,000 Food Pledges 
signed. An educational speaking campaign was carried on through- 
out the State at that time at the suggestion of the Food Administra- 
tor, under the auspices of the Women's Committee. Mr. Merritt has 
many times, expressed his appreciation of the co-operation of the 
Women's Committee. 

Home Demonstration Agents. Demonstrators from the Agri- 
cultural Department of the University of California opened a State 
Tour by a three-days' series of demonstrations in Los Angeles, in 
June, 1917. These and other Demonstrators were then routed 
throughout the State by the Women's Committee. 

The Women's Committee assisted in getting appropriations from 
the Boards of Supervisors for the expenses of the Federal Home 
Demonstration Agents. Since these Agents were appointed, they 
have been in close touch with the Women's Committee. The Agent 

34 



for the Los Angeles District Mrs. Jessica C. Hazzard has made her 
headquarters Avith the Women's Committee and has been at the dis- 
posal of the Committee for lectures and demonstrations. 

Thousands of sheets of recipes were mimeographed for the use 
of the Agents to meet the demands made upon the Committee before 
the "Food Administration" began furnishing their "Rules for Con- 
servation" and "The Use of Substitutes." 

Exhihits. Exhibits of posters made by the children of the Los 
Angeles Schools have been held and have been loaned for Schools, 
Libraries and shop window displays. 

The Committee has also loaned a Food Exhibit of dried fruits 
and vegetables, fats, grains, flours and sweets — other than sugar, and 
a "Food" exhibit, showing One Hundred calory portions. 

Exhibits of the work of the Women's Committee were made at 
the Allied War Exposition in Los Angeles; at the State Fair in 
Sacramento and at the Los Angeles Liberty Fair. These were made 
to visualize the work of the various Departments. A complete ac- 
count of them is given under the Department of "Information and 
Library Service." Many exhibits have been made by County Com- 
mittees in their own localities. 

Lahor Survey. In the Summer of 1917, an investigation was 
made of the labor supply of Southern California and the alleged 
shortage of women workers. 

Drives. In the campaigns for funds for war work carried on 
by the "Red Cross," "Liberty Loan," "United War Work Cam- 
paign." the 'Young Women's Christian Association," and the 
"Young Men's Christian Association," the Women's Committee has 
taken an active and important part. In certain localities the whole 
responsibility for these campaigns has been in the hands of the 
Women's Committee. This was especially true in Counties where 
the Young Women's Christian Association and the Young Men's 
Christian Association had no local organizations. Books and mag- 
azines for the camps and cantonments have been collected. 

War Risk Insurance. Information and leaflets on "War Risk 
Insurance" were circidated, and applications from parents of men 
in service were taken at the San Francisco and Los Angeles offices. 

Income Tax. At the solicitation of the Internal Revenue Officer, 
leaflets were sent out on "How to Make the Income Tax Returns," 
and in some Counties and Towns the Women's Committee made a 
house-to-house distribution of these leaflets. 

American Women's Hospitals. The machinery of the Women's 
Committee was used in the campaign for the American Women's 
Hospitals. The Southern California Counties were especially active 
in that campaign and made it possible for the Campaign Committee 
to largely exceed its quota of $50,000.00 from the Southern Cali- 
fornia District. 

Bhident Nxirse Reserve. At the request of the Surgeon-General's 
Office and the National Council of Defense, a campaign was started 
to enroll Student Nurses in both Army and Civilian Hospitals. Ap- 
plications of 837 Student Nurses, recruited from all over the State, 
were sent to Washington from the Los Angeles office of the Women's 
Committee. 

35 



Motor Service. There is no State Motor Service. The Los Angeles 
Emergency Drivers have had their headquarters with the Women's 
Committee in Los Angeles, and the National League for Women's 
Service has been similarly connected in San Francisco with the 
Women's Committee. I'here have been Motor Corps of women 
throughout the State, some operating directly under the "Red 
Cross," and others directly with the Women's Committee. They 
have all rendered valuable service, both in war work and in the 
emergency created by the influenza epidemic. 

Community Activities. These included Community Kitchens, 
which were largely used for canning fruit and vegeta])les, and the 
making of jellies and i)reserves. In this way, large amounts of fruit 
that had usually lain on the ground and spoiled, due to the abund- 
ance of the fruit crop in California, have been put to good use, 
probably for the first time in tlie history of the State. Community 
Drying Plants, where vegetables and fruits have been dried, and 
Community Markets, where the products of the Home Gardens have 
been brought together for distribution and sale, have been established. 

Community Singing. In nearly every county. Community Sing- 
ing has been established through the assistance of the Women's 
Comnuttee. 

Health Centers. As a result of the "Children's Year Cam- 
I)aign," twenty-two permanent Children's Health Centers have been 
established. 

(Community Councils. Wherever Community Councils have been 
established, the Women's (^^ommittee has had a prominent part in 
their organization On the original Committee of five in each County, 
there were two women representing the Women's County Com- 
mittee. 

War Gardens. A War Garden Bureau is being established in 
every County, and the machinery of the Women's Committee is 
being utilized in this project. A member of the Women's Committee 
is a member of each County War Garden Bureau. 

Influenza Epidemic. The epidemic of influenza, in the Autumn 
of 1918, interfered with the regular Department work of the Com- 
mittee, but the County Chairmen were actively occupied in giving 
assistance during the epidemic. In many localities they played a 
very important part in the plans for caring for the sufferers, and 
everywhere, throughout the State the Women's Committee lent 
valuable aid in providing diet and community kitchens, which fur- 
nished cooked food for the sick, and for children and working mem- 
bers of the family : in recruiting nurses for the hospitals and for 
general service; in making masks; in taking patients to and from 
hospitals through the Motor Corps Service. Beds and bedding, cook- 
ing utensils, food, drugs and fuel were generously furnished. Com- 
mittees were organized to do household work, to keep up fires, and 
furnish all kinds of relief. The whole machinery of the Women^'s 
Committee was lent to this emergency. Before a telegram was re- 
ceived from Washington asking that the Women's Committee lend 
its aid at this time, it was already being done. 

36 



Reports. We have seni nine bi-monthly reports to Washington, 
the same report going to the State Council of Defense. We have, 
also, made weekly reports of the activities of the Women's Com- 
mittee to the State Council of Defense, and a monthly financial 
report. 

Meetings. There have been 150 Executive Committee meetings, 
and 30 Central Committee meetings. 

PuUic. Meetings. The Women Committee has arranged public 
meetings for distinguished speakers, among whom were Miss Jane 
Addams; Mrs. "Vernon Kellogg, for whom a speaking tour was ar- 
ranged throughout California; also a meeting for the Y. W. 'C. A. 
War Workers; a banquet for the Governor of the State and for 
the Representatives of the xMiied Nations; also, a banquet for Mr. 
C. C. Moore, the Director of the State Council of Defense; and a 
mass meeting in the interest of "Americanization," at which mem- 
liers of the Commission on Immigration and Housing were the prin- 
cipal speakers. 

The Women's Committee provided the program of speaking for 
the afterno(;n and evening of Women's Day at the Allied War Ex- 
position in Los Angeles. Members of the Executive Committee ac- 
companied the Governor on a State tour of patriotic speaking, and 
in each County Avhere the Governor spoke, the Chairman of the 
County Women's Committee had a part in the program. 

In addition to the regular Central Committee Meetings, held 
each month, both in Los Angeles and in San Francisco, which called 
together representatives of the majority of the Counties of Cali- 
fornia, two important conferences were held by the Committee, — one 
at Santa Barbara in April, 1918, at the time of the meeting of the 
State Conference of Social Agencies. At that meeting, the Women's 
Comuittee furnislied a large part of the program for one day's 
meeting of the Conference in addition to its own All Day Con- 
ference, 

Another Conference of great importance was held in September, 
1918, at Mills College, Oakland, when representatives from 4'3 differ- 
ent counties and 13 state organizations came together to discuss 
how the work of the Women's Committee might be carried on in 
the future with a clearer comprehension and a broader vision. The 
impression of this Conference was that all social activities had been 
knit together during this one year of war, much closer than could 
have been hoped for in fifty years of peace. 

These Conferences vfere felt to be of inestimable value to the 
Com.un'ttee, and were a great inspiration for the women who at- 
tended. 

Arrangenmts for the War Council of the State Council of De- 
fense, which was held in Los Angeles in May, were made by the 
Women's Committee. 

Letters. We have received nearly 10,000 letters and sent out 
an average of 2,000 each month. 

Visitors to the Office. There is a record of over 5,000 persons 
who have come to the office for information and literature. This does 
not include members of the Committee, volunteer workers or those 

Z7 



who came to attend meetings, or applicants for enrollment as Student 
Nurses. 

Literature. The Committee has a record of 207,566 pieces of 
literature which has been given out and sent out. This includes the 
literature of the United States Committee on Public Information; 
the United States Food Administration, and the Department of 
Agriculture of the University of California, besides the leaflets of 
the "Women's Committee; also 92,000 posters. 

Bulletins. Circular letters of instriiction and direction to county 
chairmen and workers throughout the State have been sent weekly. 
The Committee has a record of 190 different circular letters sent 
from headquarters. This does not include circular letters sent by 
department chairmen. 

Speakers. While not maintaining a regular Speaker's Bureau, 
the "Women's Committee has furnished between three and four hun- 
dred speakers and has co-operated with the Four-Minute Men, who 
had their office in our Headquarters. In addition, many programs 
have been planned and furnished for Clubs and Organizations. The 
County Committees have also supplied speakers in their localities. 

Publications. The Women's Committee has published the fol- 
lowing leaflets : 

■'Organization of the Women's Committee," 

'Americanization." 

'Women in Industry." 

'Information and Library Service." 

■'Girls' War Service." 

■'Maintenance of Existing Social Agencies." 

• ' Children 's Year Leaflet. ' ' 

■'Educational Propaganda." 
Education." 

^'Public Health." 

'Reconstruction Program." 

Many typewritten leaflets and questionnaires were sent out as 
occasion required. 

Kesolutions. From time to time, as need arose, resolutions have 
been passed by the Committee and forwarded through proper chan- 
nels of influence, given publicity and sent to the County Chairmen 
and heads of organizations for their endorsement. Through this 
means it has been ])ossible to accomplish a number of definite pieces 
of work. 



38 



FINANCIAL REPORT 
WOMEN'S COMMITTEE— STATE COUNCIL OF DEFENSE 

—1917— 
Feceipts, 

Appropriation $3,285.50 

Miscellaneous Receipts 73.11 

Total Receipts $3,358.61 

Disbursements, 

Salaries $1,511.18 

Telegrams 161.49 

Typewriter Rent 38.00 

Telephones 131.75 

Other Office Expenses 274.90 

Printing, etc 266.60 

Postage 256.00 

Traveling Expenses 105.00 

Miscellaneous 233.92 

Total Disbursements $2,978.84 

Balance 379.77 



$3,358.61 
(Offices opened June 1st, 1917.) 

1918 

Balance from 1917 $ 379.77 

Appropriations 5,950.00 

Miscellaneous Receipts 575.81 

Total Receipts $6,905.58 

Dishnrsemenls 

Salaries .$2,983.50 

Telegrams 205.50 

Typewriter Rent 106.70 

Telephones 151.30 

Other Office Expenses 692.83 

Printing, etc 319.55 

Postage 477.00 

Traveling Expenses 916.73 

Refunded to State Council of Defense 200.00 

Press Clippings 75.35 

Pins for Women's Committee 125.00 

Exhibits 123.42 

Trinity Auditorium Meeting 35.35 

Pamphlets, etc 97.05 

Miscellaneous 373.73 

Total Disbursements $6,883.01 

Balance 22.57 

$6,905.58 
39 



REPORTS OF DEPARTMENT CHAIRMEN 
AMERICANIZATION 

Mrs. Frank A. Gibson, Chairman 

When the Women's Coniniittee was organized Governor Stephens 
placed at its service the machinery of the State Social Commissions. 
This was done in order to give the whole state the advantage of the 
well-thought-out plans and policies of experts and, in so doing, to 
co-ordinate the activities of the great volunteer war-service of the 
women of California. 

With these purposes of the Governor in mind, a member of the 
Stale Commission of Immigration and Housing was appointed as 
<lirector of the Department of Americanization. The department was 
organized with eleven members, official representatives of ten national 
and state organizations, — California Federation of Women's Clubs, 
Y. W. C. A., Daughters of the American Revolution, Association of 
Collegiate Alumnae, Native Daughters of the Golden West, Mothers' 
(yongress, Northern Women's Christian Temperance Union, Southern 
Women's Christian Temperance Union, Council of Jewish Women, 
and League for Women's Service. Its purpose was to study im- 
migrant conditions and to do all in its power to make California a 
state of one language and one people. 

The organizations, of which it was formed, pledged themselves 
to undertake a definite line of investigation necessary to a full under- 
standing of immigrant problems in California and to formulate a 
constructive plan for the opening of educational opportunity in its 
broadest sense, to men and women unable to understand America. 
Each member of the department was chosen by her State President, 
as a student of immigrant conditions in the nation as well as in 
California. Her duty was to send out through her organization all 
calls for its special service and to interpret her organization and 
reixirt on its activities in Americanization. This, with the intention 
tlial each State group should be kept in touch with all State activities. 

A careful division of duties was made in order to provide a 
safe basis for the intelligent consideration of the life as the immi- 
grant is affected by housing, industry, recreation, child welfare, edu- 
cation, citizenship, patriotism.. In this way it was hoped that each 
organization would glimpse, at least, one particular part of the prob- 
lem of Americanization. 

Thirty county chairmen of Americanization were appointed in 
counties having a considerable number of immigrants. These counties 
were asked to ascertain the necessities for adult education, mother's 
classes, recreations, kindergartens, patriotic meetings and community 
singing in the foreign quarters and to see that immigrant women 
had opportunity to co-operate in helpful war service. 

For the information of this department one bulletin was printed, 
and seventeen pamphlets and circular letters were sent out, through 
the office of the State Commission of Immigration and Housing. 

Thus the department began to function but the counties were 

40 



sooii completely occupied by the constant war orders which succeeded 
each other rapidly and occupied all of the women to the exclusion 
of sustained effort in any one direction. However, these orders gave 
special opportunity for approach to the immigrant and the county 
reports show tliat these opportunities were met most intelligently by 
the Americanization Committees. In food-pledge campaigns patient 
women toiled from door to door, making a connection with each 
foreign born home, explaining the food necessity and asking co- 
operation. In this way new points of contact were established and, 
best of all, the American women found themselves at a disadvan- 
tage — realized what it ivas to need immediate help and yet lack the 
power to ask for it. 

This situation led to seeking the co-operation of foreign leaders 
in each community — to urging the foreign w^omen themselves to join 
the drives for Thrift Stamps, Liberty Loan, Red Cross and Relief 
Funds (where they were most successful). 

Community singing was a broad field of endeavor and amply 
rewarded every community which attempted it — for song is the uni- 
versal language. 

And the patriotic eelebrations, with their many flags, evidenced 
the joy of the foreign born at the invitation to be a part and not an 
adjunct of America. 

Three war activities were of inestimable value in bringing to- 
gether the womanhood of the state: — 

Food Conservation, 

Red Cross, 

The (Children's Year. 

In Food Conservation, it needed only interpretation to gain 
intelligent conservation in which the foreign born women held their 
own in understanding and in the contribution of valuable suggestions. 

In the Red Cross, women of all lands became — patient with and 
tolerant of each other — Americanized as they gave personal service 
for the soldiers of all lands — the American Army. 

The Children's Year, dear to every woman's heart, was, and 
still is, the most potent of all the Americanization movements as it 
goes to rich and poor, to native and foreign born with its safe and 
sane standards, its appeal to every mother to know the good points 
of body and mind in 100 per cent children — with its appeal to Cali- 
fornia to help save 100,000 children. Think of this as a door opener 
and a talking point in the homes of the land ! Because of these 
unusual opportunities of approach to the foreign home and the 
foreign women and because through them a fine understanding and 
friendship was established in many counties between American 
women and the women of foreign homes, there is no regret over any 
change in plans — even if the product of the strenuous work cannot 
be measured accurately— spirit cannot be measured. 

When, in May of last year the work of this department was 
absorbed by the Commission of Immigration and Housing of Cali- 
fornia, as the Americanization Committee of the State, the women 
of the counties were intelligent upon the general subject of American- 
ization, and ready to go forward valiantly. 

41 



The county reports show a fme understanding of the duty of 
the state, to the foreign born part of its population, and a new sense 
of values, which is most encouraging to those who must go forward 
with the task of making America a unified nation. 

The intelligent interest of the women is shown by the following 
Americanization program of reconstruction, adopted by the "Women's 
Committee : 

A MERIC ANIZ ATION 

We are deeply interested in Americanization and recommend as 
basic to the assimilation of the immigrant now here and to come : 
First: 

a. Opportunity to settle on the land with proper State assist- 
ance in choosing and securing that land, and with additional assist- 
ance from the County Farm Advisor in the farming methods necessary 
in a new country. 

b. Industrial justice in wages, hours and sanitary surroundings, 
and safety conditions in shops and camps. 

c. Proper housing. 
Second : 

Educational Opportunity : 

a. In schools and libraries. 

b. In shops, manufactories and camps. 

c. In homes and neighborhood centers. 

This educational opportunity should recognize the helplessness 
of adults who do not know our language and prepare them for prac- 
tical life. This will require a new educational scheme, new hours, 
and above all, new and practical methods; all of which requires 
knowledge of the psychology of the immigrant. 

Unless the basic recommendation (First A. B. C), are met, 
there will be failure in assimilation, as it is impossible to secure 
loyalty and love of country in people who are social discontents. No 
amount of English education will overcome un-American conditions 
offered by employers. American standards in industry are thi 
swiftest possible Americanizers. 

The Women's Committee is especially interested in the American- 
ization of the homes of California and for that reason recommends 
that all possible effort be made to reach the foreign-speaking women. 

a. In their homes by home teachers. 

b. In groups in schools, clubs, libraries, neighborhood centers 
for general education and by Community singing and pageants. 

SUMMARY 

07'ganization: 

State Department of Americanization formed in May, 1917. 

Chairman member of State Commission of Immigration and 
Housing. 

Committee representatives of ten national and state organiza- 
tions. 

Thirty county chairmen appointed in counties with greatest 
immigrant population. 

42 



Drives for < 



Organizations for 



Ohjed: 

A. Education of the women of the state in the philosophy of 
Americanization. 

B. Study of iinmigrant conditions and the energizing of the 
state in ways to meet those conditions. 

Gmdcmce: 

Guidance was given through a bulletin, 7 letters, 17 pamphlets, 
and by speakers who took advantage of all opportunities to address 
groups. 

The definite work of the department soon merged into the swift 
succession of war orders, which gave special Americanization ap- 
proaches : — 

"Food pledges 
Thrift stamps 
Liberty Loan 
Red Cross 
Relief funds 
Home Economics classes 
Community singing 
Patriotic meetings 
^Children's Year Program 
were all conducted with enthusiasm. 

The active co-operation of the foreign women was asked and 
obtained and the resulting education was valuable alike to the native 
and foreign born women. 

In May, 3918, the County Committees were released in order 
to leave the field clear for organization by the State Conunission 
of Immigration and Housing which had been appointed by the 
Americanization (Committee for that purpose. 

CHILDREN'S YEAR 
Dr. Adelaide Brown, Chairman 

The Children's Year Committee was appointed in April, 1918, 
and began its work April 26th. The work of this Committee was 
supported by a fund of ^^5,000.00 from the State Board of Control, 
to be devoted to the better conditions for the health of children under 
six years of age in the State. 

The offices were selected at 323 Haight Street, and an executive 
secretary employed. The choice of this location has proved through- 
out the year a very helpful one, as it is in the building where the 
best established and oldest Children's Health Center in the State 
holds its weekly clinics, — thus serving as a constant demonstration 
to county visitors that a Children's Health Center is in equipment, 
and what its value to the community is in the better development 
of childhood. 

During the m.onths of June and July there was organized and 
carried on in the State, in 39 Counties and in the Cities of Los 
Angeles, Pasadena and Richmond — handled as units — a "Weighing 

43 



and Measuring Drive which covered 53,462 children. Of these, — 

47% showed defects, 

29% were helow height and weight, as given on the National 
Card, 
6% showed abnormal conditions of teeth, 

31% abnormal conditions of tonsils and adenoids. 

At these drives the National Card was furnished to each mother; 
in addition, she received the Diet Slips, issued by the Children's 
Year, corresponding to the age of her child. Ten thousand copies 
of the State Board of Health Bulletin for Children's Year were 
circulated at the various drives. In all, 120,000 Dietaries have been 
printed to cover the two drives of Children's Year. These Dietaries 
have also been printed in Spanish and Italian, in smaller numbers. 

The Counties throughout the State have been urged to con- 
sider the establishment of a Public Health Nurse in each County, 
and to establish a Children's Health Center. Five Public Health 
Nurses have been established in the State as a result of this drive, — 
two in Tulare County, two in Santa Clara County, and one in Sonoma 
County. Great interest in better rural conditions has been created 
in many of the Coanties of the State. A strong emphasis has been 
given to the establishment of well baby clinics in existing medical 
clinic centers. In addition, the typical Children's Health Center 
has been established at 22 Centers in the State. 

The Influenza epidemic has prevented the development of this 
side of the work as we had hoped, but no doubt the spring drive 
wall see the Centers more firmly established. It is our plan to urge 
the af^liation, as workers at these Centers, of the Household Eco- 
nomies women teaching in the High Schools or in Normal Schools, 
so that a Nutrition Clinic may be part of the privilege given the 
woman who consults the Center in regard to the better home condi- 
tions which should surround her child. 

During the year we have issued three Bulletins, — One, on Child 
Labor and Education, which gives publicity to the new Legislation 
on Child Labor, which we hope will be adopted at the coming 
Legislature. 

The Second, a Bulletin on the Mental Training of the Young 
Child, which is written in line with the most advanced ideas of child 
psychology, and, as one of our Chairmen expresses it, — "should be 
read and re-read at least once a week for several months by every 
mother of young children." 

Third, our Rural School Bulletin, which gives the digest of 
ten talks to the rural school teacher, to which she is urged to in- 
vite the mothers of cliildren under six years of age in her district. 
She is also supplied with literature on the various subjects of these 
talks, as well as a synopsis in the Bulletin. 

We have had the cordial co-operation of the State Board of 
Education and of the Count}'- Superintendents of Schools in this 
Program, and we will cover over 3000 rural schools, with children 
under 30 in numl)er. and one teacher. This distribution will be 
completed by January 1st. Over 2000 packages have already gone 

44 



out. Each package includes the Button of Children's Year, and 
12 pieces of literature as well as a bunch of the Fliers on "Better 
Children for California." 

In connection with Ihe University of California, a set of Public 
Health Lectures- -15 in number — will be given during January and 
February, under the University Extension Division, in San Francisco, 
on Scientific Motherhood. 

Your (Jhairman has spoken before organizations in Marin 
County, Contra Costa County, the University of California fresh- 
man women, San Mateo County, the San Francisco Civic Center, at 
the meeting of the Council of Defense at Mills College, and has 
done constructive work at two meetings with the Chairman of Sacra- 
mento County: she also attended the State Fair at Sacramento for 
two days and assisted in the weighing and measuring drive con- 
ducted there by the State Board of Control Children's Agency. 

Chairmen of Children's Year and County Chairmen have visited 
headquarters many times through the year, and Public Health Nurses 
ar(- closely in contact with the office. The University Course in 
Public Health Nursing sent its nurses over for an hour during the 
summer term, in small divisions. The University Extension Cor- 
respondence Course on "Scientific Motherhood" will be ready in 
January. 

The Children's Year Committee wishes, as the culmination of 
its work for Children's Year, to secure for the State of California 
an appropriation from the next Legislature for a Bureau of Child 
Hygiene, to be developed under expert medical leadership as a Bureau 
of the State Board of Health. With these permanent accomplish- 
ments, your Committee will feel that California has profited by the 
generosity of the State Board of Control, and by the wonderful co- 
operation v/hich the other State Agencies, — in the Board of Educa- 
tion, the J^oard of Health, and State Library, — have given the 
Program. 

We have brought out a list of books on "Scientific Motherhood," 
of which 500 copies have been circulated in the State through the 
Libraries, their Community Branches and School Districts. 

A great contribution to the power of this Committee to cover 
the State .so tiioroughly has been the franking privilege, given to 
its Chairman by the Children's Bureau. Without this, much larger 
inroads on our funds would have come under the item of "Postage." 
This privilege was not given until after the first drive was over. 

The statistical report of Children's Year was published by the 
Cliairman in the Journal of the State Medical Society, and 96 re- 
])rints of the same have heen sent to Dr. Jessica B. Peixotto, Chief 
Child Conservation Section, Field Division, Washington, D. C, at 
her request, to be used in the encouragement of other States for 
similar work. The County Chairmen and Children's Year Chairmen 
have received the same, and also the Executive Officers of the 
Women's Committee. 

The enormous detail work entailed in circularizing to the ex- 
tent this Program has required would have been impossible except 
for the continuous volunteer service of the members of the League 

45 



for "Women's Service and of the Business Women's Association. 
]\Iany days' work has been donated to the Committee by these two 
organizations, and without their help much activity would have been 
curtailed. 

The Children's Year Program has received donations of Posters 
from the Children's Bureau and Women's Committee of the Council 
of National Defense, from the Child Hygiene Bureau of the State 
Board of Health at Topeka, Kansas, and we have issued one Poster, 
which will be used in the next drive, bringing home the concrete 
lessons of Children's Year. Generous donations of literature have 
also been given to us for distribution by the State Board of Health, 
the State Board of E<lucation, and the Bureau of Tuberculosis; also 
the Children's Bureau at Washington. 

The following is the financial report to November 30th, 1918, — 

Rent $ 73.00 

Salaries 829.67 

Traveling Expenses 167.31 

Telephone 42.16 

Express 84.23 

Postage 160.30 

Telegrams 8.56 

Office Furnishings 122.98 

Printing 1,621.97 

State Purchasing Department 46.32 

Heating 2.95 

Miscellaneous Service 317.47 



$3,476.92 

EDUCATION 

Mrs. 0. Shepard Barnum, Chairman 

The Education Department of the California Women's Commit- 
tee of th(> State Council of Defense has been organized in fifty-four 
counties of tlie State. School superintendents, board members and 
teachers have served on committees or actively co-operated. The 
State Board of Education financed the Department throughout and 
in every way aided its undertakings. Special thanks are due the 
Commissioner of Elementary Schools, Dr. M. S. McNaught, who 
rendered indefatigable and expert service as its first chairman. 

In 1917 the Education Department joined with the Department 
of Child Welfare — Miss Evelyn Stoddart, Chairman — in an endeavor 
to protect the children of California from the forces of disintegration 
which the nations longer in the war had found seriously menacing 
education and juvenile well-being. To this end, a circular letter and 
'itiuestionnaire were prepared and sent to all Education and Child 
Welfare county chairmen — for distribution by them to all school 
districts. This questionnaire and "follow-up" letters to individuals, 
from five to fourteen each, sought to get the facts about school en- 
rollment, number of children out of school, number at work, the 

46 



extent to which war conditions were forcing children to work, the 
"leakage" between elementary and high schools, and certain other 
matters. 

In forty-six counties this investigation was carried on by county 
and district workers. The returns were most illuminating, and the 
interest aroused and problems revealed will result in continued effort. 
Practically all teachers reached responded "yes" to the questions. 
"Will you make an effort to keep in touch with the children who 
leave school before they are sixteen, that plans may be made for 
their return to school when practicable?" 

As was anticipated, the impossibility of getting by volunteer 
methods accurate statistical information concerning the children of 
the State demonstrated the imperative need for remedial legislation. 
Because of difficulties in organization ten counties, including the 
two largest cities, were not fully covered. The most strenuous effort 
in other counties left some "blanks." 

The following statistical returns of the questionnaire are most 
useful as an index of conditions : 

Three thousand seven hundred and sixty-seven children between 
six and sixteen were reported out of school. 

Three thousand two hundred and twenty children between six 
and sixteen were reported as so irregular in attendance as to be 
unable to do effective work. 

One thosand nine hundred and fourteen children between twelve 
and sixteen, graduates of elementary schools, were reported as not 
attending high school. 

Six hundred and twenty-nine children between six and sixteen 
seemed "forced out of school and into work by the necessities of 
their families." 

Many districts had migratory "seasonal" workers whose chil- 
dren's education was a most uncertain quantity. 

In many districts groups of foreign born were not fully reached 
by the forces of Education and Americanization. 

In general, this State-wide survey conducted by the Education 
and Child Welfare Departments in 1917-1918 demonstrated several 
things: First, that numbers of children were out of school; second, 
that the exact number was not kno^\Ti in various districts or coun- 
ties — consequently not in the State; third, that no means exist under 
the present laws for accurately determining this vital matter. School 
attendance records are based on school enrollment. There is a gap 
of unknown proportions between school enrollment and the total 
population of children of school age. Fourth, the most elaborate 
and conscientious volunteer effort can get only approximate results 
in any form of statistics. If it is important that the state should 
have accurate accounting of its richest assets — its children — then the 
state must provide an adequate legal system for the purpose. 

The methods used in Alameda County are of permanent sug- 
gestive value and certain results there obtained indicated the need 
of specilic legislation. 

In Oakland, Alameda County, with the assistance of the At- 
tendance OfScer of the Oakland Board of Education, and the 

47 



Woman's Army, a real school attendance census of children up to 
the age of eighteen was carried out. The Board of Education fur- 
nished the blanks, and the expert advice for their "make-up;" the 
Woman's Army furnished the house-to-house volunteer service, 
"Lieutenants" visiting the households, reporting back to their "Cap- 
tains," the "Captains" to their "Majors," and they in turn to 
the "Commander-in-Chief." She, again with the assistance of the 
School Attendance Ofificer, compiled at once some of the results. Tfiis 
compilation of all the items is still going on in the School Ofifice. 
One of the Blanks is hereto appended. 

Publicity was generously given the Drive by both the news- 
papers and the Moving Picture Theaters. One of the "slogans" 
shown on the screens in the Theaters read : 

"kp:ep our children in school." 

LTncle Sam knows how many mules there are in Oakland. He 
does not know how many children there are in Oakland. 
Will you help him find out? 
A house-to-house Canvass by the Woman's 
Army will begin next week. 
Give all the help you can. 
Some of the results follow: 

In Oakland, May, 1918. 

Boys and Girls from 14-18 years of age not in school — 1802. 

Reasons for leaving school (percentages) — 

Economic Necessity 33% 

Failure, Dissappointment in School, etc 10% 

Sickness 10% 

Parents' Wish, Business Opportunity, etc. . . .31% 
[Jnknown and Miscellaneous 16% 

100% 
Character of Work now engaged in (percentages) — 

Errands, Delivery, etc 4% 

Public Service Corporations 6% 

Office, Mercantile, Retail 19% 

Electrical, Mechanical, Factory ,ete 32% 

Housework, Dressmaking, Laundry, etc 10% 

Miscellaneous 9% 

Unknown, or Temporarily Out 13% 

Not working at all 7% 

100% 
This remarkable liouse-to-house canvass revealed many curious 
and significant things ; that about 60 per cent of the children under 
18 in Oakland are of foreign birth or have foreign born parents; 
that 1,051 fathers could not read or write English ; that 1,249 mothers 
could not read or Avrite English ; that 560 fathers could not read 
or write any language: that 600 mothers could not read or write 



any language. Fifteen native born Californians were found who 
could not read or write any language yet had children under 18. 

The need of continued and extended Americanization work was 
demonstrated. Also the need of stronger school attendance laws and 
stricter enforcement. The statistics for children from 14' to 18 show 
conclusively the need for more Continuation schools and for legis- 
lation that will make effective the opportunities for Continuation 
schools and pai't time now afforded by the Smith-Hughes law. 

All children should ])e located and their educational status 
ascertained. All cliildren between eight and fifteen should be estab- 
lished or re-established in school— likewise all children between eight 
and sixteen who have not completed required grades. The schools 
should readjust their material and methods to meet vocational needs. 
All children and youths between eight and eighteen — or even twenty- 
one — should be occupied in a way that affords real educational ad- 
vancement, and promise for a prosperous future. During the Recon- 
struction period, many problems concerning laboi- will be perplexing. 
One phase, however, seems perfectly clear. It will be for the best 
interests of the individual and the state if all young people under 
eighteen — or twenty-one — promptly leave their "jobs" for adult 
workers and return to school until they have been thoroughly trained 
in some skilled occupation. Much attention and help will be re- 
quired to accomplish this; if it is not accomplished the labor market 
will be needlessly congested and hundreds of boys and girls drift 
along into the hopeless future of the unskilled. 

The official bulletin of the State Department of Education — the 
Blue Bulletin — has been used to explain and circulate accounts of 
the activities of the Women's Committee of the State Council of 
Defense since its organization. This Bulletin reaches every super- 
intendent, high school, elementary school, and school trustee dn 
the state. Two text-book bulletins entitled "War Citizenship Les- 
sons for the Elementary Schools" have been prepared by Dr. ]\Ic- 
Naught and issued by the Board of Education. The following sub- 
jects are treated in these bulletins and are taught to the children 
as regular school lessons : 

Part 1. 

"The Cause of the War." 

"What America Fights For." 

"The Service of Boys and Girls." 

Part 2. 

"The Flag." 
"Food Production." 
"Food and the War." 
"Physical Fitness for Citizenship." 
In 1917, a plan for providing "war scholarships" was insti- 
tuted — giving children forced to earn because of war conditions a 
wage-equivalent and keeping them in school. In one city about 

49 



$500,00 was raised for this purpose and between fifteen and twenty 
children kept in school. Others were aided in other ways and in co- 
operation with other agencies. 

Systematic efforts were made by conference and letters to impress 
young women with the importance and opportunity of trained lead- 
ership — and a consequent desire to enter normal schools, nurses' 
training schools, technical schools, and colleges. 

Because maximum efficiency in school work is manifestly in- 
dispensable for national welfare during war and reconstruction 
periods, all Education chairmen were asked to assist actively in 
safeguarding school funds and securing substantial increase in school 
support. 

The schools have done notable war work for the Junior Red 
Cross, for Americanization, for War Gardens, and for patriotic 
"drives." These activities have meant splendid opportunities for 
service, to which the entire school force has loyally responded; they 
have also meant increased financial obligations. Moreover, increased 
cost of supplies of all sorts, of repairs, of janitor service, etc., has 
seriously embarrassed school budgets. Teachers' salaries have un- 
fortunately remained stationary and this in turn has caused diffi- 
culty — and shortage in some most needed lines (especially voca- 
tional), because the school boards could not possibly compete with 
other employers offering greatly increased remuneration — in some 
instances twice the maximum salary that the school could offer. 

It is the hope of all dexjartments of the Women's Committee 
of the State Council of Defense that after the demobilization of 
the Committee their work may be perpetuated by permanent State 
departments or be assured by legislation. The State Department 
of Education is in full accord with the committee's patriotic and 
social service aims and purposes. Excellent legislative measures 
are now pending that will meet many of the needs above indicated : 
amendments to the Compulsory Attendance law ; a proposed law re- 
quiring a complete registration of all children and youth under 
twenty-one; a measure providing for compulsory education in part 
time, or continuation schools for all minors between fourteen and 
eighteen not attending full time schools ; a measure requiring in- 
struction in reading, writing and speaking the English language and 
in American Citizenship for all minors under twenty-one : several 
supremely important measures for the increase of state and county 
school funds. 

By actively supporting these measures and helping to eiiforce 
them the education workers of the Women's Committee of the State 
Council of Defense can carry forward into the period of Recon- 
struction and into the future of the children and of the State the 
helpful service for democracy and humanity that has actuated them 
during the critical years of the War. 



50 



EDUCATIONAL PROPAGANDA 

Mrs. Mii.a Tupper Mayna^rd^ Chairman 
Mrs. J. C. Crawford, Yire-Choirman 

This Department, in line with a Committee of the National 
Woman's Committee, was organized to secure a more detailed and 
complete knowledge of the history back of the war, the issues and 
principles involved in the struggle, and the enlarging ideals growing 
out of the supreme conflict. It was felt that the many activities of 
the war must not crowd out efforts to make plain to every man, 
woman and child the nature of the German Government, its world- 
wide conspiracy against the freedom of mankind, and the tremendous 
cause for which the Allies were fighting. Complete co-operation in 
all activities could only come from an almost universal understanding 
of the enormous results for weal or for woe that would follow success 
or failure in that momentou.; upheaval. 

The work of the Department has fallen under the following 
lines : 

lecture bureaus 

A group of speakers, fitted by experience as students and speak- 
ers to discuss the more fundamental background issues of the war, 
were listed. Under the State Organization there were two chief 
centers for this work — Los Angeles and San Francisco. In each of 
the Counties and in many of the cities and towns, similar groups 
of lecturers were enlisted. 

Through a bulletin, four thousand copies of which were dis- 
tributed throughout the State, the names and addresses of these 
lecturers were given and arrangements made with them direct. It 
is impossible, therefore, to give accurately the number of lectures 
delivered under this head, but conservatively estimated, the number 
of lectures delivered in person by our enlisted speakers would be 
fully five hundred. 

Subjects assigned to these lecturers were not miscellaneous in 
character, but covered the carefully planned survey of the big issues 
at stake. One series dealt with the German Peril. Other typical 
topics were "Poetry Born of the "War," "Psychology of the War," 
"What We Owe to English Freedom," "By-Products of the War," 
etc, 

MAJSrUSCRTPT LECTURES 

The most original and widely effective work developed by the 
Department was a bureau for the circulation of manuscript lectures 
suitable for use in women's clubs, community centers, Red Cross 
]\Iectings, and in similar gatherings. The need was felt for material 
which could be depended upon as authoritative. Forty-three lectures 
were thus listed, all of them well adapted to popular delivery as 
well as "full of meat." 

Card catalogues and filing systems were developed. These 
lectures were sent at the time required, 

. . 51 . . 



Much appreciation of this work has been expressed and the 
work has been growing rapidly. About fifty clubs are depending 
upon this bureau for their programs, some of them for their year's 
work. The demand has come from Canada, Nevada and Arizona, 
as well as in California. 

SUMMER SCHOOLS 

A request was sent out by the Department to all Summer Schools 
held by Colleges and Normal Schools, urging fullest emphasis upon 
war topics. At the request of the University of California, speakers 
were supplied by this Department for a course of lectures in the 
Los Angeles Summer School. In this, and in every Summer School, 
outlines were supplied for public speaking, history and English 
classes, In a Los Angeles Summer night school two classes were 
carried on by this Department — one dealing with the History and 
Literature of the War, the other in public speaking on war topics. 
Students took both courses and, as a result, eighteen new speakers 
were added to the number available in Los Angeles for the various 
war drives. Some fifty others, besides these, were members of the 
classes. 

WORK THROUGH THE SCHOOLS 

Through the "Sierra Educational News," a list of war speakers 
for graduation papers and orations was sent to all the teachers in 
the State. Three thousand outlines, suitable for College and High 
school use, Avere distributed among the teachers. 

The Chairman of the Department has been supplying the edi- 
torials for the Los Angeles School War Work Paper and has been 
able in this way to suggest the topics most suitable for emphasis 
from month to month. 

COMMUNITY COUNCn.S 

Much has been done to co-operate in arousing an interest in 
Community Council efforts. County Superintendents were circular- 
ized, urging their co-operation in this work. The National pamphlets 
on the Councils were distributed widely throughout the State. 

CO-OPERATION WITH COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC INFORMATION 

To push the material supplied by the Committee on Public In- 
formation has seemed an important part of our work. All County 
and Local Chairmen were sent packages of the National order blanks 
and the catalogue of publications, for distribution, preferably in 
house-to-house visits. 

Large quantities of the panipldets were constantly on display 
and for distribution in the State Headquarters. Scores of people 
came to this source for supplies, daily. 

The Allied War Exposition gave a great opportunity. This 
Committee was placed in full charge of the distrilmtion of the mate- 
rials supi)lied Iw the Committee on Public Information, and One 
Hundred Thousand cards and catalogues were distributed at its 
Headquarters. Well-informed attendants made this distribution oc- 

52 



casion for conversation regarding facts and issues of the war. All 
Southern California was in this way reached by the publications of 
the Government. 

At the State Fair and in five other fairs or expositions, a similar 
work was done. 

pIjAns for future w^ork 

What can be done for the future remains to be seen. Possi- 
bilities show in all directions and it is greatly to be hoped that some 
instrumentality will be found for the continuation of one depart- 
ment especially — Manuscript Lecture Bureau. The call has already 
begun for prepared lectures on Reconstruction problems. This, we 
have tried to meet promptly through matter appearing in newspaper 
supplements and the general press. 

Two hundred and twenty-five articles have already been sent 
out to clubs. These have dealt with Secretary Lane's plans for 
giving land to returned soldiers; the new post truck parcel post 
system and a discussion of methods now in operation in Great 
Britain. 

These will be followed by pamphlets now ordered, giving several 
views regarding the "League of Nations." One of these is by Vis- 
count Grey and anotlier — "A New Charter of Liberty," by Darwin 
P. Kingsley, President of the New York Life Insurance Company. 

Whatever we shall be able to obtain also on material tending 
to give a sympathetic knowledge of the Allied Nations will also be 
forwarded to all clubs on our list. 

The possibilities of usefulness involved in the supplying mate- 
rial for clubs and groups in isolated places are unlimited. Some 
instrumentality must be discovered for perpetuating this phase of 
the department work. 

FOOD ad:\iinistration 

IVTrs. Robert J. Burdette, Chairnuin 

The Food Administration commenced its activities in California 
in June, 19] 7, when ]\lr. Ralph P. Merritt, afterwards the Food Ad- 
ministrator for the State, was appointed one of Mr. Ploover's ten 
assistants. The State organization was not perfected until August 
after the Food Bill was signed by Congress. However, the first 
activity of the Food Administration in California was the Food 
Pledge Campaign which was carried on by the Women's Committee 
in July — 43,499 signatures being secured. 

In the organization of the State Food Administration work made 
in August there were two departments for women, the Women's 
Conservation Section and the Department of Household Economics. 
The burden of Food Conservation for the State was placed upon 
the Women's Committee as the Women's Conservation Section M^as 
the Food Conservation Committee of the Women's Committee. Miss 
Ethel Moore of Oakland was appointed head of the Women's Con- 
servation Section. She acted as the connecting link between the 
Food Administration and the women of California as represented 

53 



by the Women's Committee, until November 27th, 1917, when the 
entire State Food Administration system was reorganized. 

On December 7, 1917, Mrs. Robert J. Burdette was appointed 
as the head of the Board of Women's Activities in Food Con- 
servation with the title of Chairman of Women's Work in Food 
Conservation. The Women's Committee immediately appointed her 
Chairman of the Department of Food Administration. 

When the Chairman assumed the duties of her office on Decem- 
ber 9, 1917, she immediately began a survey of the State in order to 
find women in each County who might direct the food conservation 
work among women. Correspondence was carried on with the 
County Chairmen of the Women's Committee, asking for the names 
of women who had been interested in food conservation, and seeking 
in various ways to find the outstanding woman in each county and 
each large city who might be appointed as Woman Director of Food 
Conservation, and thus establish a transmission line between the 
Food Administration and the Householders of the State who are the 
ultimate consumers. 

The Chairman of Department of Food Administration served 
as one of the Commissioners on a par with the men of the State 
Food Administration staff so the Woman Director of each county 
or city served on an equality with the men Administrators who 
were appointed to look after the licensing. The Food Administrator 
and the Woman Director together were responsible for the food con- 
servation work of their respective unit. 

There was also in these units, the necessity of expert and tech- 
nical training through Home Economics which was to be extended 
by the Home Economics Chairman with a Demonstrating Agent from 
the Agricultural Department of the State University, an accurate 
and scientific knowledge of methods of food conservation was to be 
given. Both of these were to co-operate with the Woman Director, 
whose duty it was to find groups of women who desired instruction 
and contact them with these important educational features. 

The duties of the Women Directors were outlined in a letter on 
December 20, 1917, as follows: 

(a) Exert a leadership in matters of Food Conservation and 
waste elimination, co-operating with all existing agencies in her 
locality. 

(b) Send out information, cards and instructions which from 
time to time reach her from the Food Administration office, and to 
keep this office informed as to the educational needs of her particular 
unit. 

(c) Receive and transmit complaints of consumers, verifying 
the same, to act as a clearing house between the Food Administration 
and the consumers and the householders and the women interested 
in food conservation. 

Seeing the necessity of blanketing the entire territory for the 
particular work of Conservation, the Women Directors were in- 
structed to appoint in each City and in each rural district and school 
district a Woman Chairman of Food Conservation, who reported to 
the Woman Director of the County. These Chairmen in each unit 

54 



were to receive all inforination, instruction, literature and direction 
as to policy from the Woman Director for the unit and to report in 
turn to the Woman Director who appointed them. 

Early in January a Proclamation was issued by the Governor 
of the State and sent to the teachers in the public schools asking them 
to use not less than five minutes each INIonday morning to give in- 
struction and information concerning Food Conservation, and sug- 
gesting that teachers of grammar and high schools require of their 
pupils prepared essays on the subject of Food Conservation, the 
same to be read before their classes. A pamphlet was prepared in 
the Food Administration office giving the outlines of these talks 
for teachers, and sent to approximately eleven thousand teachers, 
thus making California the first State in the Union to put Food 
Conservation unofficially on the school curriculum through the en- 
dorsement of the State Department of Education, which printed 
the Governor's Message on the first page of the Bulletin, the official 
school organ. 

January 29th the Women Directors were furnished with copies 
of this pamphlet and instructions were sent them to co-operate with 
the teachers and see that the mothers in the home had the same 
information as the children in the schools, thus greatly increasing the 
efficiency of this effort. 

Further suggestions were made to the Women Directors that all 
information be sent to their County Chairmen either by personal 
letters, mim.eographed letters, printed matter, or through any other 
means that they might choose for carrying to the ultimate consumer 
the last word. Suggestions were also made to get together small 
groups of women for the purpose of intimate explanation of the desire 
of the Food Administration. 

Suggestions were made also that Pastors of foreign-spealdng 
congregations be urged to talk Food Conservation to their congre- 
gations, and that where there were large groups of foreign-speaking 
households, a woman be secured who spoke the language and that 
she interpret to them Food Conservation as applied to their par- 
ticular food-stuflPs, and that foreign newspapers be asked to print 
Food Conservation material, and space be secured in the weekly 
County papers for a direct message from the Woman Director. 

This, added to the co-operation with all existing agencies, such 
as Women's Organizations, Churches, Schools, Libraries, Boy Scouts, 
Fraternal Orders, Relief and Aid Societies, Farm Bureaus, and Civic 
Organizations, made the complete machinery for reaching each and 
every consumer of food-stuffs. 

In January a report was made at Mr. Merritt's request to be 
embodied in his report to Washington, and it outlined the policy 
being pursued to build up a strong and efficient Women's Oganiza- 
tion ; recognizing the fact that food production, food industries, food 
distribution and food regulation can be controlled by rules and 
regulations more or less fixed, but that food conservation is a vol- 
untary act of the individual and must be approached by educational 
and psychological methods. 

55 



It being desirable that the field of education be enlarged as 
rapidly as possil)le, letters of suggestion and information, and 
literature sent to the Women Directors were also sent to the Executive 
Board of the Women's Committee of the National and State Coun- 
cils of Defense, Presidents of the State organizations composing the 
Women's Committee, the Chairmen of the Departments and Com- 
mittees constituting the State Women's Committee, these being sent 
for their information. 

Early February was given to personal addresses on the develop- 
ment of the "War-conscience" before mass meetings, before clubs, 
and at every opportunity that would create intelligent interest. 
During the month stationery was provided for the Women Directors ; 
War Service Hoover Luncheons were instituted throughout the State, 
thus bringing together representatives of various war activities in 
which women were taking part, to the end that there might be 
a closer co-operation. There was also emphasized the Wheat! ess 
Mondays and Wednesdays, Porkless Tuesdays and Saturdays and 
Meatless meals, together with various specific directions and sug- 
gestions as to methods of carrying on the work. 

March was given to further perfection of the organization. 
Many public addresses were given, notably before the Council of 
Defense, on Mobilization of the Household, March 22nd, and before 
the California Development Board. 

March 26th a conference was called in San Francisco Head- 
quarters of County and City Women Directors. -Forty Women re- 
sponded to the call. There were addresses made by the heads of 
the various Departments of the Food Administration, outlining their 
work, and every effort was made to increase the breadth of vision 
as to the interests served and the importance of their work, and the 
way all might co-operate. At this conference Mr. Merritt gave a 
Avonderfully inspiring talk and the Women Directors were impressed 
with their official position and the seriousness with which they must 
execute the duties which they were asked to perform. 

From. March to the present date, the outstanding activities of 
the Women Directors might be tabulated as an intensive drive for 
conservation of wheat by substitution; notably, the potato drive, a 
drive for the use of green vegetables, and the beginning of an 
educational campaign for conservation of sugar, especially in the 
canning of fruit with little or no sugar. 

In July the Women Directors were asked to become responsible 
for the issuing of permits for sugar for canning. This greatly en- 
larged the organization as it was necessary to have these permits 
issued with exact care in every community. About twelve hundred 
women assisted in this service and the continuance of it until 
November 9th was the largest specific piece of work done by the 
v.x-men of this organization during the entire year. 

The Women Directors assisted the Pood Administrators in build- 
ing up a series of mass meetings covering the entire State which 
were to carry on an educational campaign under the Speakers' 
Bureau. 

56 



Following that was the preparation for the delivery of the new 
home cards and v^indow cards which were to be delivered m person 
to each honschohhT. This required the building up of a precinct 
organization, in which about twelve tliousand women were to take 
part This was interrupted by the signing of the Armistice. 

Th.> last important work of the Women Directors was the co- 
operative preparation for World Relief Week, December 2nd to 7th. 

The Women Directors were called to San Francisco m con- 
ference, September 26th and November 22nd, for specific instruc- 
tion and much of it was given in the joint meeting of the Food 
Administrators and the Women Directors, thus finally bringing 
about a more perfect understanding and co-operation. The confer- 
ence of September 2Cth was to receive specific instructions concern- 
ino- the new food program for the coming year, together with in- 
formation gathered on the world's food condition and our relation 
to it. The conference of November 22nd was a preparation for the 
activities of World Relief Week. 

GIRLS' WAR SERVICE 

Miss Auce Moore, Chairman, to April, 1918 

Mjss Harkiette Rohbins, Chairman, November, 1918, to date 

The Girls' War Service Committee is composed of the State 
Chairman and two Vice-Chairmen representing the North and South 
respectively, and rcipresentatives of organizations promoting war 
service among girls. 

The function of the Committee is, first, as a medium through 
which information may be obtained and through which all forms of 
information relating to girls' service, suggestions, and help may 
reach all communities in the (^ounty. Hence the first duty of the 
Chairmen for Girls' War Service in the County is the securing of 
information from the communities in the County through the use 
of the questionnaires wliich are a part of the printed folder sent out. 

Second: To further all lines of Girls' War Service wherever 
it can lie of help. This will l)c. in many cases, simply a matter of co- 
operation with other organizations. The Junior Red Cross has ac- 
complished in such a splendid way the stimulation and carrying on 
of actual war service in the schools that in many instances the help 
of the Committee will not be needed among school girls, from the 
point of view of actually stimulating hand service. There ^vill be 
many groups of girls not in school who will need to be directed in 
war service. The Committee will work with other organizations 
such as the Red Cross, etc., to bring to the attention of all girls the 
need for their work. 

Third: To recognize the importance of directing girls' activities 
and thought toward standards that need to be emphasized in war 
time. This is important even in places far remote from training 
camps. The Committee is preparing suggestions for leaders of girls' 
groups including plans for girls' clubs, information regarding girls' 
organizations, suggestions for talks, and discussion in groups of 
girls, and various plans that will be helpful to those who wish to 

57 



inspire and help girls to be their best at this time. 

Many groups of girls all over the State are finding the Patriotic 
League pledge a power in emphasizing character standards, and 
strengthening tlie desire to be faithful in hand service. Since the 
Patriotic League is not an organization, it can be used in any or- 
ganized group of girls, or in schools as a means of interpreting to 
the girls the importance of character standards as a form of 
patriotism and the relationship of character to Patriotic service. 

Patriotic addresses have been given by the State Chairman in 
a number of High Schools and Private Schools, and the response from 
girls has been quite wonderful. 

The present Girls' War Service Chairman was appointed in 
November, 1918, after the position had been vacant for six months, 
and after the Women's Committee of the State Council of Defense 
was already looking forward to disbanding in the near future. 

A circular letter was sent to all County Chairmen, including 
a Questionnaire on the number of Patriotic Leagues in the County 
and the agencies equipped to do work for girls in the County. 

Responses of some sort were received from the following counties : 
Alameda, Kings, Marin, Nevada, Orange, Sacramento, San Bernar- 
dino, Stanislaus, Trinity and Ventura. 

Five of these counties seem to be of a somewhat similar kind 
as indicated by the reports, — with a scattered population and no 
permanent organization doing work for girls. These are : Kings, 
Marin, Nevada, Stanislaus and Trinity. In Kings County four units 
of C/ampfire Girls have been enlisted in all kinds of patriotic work. 
Nevada C(tunty had only the Victory Girls of the United War Work 
Campaign to report. The largest town in Stanislaus County had 
a Young Women's Community Club which was engaged in patriotic 
activities. Trinity County reports the Junior Red Cross in the 
schools, and one unit of Campfire Girls. 

Sacramento and Ventura Counties both report active Junior 
Red Cross chapters. A Patriotic League was established in the 
Sacramento High School, but it was later merged with the Junior 
Red Cross. 

In Sfin Bernardino County a number of Patriotic Leagues were 
organized. There were six in Redlands, and four in San Bernardino, 
and in both those ])laces they have now been converted into the 
Girl R( serves of the Y. W. C. A., so their future activities are cared 
for. ]n Ontario a Patriotic League was established in the high 
school with four hundred members. 

The Alameda County Chairman reports a large girls' club in 
Oakland organized under the War Camp Community Service. They 
use thi' Patriotic League pledge as a basis and have had a program 
including patriotic and community features. 

The Oakland Y. W. C. A. has taken over several Patriotic 
Leagues as Girl Reserves, also. 

Orange County has no permanent organization for girls, but 
their Girls' War Service League of Santa Ana sends a most inter- 
esting report, covering fifteen different activities which the girls of 
that town have engaged in to assist in the war work. 

58 



HEALTH AND RECREATION 

Miss Julia George, Chairman 

From the beorinning our work presented two main lines of 
activity : 

(a) ProtectiA'e work for girls. 

(b) Educational work in Social Hygiene. 

(a) rrotecti\e work for girls: Heedless and wayward girls 
flocked to the four main camp communities lured by the desire for 
amusement; by advertisements that promised easy work and "big 
money;" by the invitations of soldier friends; by the urging of some 
friend who had preceded them. 

Most of them came from small towns or from farms. They had 
little education, no special training. In most cases they left home 
against the wishes of their fainilies. When we met them they were 
beginning to drift into loose ways and to present individual prob- 
lems. Where possible, j^arents v/ere seen and persuaded to be recon- 
ciled to the absence of the daughter. Some families lived in other 
states. 

Some of the things learned fbout the homes were the following: 

Too much strictness; a nagging father, w^ho scolded at every- 
thing ; a father dead and the mother remarried ; utter lack of under- 
standing between the girl and tlie parents, with constant criticism 
upon each one's part; too many small brothers and sisters, whose 
caretaker the girl was forced to be; loneliness; too much dishwash- 
ing; quarrelling parents; father a drunkard; engaged to soldiers 
without consent or knowledge of the parents; desire to become pro- 
fessional entertainers opposed; Avrong ideas gathered from novels and 
movies; no i)roper recreation. In every case, the family relationship 
was disturbed. We know that under such conditions immorality 
may occur as merely misdirected natural instinct. The girls felt the 
dull tameness of the houu^ life, the lack of an understanding and 
sympathizing person in their life to adjust themselves to life's com- 
plexities. 

They heard coiistantly of that wonderful life within the camp 
communities, in which joy, excitement, dances, bright lights, laughter, 
soldiers, were ever present and within grasp. They could not resist 
the temptation and went away, later finding themselves stranded in 
a strange community. Most of the girls were untrained. To keep 
them out of the unskilled class, every etfort was made to train 
them and to put them into an occupation they would like, such as 
cashier, shampooer, clerk in department store, gymnastic teacher, 
swimming teacher, Avaitress. milliner at customers' houses, maker of 
children's dresses, stenography, maid in an officer's family, where 
the many army guests delighted her and gave her an incentive to 
do well. 

They were established in wholesome surroundings, with recreation 
and Red Cross activities for their leisure. In widely separated 
towns three home clubs undei' wise housemothers were patronized and 
became centers, where twelve lived and the rest came for much of 
their good times, to meet friends and to fill their lives with variety 
and color. 

59 



ivrany a character was steadied and trying crisis passed. After 
four or five months some were ready to return home contented and 
to take back a new spirit that changed the whole family outlook. 

A few were very perplexing problems, unwilling to hold a job, 
without habits of industry or discipline and somewhat handicapped 
mentally. Places wore found for them under supervision. Two of 
them have returned to their families and continue to embroider fine 
linens for a h^an Francisc shop. 

During the year and a half there were 185 girls with whom 
we came in contact. Seventy- live came from counties in Northern 
California; v^l from those in Southern California; 29 from other 
states; 40 were difficult to intlueiKe; 25 married; 17 disappeared 
(2 I recently found in San Diego in questionable surroundings, but 
have them now under my charge :n Sail Francisco) ; 170 were placed 
in positions; 35 were given special training; and $2,650 was spent 
in this piece of social service v/ork. 

(b) Social Hygiene: After an encouraging beginning, the cam- 
paign of lectures were interrupted by the influenza, but now will be 
resumed at once, gradually reacliing every County. 

The National Bureau is continuing to finance the work under 
a group of competent lecturers. The National Public Health Service 
assists by Issuing admirable pauiphlets, which will be distributed at 
the meetings. 

Partly by reason of contacts made through the girls, I have 
acquired a growing eonfidenial correspondence with anxious mothers 
eager to answer a daughter's questions, but now knowing how. 

Leaders of the Social Hygien-^ movement met in New York in 
honor of a French worker, Mme. de St. Croix. The conclusions of 
the conference were fonmdated and expressed in the following prin- 
ciples : 

That the singli- standard of morals should prevail for men and 
women. 

Tliat continence is compatible with health and intellectual vigor 
('or both sexes. 

Tlunt men and women should serve together whenever possible 
on l)cdies whose functions concern the development and enforcement 
of moral standards. 

That prostitutes l)e not treated as a class apart from other 
women and that prostitution be not recognized as a trade. (Relates 
(\specially to foreign countries.) 

That all measures whether preventive or repressive concerned 
with social morality, apply impartially to men and women. 

That a simultaneous vigorous attack on venereal diseases should 
be made, and that the issues of public health and morals be thoroughly 
correlated. 

That sound sex educ;ition be incorporated into our entire educa- 
tional system in home, school, college, the church, and press. 

That social and economic adjustments granting to the individual 
decent living conditions ar;d adequate recreation are essential to 
progress in social mcrality. These adjustments including housing 

60 



conditions; indnstiial conditions including work and wages; and 
proper and sufficient recreational opportunities. 

The result w^s the appointment of an international committee. 

The Avar is barely over, but already we see wartime control of 
vice and liquor relaxing under civil authorities and realize more 
than ever that the nation's fight for the repression of prostitution 
and the education about venereal diseases is just begun and must 
grow into a big .social and economic movement backed by the United 
States Public Health Service and the Bureau of Social Hygiene, and 
pushed onward l)y every rightly thinking man and woman. 

HOME ECONOMICS 
Miss Charlotte Ebbetts, Chairman 

In fifty-two of the fifty-eight counties, there have been Chairmen 
of Home Economics teachers working in conjunction with the Count}' 
Chairmen in some places, and in others, with the Woman Director 
for Food Conservation. 

In thirty-four counties, there have been County Chairmen of 
Home Economics working for conservation of household agencies 
other than food. 

The accomplishments have been of the following type : 

1. All over the State Vv'ithout asking aid from Washington, 
Standard recipes were revised to meet the need of conserving such 
foods as were called for by the Government, such as: Beef, Pork, 
fats, sugar and wheat. 

2. Demonstrations involving the use of substitute foods were 
held in every school in which Domestic Science was taught — in stores, 
lialls, church basements, and in clubs. There was always in the be- 
ginning a large attendance of students and in many instances, of 
friends, parents and outsiders. 

3. In six of the larger citii^s, notably Los Angeles, Santa Bar- 
bara, Fresno, San Jose, San Frnncisco and Berkeley, a definite as- 
sembly hall was provided. In Los Angeles the Women's Committee 
granted the use of its audience room to the County Chairman of 
Home Economics, IMiss Etta P. Flagg, who held weekly meetings 
for the Home Econondcs teachers of her district, and the public. 
Miss Flagg was ably assisted by the representative of the States 
Relation Service Department, Mrs. Hazzard. Demonstration Agent 
for Los Angeles County. 

In San Francisco, under the leadership of Mrs. M. Silverberg 
a two months' Institute of Cookery was held in the Audience Hall 
of the Emporium Department Store. These meetings were always 
well attended, and much interest shown, by women from all stations 
of society. In all other towns afore mentioned there was similar 
work going on and it was not long before each county, with the 
exception of those not having Home Economics taught in the schools, 
had instituted work of instruction. 

Washington sent out several official women demonstrators, who 
traveled over the state, and gave food talks and demonstrations on 
the use of foods not commonly used ; such as cheese, fish, etc. In 

61 



each instance they were assisted by the County Chairman of Home 
Economics, the Woman Director, or Home Demonstration Agent, in 
the engaging of the assembly hall, advertising, etc. 

4. IMiieh interest was given to Food Conservation work by the 
many posters, and slogans originated by school children under the 
guidance of the Home Economics teachers. 

In those counties where there was a large foreign population, 
recipes were translated from English into their respective tongues. 
Occasionally the demonstrator was able to use their language when 
demonstrating. 

Food Centers or Bureaus were established in many towns, often 
under the combined administration of the Home Economics Chair- 
man, the County Chairmen of the Women's Committee and the 
Woman Director of Food Conservation. 

There were three distinct Food Drives this year; in March it 
was discovered by the Food Administration there was going to be a 
shortage of wheat for home consumption and there being a liberal 
production of potatoes, this starch was advocated to replace wheat 
starch in the diet. Every type of publicity was resorted to, to 
make the Potato popular, by Posters, Slogans, Essays, Newspaper 
Articles, Playlets in Schools, dressed up Shop Windows, verses, 
rhymes, recipes, demonstrations and the like. That "Dame Spud" 
became the idol of the hour was testified to by the shortage in 
supply, which necessitated the importation of potatoes from Oregon 
and Idaho, before the Summer was half over. The Second Drive was 
in the use of Green Vegetables and Fruits to replace meat in the 
diet. Thus was offered a market for the home-grown vegetables and 
products of the War-gardens, so extensively planted in the Spring 
in response to an appeal from Washington. Again there were hun- 
dreds of recipes, menus, pamphlets, etc., compiled, and many talks 
given on the efficiency of green vegetables in the diet, particularly 
for children on account of the minerals and vitamens in the com- 
position. 

In the beginning of the Summer it was known by the Food 
Administration there would be a shortage of sugar, hence the need 
to arouse the attention of the people again to a particular need of 
saving. Washington realized an enormous amount of fruit would 
go to waste, if not preserved during the Summer months, then began 
the Drive on the use of Sugar Substitutes, such as corn sugar, and 
syrup, honey, glucose, molasses, etc. Few believed at first, that fruit 
could be preserved without the use of Sugar. This necessitated the 
compilation of much material on "Preserving without Sugar," 
''Sugarless" Recipes, "Use of Sugar Substitutes," etc. Also, teaHi- 
ing the underlying principles of what caused spoliation of food and 
how to prevent by sterilization. Thus education was combined with 
practical work. 

Directions were sent out for developing methods of: 

1. Forming "Canning" Centers and Clubs. 

2. Of what materials to use and how. 

3. Of distribution of products. 
The result of this work was: 

62 



1. The saving of thousands of pounds of fruit which otherwise 
would have gone to waste. 

2. Providing luxuries for sick soldiers through the Red Cross 
and Canteen Service. 

3. By accumulating a large supply of food for winter use, when 
fresh foods would be at a minimum. 

4. By assisting the Government to hold a food product — Sugar — 
which played a vital part in the energy-producing power of her sol- 
diers overseas. 

Parallel w^ith the Sugar Conservation work of adults, was the 
C'hildren's Pledge-work in "Sugar-Saving" — they promising not to 
eat much candy or ice cream. 

Just after the Mills College Conference of the Women's Com- 
mittee, a letter was received from the Secretary of the Bureau of 
Biological Survey, United States Department of Agriculture, en- 
closing a circular letter from Mr. Hoover asking that a plan for 
the extermination of Rats and Squirrels be pushed as a measure 
towards Food Saving. 

A copy of this letter and sample "Rat Poster" was sent to each 
County Chairman of "Home Economics" asking if bothered with 
pests in her district, would she place posters in a conspicuous place ? 

The order from some counties for the Posters w^as as high as 
five hundred, and many counties called for two and three hundred. 
These orders were sent to Washington and considered so excellent, 
the following letter was sent out from Washington : 

December 4, 1918. 
"Miss Charlotte P. Ebbetts, 

San Francisco, Calif. 
Dear Madam: 

We take pleasure in forwarding the posters to those addresses 
as requested. 

Am glad to learn that active interest is being aroused in the 
matter of exterminating these serious pests. As we consider this 
a most important undertaking, w^e shall be glad to assist you in 
every possible way in furthering interest and active participation 
in the work of organized community movements for the destruction 
of these pests. 

(Signed) E. W. Nelson, 

Chief of Bureau." 

Based upon experience in dealing with the food situation, and 
the ability of the average housewife to meet the emergencies incident 
to War conditions, the following suggestions are offered : 

1. That as Food is the basic substance of life — both from a 
living and working standpoint, it becomes the solemn duty of every 
man and woman (especially the latter who have the care of the 
family entrusted to them), to learn something of the nature of 
food. 

2. That the women of the State through the ballot or other- 
wise, should demand, that every child be given at least one year of 
Food Study in the school curriculum. 

63 



8. That every woman would find life moves easier, more know- 
ingly and economically, if she took up a study of the various phases 
of Home Economics in order to learn how to make and how to detect 
adulterations ; how to sew ; how to spend ; how to feed herself and 
family properly, and gain all the other helpful knowledge embraced 
under this most comprehensive subject. 

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION AND LIBRARY SERVICE 

]\Ibs. Frances M. Carlton-Harmon, Chairman 

(NOTE: — This is practically a combined report of the Chair- 
man of Information and Library Service and of the Library Publicity 
Director for California, for the Food Administration; both offices 
being held by the same person, the work for both conducted and 
directed from the State Office of the Women's Committee and with 
its co-operation and assistance. The County Chairmanships for both 
departments were also vested in the same individuals.) 

As its Committee of Information and Library Service, the 3,000 
libraries of California have operated as an arm of the Defense 
Council work. 

A Library Center was established in each County, and the 
County Chairmen of the Women's Committees of the Council of 
Defense were asked to appoint the librarians who were administering 
those centers, as County Chairmen of Information and Library 
Service. In addition to these County Chairmen were 114 municipal 
units, many of them having their own branches, and with whom 
the State Chairman Avas in communication and who received similar 
directions to those sent out to the County Chairmen. 

Besides these, the scliool libraries, and the private and sub- 
scription libraries lirought the whole system up to a combination 
of some 3,000 units. The County Chairmen and Local Unit Chairmen 
kept up the active service of the Department, receiving directions 
monthly or oftener, and responding in reports from time to time with 
evidences of accomplishment. 

The California librarians were the first to be organized as a 
Committee of any State Council of Defense, and California's plan 
found immediate endorsement and recommendation by the National 
Council through the States' Relations Committee. It was, also, per- 
haps the first (committee fully organized in the California Women's 
Committee. This quick mobilization would not have been possible 
except for the uniform organization of the County Library System 
of California. Wherever the County Library obtained, the librarian 
was the ready-made County Chairman, the working unit of the 
organization. 

It has been the aim of the Department, through its united 
librarians to advertise the jieeds of the Government and put into 
circulation the Government publications, supplementing them with 
all available material possible and making all such material easily 
accessible and attractive. There have been distributed throughout 
the State for reference use, 800,000 pieces of printed matter, includ- 

64 



ing bulletins issued bj^ the Food Administration, the Committee on 
Public Information, the Department of Agriculture, and various 
l)r;mches of the National and State War organizations. 

Had it been possible to obtain for California enough copies for 
popidar distribuMo'}}, the lilirarians were organized and ready to do 
this work, and in so far as material was availble, they have per- 
formed it; as it is, the national messages have found their way into 
the remotest corners of the State. 

Thirty- five issues of Food Administration Posters and cards 
liave been sent to libraries, totaling 90,000. Besides these, six other 
posters have been distributed to the number of 2,000; 27 circular 
letters have been sent and 600 individual letters. The bulletins dis- 
tributed have covered 148 separate publications. 

The Department has featured and advertised Food Conservation 
(which developed into Food Administration propaganda). Liberty 
Loan drives, the Food Pledge Campaigns, Was Risk Insurance, In- 
come Tax, Red Cross Work and the Children's Year, and has fur- 
thered Training Camp Activities, especially the Campaign for Money 
and Books for the Camp libraries. It has held various meetings 
of librarians, notably those arranged for the Washington repre- 
sentative of library service. Two hundred librarians attended those 
meetings. 

In March the Chairman attended a Convention of the Sixth 
District of the California Librarians at Camp Kearny, and gave a 
paper upon the War Work for Librarians. And in June, she at- 
tended the Convention week of the California Library Association 
at Del Monte and took part in the War Program, there meeting 
County Chairmen from all over the State and having 123 different 
interviews with individual librarians in regard to their special prob- 
lem. In September she presented a report to the Women's Committee 
at the Mills College Conference. 

Rxhibits have been planned for over 200 libraries, and material 
for exhibition sent to the California Federation of Women's Clubs 
Convention, held in Oakland; to the California Library Association 
Convention in Del Monte ; to the American Library Association, 
Saratoga Springs, New York, and local exhibits for various Fairs 
and Conventions have been featured by the librarians. Lectures and 
community meetings have been arranged, and in over 100 libraries 
of the State, exhibits were held regularly and continually. 

The Director of the Allied War Exposition saw fit to commend 
and to request that a special detailed report be made upon the ex- 
hibit of the diversified though united work of the Women's Com- 
mittee that was presented at the Exposition in Los Angeles, in 
order that similar displays might be arranged in other places where 
the Allied War Exposition was shown. 

This new line of activity, its success and perhaps its deficiencies, 
led to the permanent and portable panel group shown at the State 
Fair in September. It was designed as a graphic organization 
chart of the Women's Committee, intended to serve as a background 
for the display of local Committees at Fairs and Land Shows. 

65 



After many vicissitudes, due to the negligence of the Express 
(^)mpany, the P^xJiibit was shown at the Ventura County Fair and 
at the Los Angeles Liberty Fair. At the present writing, it hangs 
in the lobby of the State Agricultural Building in Los Angeles. It 
consists of fifteen hand-painted panels, five feet by seven. 

Card catalogs of the California Library System, segregated into 
county organization, municipal, school and subscription libraries, 
with branches noted and apportionment of literature indicated, have 
been made. Copies of this catalog have been furnished the National 
Food Administration for C!alifornia, State Council of Defense, Natfon- 
al Department of Child Welfare and the Committee on Public In- 
formation, as a direct mailing list, and others are in process of 
preparation for other sources of supplies. 

Librarians have stood in readiness to lend their expert help to 
writers and speakers in their communities, and have featured all war 
literature of a stimulating nature. 

In the meantime, every effort has been made to preserve for 
historical reference, all publications, posters, etc., that have been 
brought out because of the war. 

The classified file of pamphlets, etc., represent 4200 separate 
pieces. Some of these were obtained for special reference use, but 
the great bulk came in day by day in the regular course of business. 
Two thousand of these pieces are concerned with Production or 
Conservation, the remainder with the various other activities of the 
Defense Council's work. Posters, because of the inconvenience of 
filing, have been sent, from time to time, to the State Library for 
preservation. 

The Federal Food Administration was quick to recognize the 
value of library pu})licity and has placed upon the staff of each State 
Administrator a Library Educational Director. In this State the 
Chairman of Information and Library Service is also that Library 
Educational Director of the Food Administration. It sounds like 
real California brag to assert that we have kept well ahead of the 
field in all our library activities, but it is nevertheless true, and we 
have received no suggestions up to date save those to which we 
have been able to make reply, "We have been doing that for months." 
Lest this should seem vainglorious, this quotation from a letter from 
the Washington Food Administration office is given: 

"I am continually filled with admiration at the versatility and 
the effectiveness with which the library campaign is conducted in 
California. 

"I think I told yon before how much the California people here 
appreciate your reports and how proud they are of the the library 
work which is done in California." 

The plan of co-operation with the Food Administration is as 
follows : 

Each Library was asked to assign a definite space for the 
period of the war for a Food Conservation Section, The following 
uses of this space were suggested : 

66 



1. Bulletin Boards — One Bulletin Board to be reserved for food 
facts, and only timely, up-to-date material to be posted. 

2. Books — Have on shelves a permanent collection of books on 
Food Production and Conservation, these not to circulate, in order 
that they may be at any time accessible to any one wanting the 
information. 

3. Magazines — Attention is to be called to articles appearing in 
current magazines, bearing on the Food Problem. 

4. Pamphlets — Have on hand, pamphlets issued by the United 
States or State Governments and all valid information to be obtained, 
regardless of its sources. 

5. Recipes — Start a file of economical recipes featuring local 
food products, 

6. Lectures — "Where a library has an auditorium, see that it is 
used as frequently as possible by speakers talking on the food prob- 
lem. When practicable, have food demonstrations. 

7. Exhibitions — Arrange for exhibitions to arrest attention and 
arouse interest with the idea of following up with information of 
more constructive and permanent value. 

8. Advertising — Ask for space in any food show or State Fair 
for a Library booth in order to demonstrate to tTie public the Library's 
possibilities as an information bureau. 

9. School Co-operation — In co-operation with local schools call 
for posters and compositions on food subjects, to be exhibited in 
Libraries. 

Pursuing the plan presented at the Mills College Conference, 
the libraries are making card catalogs of agencies in their vicinity 
doing war service work, and of all local publications relating to the 
war. This piece of work is being done from the State Library as 
a center, through the Counties, and is a spendid piece of organized 
co-operf(tion. It will be of great permanent value as a record of 
individuals and accomplishment, after the war, and an authoritative 
way to preserve fieeting data. 

The libraries are also assisting the War History Committee in 
obtaining biographies of the ''m.en who have served" for the state 
records. 

With the signing of the armistice the work of this Department 
did not cease, the Food Administration asking that it hold on until 
further orders. There appears to be every prospect that the Library 
Publicity Department will be taken over bodily into the Educational 
Division of the Department of the Interior. 

The Reconstruction work has demanded and will demand every 
energy of all library workers, and already there have been issued 
voluminous lists of books and pamphlets that must be obtained and 
put in the hands of the people through the libraries. This work is 
well under way. 

In closing this record of activities it may not be amiss to say 
that it has been a wonderful contribution that these trained library 

67 



workers have made to the great cause. They have not given of their 
leisure; they have added work upon work, — nothing spectacular, 
nothing thrilling, but bringing trained efficiency to bear in new 
ways and old ways upon the new problems. They have done an 
enormous amount of work with enthusiasm and determination, and 
often with depleted working forces, have faced the task undaunted. 
Your Committee of Information and Library Service as a whole 
(which means every Librarian in California) respectfully submits 
the foregoing report with pride and satisfaction in a big work well 
done and with thankfulness for its opportunity to serve in its own 
appointed way. 

LIBERTY LOAN 
Mrs. E. R. Bratnerd, Chmrman 

This report covers only the Third and Fourth Liberty Loan 
Campaigns. At the time of the Third Campaign there -were forty- 
seven County Chairmen in the State. The result of that campaign 
showed fifteen million one hundred and ninety-two thousand dollars 
worth of bonds sold b}^ the Women's Committee, which does not in- 
clude any report of bonds sold by women or to women through the 
!'\Ien's Committee. 

For the Fourth Liberty Ijoan, the State was thoroughly organ- 
ized, Avith a Chairman in every County, as well as every city, with 
a population of fifty thousand or over. 

All City and County Chairmen were called to San Francisco 
for conference on September 12th and 13th for addresses and the 
discussion of plans. 

1. California's quota, $272,093,350. 

2. Amount reported from subscriptions taken by "Women's 
Committee, $80,993,453. 

3. Twenty-seven and forty-three one hundreds per cent 
(27.43%) of the total state ([uota was secured through the Women's 
Committee. 

4. Through most of Ihe State no percentage arrangement was 
made. 

(a) In only ten of the 58 (counties was the Women's Committee 
share determined by percentages. In each of these, soliciting was 
done by teams consisting equally of men and women. The percent- 
ages allowed the Women's Committee in these instances averaged 
40.8% for the ten Counties. The amount secured on this basis by 
the Women's Committee was $17,951,419. 

(b) Though Women solicited in all Counties (as above shown 
in ten Counties) they worked separately in 48 Counties of the 58 
Counties in the State. In these 48 Counties the amount reported 
from subscriptions taken by the Women's Committee was $53,982,034. 

(c) No record is available at this writing of amounts subscribed 
through organizations of women other than the Woman's Liberty 
Loan Committee itself. 

68 



CITIES 

1. The Cities in California having over 200,000 population are 
Los Angeles, San Francisco and Oakland. 

Reports from subscriptions bv Women's Committee as follows: 

Los Angeles ' $26,100,500 

San Francisco 6,000,000 

Oakland 6,730,575 

2. Quotas of these cities were: 

Los Angeles $ 4-2,988,900 

San Francisco 107,876,500 

Oakland 13,320,350 

3. The percentage of each city's quota raised through Women's 

Committee : 

Los Angeles 60.7% 

San Francisco 5.5% 

Oakland 43.0% 



69 



MAINTENANCE OF EXISTING SOCIAL AGENCIES 

J\Irs. Carrie P. Bryant, Chairman 

The objects for which this department is pledged to work are 
fourfold : 

I. Higher minimum allowance by counties for support of depend- 
ent children. 

II. Training of women for social service in war work. 

III. A surve.y to find the present condition of all existing social 
agencies. 

IV. A suT'vey to find the actual minimum cost of living in each 
community. 

Each County or City Chairman has been asked to appoint a 
Department Chairman who shall have charge of this work for her 
county or city. The State Department Committee consists of the 
State Department Chairmen and each County or City Department 
Chairman. 

The following forty-two counties, out of a total of fifty-eight, 
have been organized : 

Alameda Napa 

Amador Orange 

Butte Placer 

Contra Costa Riverside 

Eldorado Sacramento 

Fresno San Benito 

Humboldt San Bernardino 

Imperial San Diego 

Inyo San Francisco 

Kern San Joaquin 

Kings San Mateo 

Lake Santa Barbara 

Lassen Santa Clara 

Los Angeles Sierra 

Madera Solano 

Marin Sonoma 

Mariposa Stanislaus 

Mendocino Tulare 

Merced Ventura 

Modoc Yolo 

Mono Yuba 

The few unorganized counties are mountainous and too sparsely 
settled to warrant organized endeavor. 

1. Letters with full information have been sent to Boards of 
Supervisors of all counties, asking for higher minimum allowance 
for the support of dependent children. The sum of eleven dollars 
paid by most counties to board children cannot now cover the actual 
cost of sufficient and proper food. 

The response to this appeal has been met in some instances. 
Several counties have added $1.50 a month per person to the $11.00 
alri .^dy allowed. Others have added eggs and milk to their regular 

70 



al]owaDce. Some counties have raised their ininininiii allowance to 
$14.00— a few to $15.00. 

2. This Department has co-operated closely with the Red Cross 
Institute for the training of women in social service for war w^ork. 
All (.ounty Chairmen have been communicated with and asked to 
send at least one representative from their county to take the training 
v.-hich the Institute offered. 

California has made a splendid record in this work. 

3. The survey to ascertain the present conditions of all existing 
social agencies has steadily gone on. 

Questionnaires prepared by the State Department Chairmen have 
been filled out by all social agencies in the county, these question- 
naires being returned to the County Department Chairman, who has 
retained them for her own information after entering the data upon 
a record sheet. This record sheet was returned to the State Chair- 
man, who will compile all state data in printed form. 

The data furnished by these questionnaires forms a complete 
record of all social agencies in the county, of the present condition 
and capacity of these agencies, how affected by the war and a de- 
tailed list of special needs as regards both workers and finances. Also 
cioes the data clearly show the lack of certain agencies in the County 
necessary to make possible proper and sufficient provision for obvious- 
ly needed work. 

The reports of the first ten counties sending in their completed 
surveys showed one-third of the social agencies not affected by the 
v/ar. Two-thirds of these agencies reported marked effects, especially 
institutions for care of the sick, insane and defectives. This was 
evinced by difficulty in obtaining hospital internes, nurses and 
orderlies, cooks and helpers; increased cost of food supplies, shortage 
of farm laborers. 

The private social agencies reported marked decrease in dona- 
tions due to divergence of their usual subscriptions to Red Cross and 
War Works Campaigns. A marked decrease of volunteer workers, 
especially Ihe younger workers, and many counties reported lack of 
group leaders. 

A few of the agencies have lowered their standards, while the 
ir.any are struggling hard to maintain them, and have asked our 
assistance and support (not financial) in doing this. 

Notwithstanding these handicaps a few of the agencies have 
raised their standards. Two of our largest state hospitals for the 
insane have increased their facilities for the care of their patients by 
the installation of training schools for special nursing. Graduate 
nurses also, may take post graduate work in these hospitals. One 
county chairman has succeeded in interesting her community in 
establishing a social center for the employees of a large State insti- 
tution, a provision greatly needed in that institution. 

Another definite result of the county survey has been an awaken- 
ing to the knowledge of the inadequate facilities for the care of 
tu])erculosis dependents in many of the counties. 

One county chairman has so interested her community and board 
of supervisors that an agreement to join in with adjacent counties 

71 



in the building of an adequate joint sanitarium has been the result. 
This will enable these counties to seeuro the state subsidy for their 
dep.ndent tuberculoties. 

Soiup counties expressed n^ed for pi'obation officers, some 
counties recognize no extra need. It is impossible to give here a 
complete report so I have chosen to speak of those needs oftenest 
presenting themselves upon the Record Sheets as returned. Prob- 
ably no one form of social service work was more frequently requested 
than that of public health, such as :— 

Visiting nurses, especially in rural districts, including school 
districts, more hygienic conditions in rural schools, greater number 
of tubercular clinics and sanatoria, more baby welfare centers, pro- 
vision for county care of venereal patients, and dental clinics. 

4. To show the need of an increased allowance for the support 
of dependent children, the following table of comparative food costs, 
showing how much the purchasing power of a dollar has waned 
from August, 1916, to August, 1918, has been compiled by an expert 
dietitian : 

PRICES AND AMOUNTS OF FOOD PURCHASABLE 
FOR ONE DOLLAR 





Cost 


Pounds 


Cost 


Pounds 


Per 




1916 


Purchasable 


1918 


Purchasable 


Cent 




Per 


for $1.00 


Per 


for $1.00 


Increase 




Lb. 


Aug. 1916 


Lb. 


Nov. 1918 


Decrease 


Butter 


$0.48 


2 lbs. l}4 oz. 


$0.63 


1 lb. 9 oz. 


31.2 


Eggs 


.27 


3 doz. 11 eggs 


.80 


1 doz. 3 eggs 


196.2 


Sugar 


.06 


16 lbs. lOH oz. 


.105 


9 lbs. 11 oz. 


75. 


Wheat Flour 


032 


31 lbs. 3 oz. 


.072 


13 lbs. 5 oz. 


125 


Oat Meal 


.10 


10 lbs. 


.08 


13 lbs. 8 oz. 


20. * 


Prunes 


.125 


8 lbs. 


09 


11 lbs. 4 oz. 


28. * 


Bread 


05 


20 lbs. 


11 


9 lbs. 2 oz. 


120. 


Rice 


.06 


16 lbs. 1014 oz. 


12 


8 lbs. 5 oz. 


100. 


Beans; navy . . 


. .05 


20 lbs. 


15 


6 lbs. 8 oz. 


200. 


Raisins 


. .08M 


12 lbs. 


15 


6 lbs. 8 oz. 


80. 


Salad Oil; 












cottonseed 


.20 


5 lbs. 


55 


1 lb. 14 oz. 


175. 


Potatoes 


.04 


25 lbs. 


.03 


33 lbs. 5 oz. 


25. * 


Cheese 


.20 


5 lbs. 


45 


2 lbs. 4 oz. 


125. 


Round Steak 


. .18 


5 lbs. 14H oz. 


.35 


2 lbs. 13 oz. 


94 5 


Bacon 


. .28 


3 lbs. 9 oz. 


.63 


1 lb. 9 oz. 


125. 


Oranges 


. 30 


Z}4 doz. 


.60 


1 doz. 7 


100. 


Milk 


. .05 


221bs. 3-5 oz. 
pints. 


.10 


11 lbs. 1 oz. 


100. 


Honey 


. .20 


5 lbs. 


.60 


Ub.lloz. 


200. 



*Decrease. 



72 



BALANCED DIET FOR CHIIiD 6-9 YEARS OLD FOR ONE DAY 

Tn 1916 this diet cost $0.22928, and consisted of the following 
amounts : 

Oatmeal 4 oz. 

Toast and Bread 5 oz. 

Milk 20 oz 

Stewed Prunes 2 oz. 

Honey 2 oz. 

Eggs 4' oz. 

Steak 3 oz. 

Potato 1.6 oz. (Estimated.) 

Spinach 4 oz. (Cooked.) 

Butter 5 oz. 

Raisins 2 oz 

Cottage Cheese 2 oz. 

Apples 3 oz. 

Two years later, in August, 1918, this same expenditure of money, 
7. p., 22.9 cents, would purchase only as much as the following amounts 
of food represented by this balanced diet : 

Oatmeal 1.6 oz. 

Toast and Bread 2.0 oz. (about 2 slices.) 

Milk 8.0 oz. (i/o cup) 

Stewed Prunes 0.8 oz. 

Honey 0.8 oz. 

Eggs 1.6 oz. 

Steak 1.2 oz. 

Potato 2.4 oz. 

Spinach 1.6 oz. (cooked) 

Butter 0.2 oz. 

Raisins 0.8 oz. 

Cottage Cheese 1.2 oz. 

Apples 1.4 oz. 

Our very last work in this report must be a plea for sober 
thought and consideration ot the question of increased allowance for 
depeudenl children. Especially has the recent epidemic of influenza 
increased the need of proper nourishment as a prophylaxis against 
tubercular infection, so often the result. 

WJiile the past months have been filled with steady hours of 
work, we are convinced that the future holds more strenuous — even 
more definite — labor for every chairman in this department and we 
bespeak the co-operation and hearty support of our Department 
Chairmen in continuing a work they have so auspiciously begun. 
In a general way we may summarize the work to be done, as 
revealed to us through our county activities, under the following 
heads : 

1. Increase in the Amount of State and County Aid. 
The law now permits the State of California to contribute to 
the support of needy children to the amount of .$6.25 per month, 
for a child with one parent living, and $8.33 for an orphan. The 
County nwif supplement this by an equal amount. 

73 



Tlie majority of children being cared for by Counties of the 
State are paid for at a maximum rate of $11.00. 

So far as the so-called Mother's Pension (State aid to children 
in the care of their own mothers) is concerned, the State allowance 
is ridiculously inadequate. California is not being fair to her own 
needy little children, or to the institutions, agencies and homes 
engaged in their care — she will not be doing them justice until 
State and County face their obligations and increase the allowance 
to at least $15.00 a month per child. 

2. Specialization in the Work of Children's Institutions to 
Meet Needs of Special Groups of Unfortunate Children. 

There are many children in the state sadly in need of Institution- 
al care, for whom no provision is made. 

Preventoriums for children of tuberculous tendencies, colonies 
for the actively tuberculous, hospital schools for crippled children, 
hom_es for mentally defective and homes affording good care for 
limited numbers of adolescents, presenting special problems — all are 
greatly needed in California. If a number of existing institutions 
would face this situation and bravely enter this pioneer field, they 
Avould make a splendid contribution to the work for child pro- 
tection. 

3. Preventive Health Work for Children of School and Pre- 
School Age. 

Particularly in the rural communities, where there are no clinics, 
no milk stations, no school nurses, is the need most tragic. A system 
which would give to every community in the State a visiting nurse 
and a Children's Health Center, would prove one of the most power- 
ful factors for the protection and conservation of the childhood of 
the State that could be imagined. 

4. A Better Balanced Diet in Children's Institutions. 

There is need of recognition of the fact, that the table is the 
last place where too rigid economy and retrenchment can be af- 
forded. Better planning, a more careful study of food, values, 
and co-operation of Children's Institutions in buying supplies, with 
a consequent reduction in prices, w^ould go far toward meeting the 
situation. 

It may not be possible to reach and save all the children in 
California who are not adequately fed, but the institutional group 
for which the state is responsible, could, and should be protectecl. 

5. Need of Becreational Equipment in Institutions. 

The institution furnishes too often inadequate space for play, 
with no apparatus, no direction, and only repressive supervision. 

It should be made a constructive force in the development of 
all children, but is especially necessary in the restricted life of the 
institutional child. 

6. Organisation of County Social Work. 

By the appointment of an unpaid County Welfare Department, 
or commission, employing paid, trained workers to handle all public 
relief and welfare problems. 

Development of a boarding out system of standardized foster 
homes for children under the supervision of County "Welfare De- 

74 



partments, or other County Social Agency, in co-operation with 
Juvenile Courts and private charities. 

County clinics and dispensaries and out-patient work in County 
Hospitals. 

7. Psychological Clinics. 

The increased use in all counties of psychological clinics in 
Court and education centers. Also the establishment of a rural 
psychological clinic which could be of a traveling nature. 

There is great need of a State survey of the feeble-minded to 
be followed by adequate provision, both custodial and educational, 
and for such numbers of feeble-minded as the survey develops 
necessary. 

This department makes the above recommendations as its final 
work under the Women's Committee. 

SUCGESTTONS OF THE MAINTENANCE OF EXISTING SOCIAL AGENCIES DE- 
PARTMENT FOR RECONSTRUCTION PERIOD 

The splendid unison of effort that has been crystallized by the 
Women's Committee is an asset that should mean much to the future 
interest of California. 

The War has called forth a response that no other circumstance 
has awakened. These same peoples have been told before of stand- 
ards that should exist for all lines of social work, but they did not 
understand, they did not hear, they did not care. The awful neces- 
sity of the war has changed all this. It has opened their eyes and 
their ears and their minds have grasped the thought that such con- 
ditions do not need to exist — they can change them. For it is now 
with willing hearts and clear understanding that these same people 
are asking for "someone to come to us, we want things improved." 
"We will take steps right away to correct our fault." "Tell us 
what to do, w^e wish to secure improved conditions." Many more 
letters of this sort are upon my desk after more than a year of steady 
survey work and effort at co-operation. 

There are counties lacking in certain agencies, there are County 
Institutions, Hospitals and Almshouses that -need the support and 
uplift of friendly local interest. 

In maintaining existing Social Agencies, we are dealing either 
witli the generosity of the public, or the intelligence and courage 
of the Supervisor — both of these will always need the backing, 
and oftentimes the prodding, of influential, wise and sane groups 
of local workers, such as we believe and know we have in most of 
the counties of California. 

The State Department Committee therefore recommends that 
under some form these county groups be kept together and their 
splendid unison work be strengthened and maintained. 

PUBLICITY 

Miss Anne M. Mumford, CJiairman 
I\Irs. Seward A. Simons, Chairman 
The Publicity Department has forty-three county publicity 
chaii'men in as many different counties in the State. In many in- 
stances these county chairmen have sub-chairmen in all the import- 

75 



ant towns in their county who look after the local publicity and 
see that material sent them by the County Chairman is put in their 
papers. It is the aim of the department to have each county chair- 
man have a weekly Women's Committee column in every paper in 
the county. In a number of counties this hope is already a reality 
as the special county reports show. 

Circular letters are sent out from the State office to the county 
publicity chairmen. In addition to the department letter the county 
chairmen receive copies of all county letters and printed literature 
published by the State Committee. They in turn are expected to 
send monthly reports to the State office with clippings to show the 
work they have accomplished. 

There is constant communication between the State Publicity 
Department and the News Department of the Women's Committee 
of the National Council of Defense in Washington. Every two weeks 
material is sent on to Washington to be used in the publishing of 
the National News Letter. The Washington office sends Press Re- 
lease bulletins, etc., to the State office which are mailed out to all 
the county chairmen for use in their papers. 

At the State office clippings covering the publicity of the 
Women's Committee throughout the entire State are mounted in 
large scrap books. They are classified first by counties and then 
by cities and towns and then according to dates. This is done every 
six months. Thus it is easy to see at a glance whether we are having 
more or less publicity as a State, whether the work is improving 
in any particular county, etc. A record of the amount of publicity 
furriished by each paper is then made. A card catalogue of the 
papers of the State is kept which gives the name of the paper, 
whether it is a Daily or Weekly, Editor, Woman Colum Writer, if 
any, amount of space given to the work of the Women's Committee, — 
National, State, County and local. The information concerning these 
papers is very largely furnished by the County Publicity Chairmen 
who are usually in close touch with the papers in their locality. 

The Department of Publicity has been handled by the Secretary 
of the Women's Committee from the State Headquarters since August, 
1918. 

After the resignation of Miss Mumford as Chairman of the 
Department of Publicity, the State Council of Defense established 
a Bureau of War Information which furnishes Press Releases for 
the whole State. These contain information about the Women's 
Committee, as well as concerning the work of the State Council. 
Material regarding the Women's Committee has been furnished to 
the Editor of the War Information Bureau by the Secretary. In 
addition special pieces of information and special publicity received 
from the Field Division, have been sent to the County Chairmen 
of Publicity. 

The Newspapers of the State have continued to be very generous 
in affording space to the work of the County Divisions o'f the 
Women's Committee and clippings have come in in almost the same 
number as usual in spite of the fact that the prevalence of the In- 

76 



flupnza epidemic has interfered with all the regular activities of 
the Women's Committee. 

Letters from the Publicity Chairmen show that they are still 
interested in the work and that they have learned how to take the 
information and bulletins sent to them from this office and from 
Washington, and to apply them in some way locally to make a story 
that will be of interest in their own communities. 

The large scrap books of clippings, referring to the Women's 
Committee, will be filed with the State historian. 

WOMEN IN INDUSTRY 
Mrs. Katherine P. Edson, Chairman 

This report must of necessity be brief. 

California was particularly fortunate in having in operation 
before the outbreak of the war governmental machinery designed 
and effective to protect not only women and minors, but the safety 
of men as well in industry : 

1. With an excellent workmen's compensation law. 

2. With an eight hour law for women and minors. 

3. With an Industrial Welfare Commission fixing minimum 
Avages, controlling the hours of labor in those perishable fruit and 
vegetable industries not covered by the eight hour law. 

4. With an excellent sanitary code in canneries for three seasons 
and now operative in all manufacturing establishments and laundries, 
the work of the Chairman of this department was much lessened 
in carrying out the general program of the National Committee. 

During the Summer of 1917 a survey was conducted under this 
Department of all firms filling government contracts. This survey 
was made and conducted by Mrs. Sidney Joseph of Berkeley, with 
a group of young women from the Department of Economics of 
the University of California. This survey was to find out primarily 
if there was any labor shortage among women workers and also into 
what trades and processes women could be substituted and also how 
the organized women of the State could help in recruiting if such 
shortage existed. The survey was outlined and directed nationally 
by Miss Marie Obenauer of the Bureau of Registration and Infor- 
mation of the National League for Women's Service, of which 
organization your Chairman was also the Chairman for California. 

This survey showed that during the period of 1917, there was no 
labor shortage of any consequence in Northern California and an 
over plus of female labor in Southern California, wnth the exception 
of experienced power machine operators. However, in San Fran- 
cisco this was met by offering high wages which drew experienced 
operators from shops, working on women's garments, etc., into the 
shop working npon army contracts. It was revealed also during 
1917 tliat although there was no serious shortage among agricultural 
workers because the draft did not take these men until after the 
harvest season that there might be in 1918 if California had a 
normally fruitful season. 

77 



This Department kept in close touch with Dean Hunt of the 
College of Agriculture of the University of California, who, as the 
head of all the Farm Advisers in the different counties of the State, 
was in close touch with the farm labor problem. Also Professor 
R, L. Adams, connected w4th the University and designated by the 
United States Department of Agriculture as Federal Farm Labor 
Agent for this State. It was not until February 20th that these men 
felt that it might be necessary to use women as agricultural workers 
as the w^hole State suffered until that date for lack of rain. 

At this time a leaflet was sent to all the County Chairmen and 
counties, outlining with great care a method of procedure for a local 
survey. This leaflet bore fruit in stimulating interest in women's 
availability for much farm labor. 

In April this Department decided to throw its influence, its 
local chairmen, and other machinery into the Woman's Land Army 
which had come into existence in the Spring of 1918. We believed 
the recruiting attraction of the Woman's Land Army was great 
so all the work of the Women's Committee in the farm labor needs 
was transferred to it. 

In Northern California we worked closely in touch with the 
Woman's Land Army and believe we can claim some share in the 
excellent record made by that organization under the able chairman- 
ship of Mrs, Sidney Joseph. We had associated with us a group 
of the most experienced women in public affairs around San Fran- 
cisco Bay, Over 500 women were recruited and sent to ideal camps 
built by the employers throughout the Sacramento, San Joaquin 
and Santa Clara Valleys. No woman was sent out except to an 
employer or group of employers who gave a contract as to wages, 
hours, extra payment for overtime, guaranteed length of employ- 
ment, payment of board during inclement weather, insurance against 
accident, and a camp not only approved by the Commission of Im- 
migration and Housing but built with our co-operation and sug- 
gestion. The result of this experiment is that women received the 
same wages as men for the same work. They proved to be in fruit 
picking 90% as efficient as experienced male workers. They were 
dependable and a stable labor supply. For return, the women 
gained in health, were happy, contented groups under semi-military 
discipline; well fed and comfortably housed. Most of them all 
clamoring to go out next season and every employer who had a 
Land Army unit in Northern California wishes to employ them on 
like terms the coming season. The Land Army is waiting to see 
if all returning soldiers and men needing employment are absorbed 
before promising to recruit for the coming season. From this ex- 
periment we have learned that here is an occupation suited to women 
that will take many seasonal workers from office, store, school and 
factory and return them to their city life stronger, healthier and 
normal if this work can be controlled by experienced women who 
will insure this group from being used to depress wage scales or 
from taking the places of people who depend upon the harvest season 
for their living. One of the by-products of the experiment is to 

78 



force on the farmers the fact that if they expect to attract any 
desirable farm workers they must furnish them with more livable 
quarters and better conditions and, best of all — how to do it. 

Few war contracts of any kind were let in California. Women 
have gone into elevator service, delivery ser\ace, many new office 
and bank occupations, and in some instances at less wages than men 
received. In the can manufactories, sugar refineries, and some 
munition work they went in receiving practically the same wages as 
men. Night work did increase as it never existed before, but is now- 
being done away with under the prohibition of the Industrial Wel- 
fare Commission. 

Two County Chairmen deserve special mention for their ex- 
cellent work: Mrs. Bulloch of Santa Clara County, and Mrs, Deim- 
ling of Orange County, who made tine surveys in their own com- 
munities and kept the State Chairman informed of local labor 
conditions. 

California was prepared by experience and strong organization 
to withstand any demands which might be made to break down our 
industrial standards. We believe we have emerged with our labor 
problems better understood and with a more intelligent public 
opinion backing' up those agencies protecting the workers of this 
State. , , 



79 



COUNTY WORK 



Tho work of organizing a large State like California is a con- 
siderable accomplishment in itself. This was the first necessary 
step to provide the machinery for carrying out the plans made by 
the Women's Committee of the National Council of Defense, or our 
own State Council of Defense. 

It has been the endeavor of the Committee to have a County 
Chairman in each county whose duty it was to organize the county. 
The organization of the County Committees has paralleled very 
closely that of the State Committee, with an Executive Committe 
and Chairman of Departments. The Counties have been further 
organized by town and city units, with a Chairman of each local 
unit. Some of the County Chairmen have been identified with the 
(Committee since the beginning of the work in June, 1917. Others 
havf- resigned and been replaced for various reasons. At the time 
of i;iaking this report, two of the counties are without chairmen, 
though there have previously been chairmen in those counties. 

There are now, in the State of California, 56 county units of 
the Women's Committee; 315 city units; 431 district units. 

The ultimate object of organization in the Counties has been 
a complete precinct organization, so that within a very short time 
after receiving a message from the Government that message could, 
by a house-to-house canvass, be made known to the women in every 
part of the State. In many Counties this has been done by "the 
Women's War Service Armies. 

It would be impossible to give a complete report of the work in 
thp Counties of California. It is in the work of the Counties that 
the strength of the Wom.en's Committee lies. In well organized 
Counties, the amount of work for the Government which has been 
accomplished by the women, is astonishing. In many cases, the 
women have financed the work themselves and carried it out under 
great difficulties. In a State like California, where much of the 
territory is desert or mountains, or wide agricultural stretches, the 
women have had serious, and, seemingly insurmountable difSculties 
in carrying on the work, but they have been faithful and devoted, 
loyal and enthusiastic in their display of patriotism, and the educa- 
tional effect of their work in their Counties will always be of value. 



80 



COUNTY REPORTS 



AL7^i\TEDA— Mrs. A. E. Carter, Chairman, June 7, 1917, to Oct. 
10, 1917; 

j\Jrs. F. G. Turner, Chairman, Oct. 10, 1917, to date. 

Estimated population 400,000. 

Completely organized with seven Town Units and one Township 
Llnil. 

The War Service Army originated in this county. 

Americanization — A Survfiy was made of all organizations and 
agencies already engaged in any line of Americanization work; also 
of factories employing foreigners, and of their methods — if any — of 
Americanization. In IMay, 1918, a Census was taken by the Women's 
Armies in Oakland and Berkeley, of the foreign-born, of the chil- 
dren of foreign-born, and of their knowledge or lack of knowledge, 
of the English language, and of their own language. 

Assistance was given the County Committee formed at the in- 
stigation of the State Immigration and Housing Committee, and, 
as far as possible, to the work of the Home Teachers in Oakland 
appointed by the Board of Education. 

The Children's Year program has been an Americanizing in- 
fluence throughout the County, as also have been the various War 
"Drives." 

Children's Year — This program w'as carried out most carefully 
and with excellent results throughout the County and the eon- 
sequent demand for Health Centers is being met. 

Education — In addition to Besolutions sent to the proper 
authorities approving of an enlarged School of Education at the 
University of California, and of Senate Bill No. 4987, creating a 
Federal Department of Education, suggestions were made to the 
Board of Education and help given towards the formation of Vacation 
Classes for girls and women in some of the Oakland public schools. 
These classes were most successful. 

A "Keep Our Children in School" Drive was made by the Oak- 
land Women's Army in connection w^ith the Attendance Department 
of the Board of Education, resulting in much valuable information. 

Educational Propaganda was carried on in every way possible, 
especially through the Women's Armies in the different towns and 
cities, through the information given out at the Unit Headquarters 
in the larger cities, through the newspapers, and through speeches 
made on all occasions that offered, different classes for instruction 
having been formed in the different units. 

81 



Food Adrnimstration work was most carefully and efficiently 
performed, at lirst and all the time through the different Unit Chair- 
men, as well as the County Committee's Food Department, in con- 
junction Math the University of California Department of Agricul- 
ture, and the County Farm Bureau. 

The first activity was the campaign for signing food pledges 
when 45,000 signatures were obtained ; an interesting features of 
this drive was the ardor of the school children in signing pledges to 
abstain from candy and ice cream for the year. 

Talks w^ere given before the Schools and Women's Clubs, and 
everywhere possible. Later the four Food Directors appointed l>y 
the U. S. Food Administration had their special headquarters and did 
thfir special work with great success. 

Girls' War Service — Talks and lectures were given through the 
efforts of several of the Unit Chairmen, and classes were formed 
for girls in different subjects. A Community Cluh for girls has been 
opened in Oakland, assisted greatly by the Unit Chairman there, 
and attracting large numbers of young women. Commercial courses. 
Dietetics, and other classes were formed in some of the public schools 
during the summer vacation, with the help of the County Girls' War 
Service Chairman, 

Health and. Becreation — The work of this Department was, in 
large part, merged with the Girls' War Service Department and with 
aid given the War Camp Community Committee, though, also, for 
some months, the Department Chairman arranged for many talks 
on this subject at churches and other meeting-places. 

Home Economics — Lessons and classes in this subject were ar- 
ranged in the early months of our existence as a Committee. Later, 
th^s Department worked mostly through the schools and Women's 
Clubs — also through the County Farm Home Demonstrator. 

Information and Library Service — Great help was given our 
cause through the efforts of our County Library wnth all its branches, 
as well as of the City Libraries and Branches. The County Librarian 
is now compiling a History of the War Activities of AHameda 
County. 

Liberty Tjoan — The Women's Liberty Loan Committee in the 
County and the different towns and cities, added greatly to the Bond 
Subscriptions by the canvass, each time, by the Women's Armies; 
the work was done with the Men's Committee in the County and the 
different towns and cities. 

Maintenance of Existing Social Agencies — A very careful sur- 
vey was made of all Social Agencies in Alameda County, and much 
valuable information was thus gained. 

Publicity — The newspapers were most generous in giving space 
to the material furnished by our four Publicity Chairmen. Many 
leaflets, dodgers, etc., were distributed by the Women's Armies, and 
also from the different Headquarters. All this in addition to the 
talks, formal speeches, etc., and to the liberal use of posters. 

Red Cross — The whole County Committee and the Bed Cross had 
most cordial relations, the Women's Armies often assisting in their 
''Drives." 

jt 82 . 



Women in Industry — A careful survey was made of women in 
diflVrent forms of industry in the County, with their wages, hours 
and kinds of labor, etc. Help was also given in securing members 
for file Women's Land Army. 

SPECIAL WORK 

Student Nurse Reserve — Great care was given by the different 
Tlnit Chairmen and others in the securing of Student Nurses, both 
at Headquarters, and through appeals in the newspapers, and at 
meetings of various kinds; also by leaflets distributed by the Women's 
Armies. Fifty-fOur applications were secured. 

Motor Corps — In several of the units, machines and girl and 
woL'ien drivers were secured, and Motor Corps thus formed, through 
the co-operation of the National League for Women's Service. 

Fairs and Exhibits — Oakland Unit made a fine display at the 
Land Show held in Oakland in the Fall of 1918, and secured the 
help of many workers. Exhibits of posters were of help in publicity 
work. 

Speakers and Information — Speakers were furnished and Infor- 
mation given on every possible occasion. 

Influenza Epidemic — Much aid was given throughout the County 
by the Unit Committees, especially in the dissemination of informa- 
tion, in the appeals for nurses, in the collecting of needed clothing, 
in the "manning" of emergency hospitals, in the procuring and 
cooking of food. 

Community Singing — Provision for Community Singing at many 
gatherings was made through different Unit Committees. 

Cook Books wore furnished by Oakland Unit and widely dis- 
tributed, as were also, many, many different leaflets, dodgers and 
U. S. Bulletins. Berkeley Unit published two editions of a large 
and most useful War Cook Book, which is sold at 50 cents. 

Woman's Land Army — Was helped by the securing of members 
through the different Unit Chairmen, and through the membership 
on Hs Executive Committe of the County Committee's Chairman, 
Fariners who employed units of the Women's Land Army are already 
asking to employ them again in 1919. 

ALPINE — i\lrs. Fred Bruns, Acting Chairman. 
Estimated population 351. 

Not organized but has done good war work under the following 
heads : 

Red Cross — A branch of the Carson Valley Red Cross was organ- 
ized in Alpine County in September, 1917. Every woman in the 
County became a member at that time, and each one has been an 
active member ever since. 

Each family contributed money monthly to the "Workroom 
Fund." and we also turned about five hundred dollars into t^e Red 
Cross fund, as the proceeds of "Red Cross Benefits," etc. 

Liberty Loan — Alpine County has reached its quota in each 
Liberty Loan Drive, and the Women's Committee has taken an active 



part in each "Drive." In tho Fourth Liberty Loan, Alpine County 
exceeded its quota by 46%. Members of the Women's Committee 
solicited subscriptions equal to fifty per cent of the County's quota. 

War Savings Stamps — The sale of War Savings Stamps and 
Thrift Stamps has been I'^ft entirely in the charge of the women of 
Alpine County, The sales per capita, for the 1918 Series amounted 
to $19.70 maturity value, computed on the official population. 

War Charities Committee — With the exception of Judge L. T. 
Price, the War Charity Committee of Alpine County consists of 
women. In the United War Work campaign, the County exceeded 
its quota by 20 per cent. It has reached its given quota in every 
War (charity call thus far. 

Food Conservation — The Chairman of Food Conservation Com- 
mittee moved to Nevada about six months ago. There is no report 
on her work. However, the Alpine County women were squarely 
behind the Government in all other War Activities, so I am sure 
they would not fail in Food Conservation. 

AMADORr— Mrs. M. E. Tucker, Chairman. 

Estimated population 11,500. 
Organized with five District Units. 

DEPARTMENT VV^ORK 

Children's Year — In regard to the Children's Year Work, will 
state that the programs as scheduled by the California Women's 
Committee were carried out as nearly as conditions would allow. 
Over 1500 babies were examined. The Chairman of that Depart- 
ment covered the entire County, the Chairman of the local Units 
Department taking charge of the babies in their respective localities, 
under the direction and supervision of the County Chairman. 

Too much praise cannot be given to the Doctors of Amador 
County, several of them going from fifteen to twenty miles over 
notoriously rough roads, to examine these twenty or more babies. 
The^'e Doctors gave a much more complete examination than was 
really called for, in many cases performing necessary operations. 
Dr. P. S, Goodman of Sutter Creek deserves special mention, he 
having traveled some thirtj^ miles to one special town and per- 
formed, gratis, over seventeen operations. All this was done for 
the glory of the cause. Many mothers at first refused to enter into 
this work, but upon being informed that it M'as done at the request 
of the Government did so and were greatly pleased with results. 
This v/ork will be continued during the year. 

Education — In regard to this subject, pamphlets, lectures and 
other Educational data have been distributed throughout the schools, 
and children urged to continue their school work. The people have 
been reached through public meetings, where lectures were given, in 
the work of the various departments. Four minute talks by able 
speakers of the community upon the various war questions, etc., 
as sent out by the Government, were highly educational. These 

84 



pamphlets and circulars have been distributed to all, especially to 
those people livinof in the rural districts, and unable to attend the 
meetings. 

Pood Adminis'tration — In regard to "The Food Administration 
and its work," no effort has been spared to educate the people of 
Amador County to the necessity of "Conservation," not only in 
regard to "Food," but in all things pertaining to Conservation. 
The people have been rallied to the cause, and most enthusiastically 
camp to the assistance of the various officers who have had the matter 
in hand. Though our County may not be large in area, it certainly 
has been great in service, especially in regard to "Food Conserva- 
tion." The Committees of the several Units are flooded with fruits 
of all descriptions, and willing hands galore are proffered. 

Home Economics — Housewives are canning and drying fruits 
and vegetables. Much jam and jellies have been put up for the 
Red Cross, by the Home Economics Department. The Conservation 
of Food Exhibits has been planned and will no doubt be as here- 
tofore, most successfully carried out. 

Information and Library Service — This department is being held 
open that any one calling for information in regard to the Women's 
Committee work shall receive the same. 

Liberty Loan — The last Liberty Loan in Amador County was 
carried on by women; as a result the County went away "over the 
top." Plans are now being formulated for a successful campaigning 
in regard to the Fourth Liberty Loan. 

Maintenance of Existing Social Agencies — At the regular meet- 
ing of the Amador County Unit of Women's Committee of National 
and State Defense, the County Chairman of this department pre- 
sented a most interesting and instructive report setting forth the 
ideals and purposes of the work. This department has been estab- 
lished, as we know, for the sole purpose of maintaining the same 
standards of social service activities during war time that have 
existed during peace. 

It is def<^nse work of the foremost importance to protect our 
own home agencies. Not to neglect our home charities and thus 
permit our own poor to suffer. To this end, therefore, the County 
Chairman of the Department of Existing Social Agencies, upon 
asking for permission was empowered hy the County Council to 
present a petition to the County Supervisors asking that Amador 
County increase its allowance for dependent children from $11.00 
to $14 00 per month and for indigent persons from $6.00 to $10.00 
per month. This petition was duly presented at the meeting of 
the Board of Supervisors on September 3rd, results proving most 
gratifving'. Amador County increases its allowance for full orphan 
children from .4^4^.75 to $8.83, and for half orphans from $4.75 to 
$6.25 per month. For indigent persons from $6.00 to $8.00 per 
month. 

So the results of the work of this department have been most 
satisfactory. 

85 



PnhUcity — This department has been one of the most active 
in the Council. The County papers have been most courteous in 
giving space to the data presented. Every issue of the papers has 
contained from one-half to a column of excellent material. 

Educational Propaganda — Plans are being formulated whereby 
an active campaign may be carried on throughout the County this 
winter. 

Health and Recreation — The Chairman of this Department called 
upon the Exemption Board to devise some special insignia or badge 
Ijy ^vhieh our soldier boys might be known and thereby protected, 
as per the law in regard to the enlisted men. 

SPECI.\L WORK 

Special work along the following lines has been most successfully 
carried on throughout the County: 

Liberty Chorus (social gatherings). 

Communit}^ Singing (get together habit). 

Thrift Stamp campaign (over the top). 

Public patriotic meetings (aroused). 

All of the above have been carried out enthusiastically and 
have been productive of most excellent results. 

Sutter Creek Unit conducted an entertainment for the financial 
benefit cf each one of the churches of the community. This was one 
of the .mo-^t successful features of the year's work. The getting to- 
gether of different denominations for the purpose of better under- 
standing of the "Relationship of the Church to the War." 

Plymouth Unit conducted an all day session of the community 
council, largely and most enthusiastically attended, but owing to 
the lack of ''follow tip work," the whole thing fell back to the 
"Women's Council. We still maintain, however, that it was very 
successful owing to the amount of knowledge disseminated among 
the people. 

The Di'vtown Unit gives a farewell party to each man as he 
responds to his "Country's call." The citizens of the community 
jointly contribute to and i)resent each boy with a wrist watch. 

In closing we desire to thank not only the faithful co-workers 
of Amador County, but those splendid women who have given us 
not only "leadership," and "instruction," but inspiration at all 
times and in all places. 

BUTTE— Mrs. W. 0. March, Chairman. 

Estimated population 43,000. 
Organized with nve Town Units. 

DEP.\ETMENT WORK 

Arncricanization — With the publicity given to this Department, 
the community is expecting better relations between American and 
foreign-born in our County. The Italian and Portuguese and Chi- 
nese especially, were active in different drives. A school for foreign 
women has been established by volunteer Avorkers. 

86 



Food Administration — The Women's Committee took entire 
charge of the food pledges, covering the entire County and placing 
a card and information in practically every home in the District. 

The Chairman also served on the price interpreting Committee 
at the request of the County Food Administrator. Noteworthy work 
was done in wheat conservation, and for the "Potato Week." 

Children's Year — The work of the Children's Year Committee 
had been carefully planned but the influenza epidemic badly inter- 
fered with the plans. The first weighing and measuring drive was 
most successful. Every town but one participating and that one 
was omitted on account of a scarlet fever scare. Doctors and 
nurses gave of their time freely, and over a thousand babies were 
examined. 

Liberty Loan — The Women's Committee worked jointly with the 
Men's Liberty Loan Committee. The Chairman again being ap- 
pointed as Chairman of the woman workers. Butte County went over 
the top easily in every drive. 

Publicity — In this Departm.ent, the Women's Committee was 
very fortunate in it? chairman. Her work was commended all over 
the County, especially by the newspapers themselves. 

S"E(^1AL WORK 

The Women's Committee took part in every Drive; every Drive 
was successful. 

Land Army — The women were organized to go into the orchards 
and fields to harvest fruit and grain. 

Stiident Nurse Campaign — Nine applications were sent from 
Butte County. 

hifluenza Epidemic — During the influenza epidemic the saloons 
and ice cream parlors were closed at the request of the Women's 
Comn ittee, also a special meeting of the City Council was called 
to pass a mask ordinance, this was also done at the request of tlie 
Chairman of the Women's Committee. 

Another Baby Week is now being planned. 

Plans are also being considered for the April celebration for 
the returned soldiers. 

CALAVERAS -Mrs. Alice Halley, Chairman. 
Estimated population 8,250. 

While not organized in all departments, this county has done 
effective work in the following lines: 

Food Administration — In carrying out the directions of the Fed- 
eral Administrator, in obtaining Food Pledges and in Educational 
Work. 

Education and Child Welfare — In co-operation with the schools. 

Liberty Loan — Quotas were exceeded in each case and with in- 
creasing proportions. 

Bed Cross — There lias/ been close co-operation between the 
Women's Conmiittee and the County Red Cross organization. The 
Belgian Relief work and the sewing were well supported. A hos- 
pital with eight nurses was opened to care for influenza patients. 

87 



Junior E(d Cross — Collected hundreds of pounds of fruit pits, 
and forwarded them. 

Lihcriy Boys and Liberty Girls — Earned money, which Avas di- 
verted to th(^ Win the War Fund. 

COLUSA — Mrs. E. A. Brim.. Chairman, October, 1917, to January, 
1918; 

Mrs. C. 0. Jordan, Chairman, February, 1918, to date. 

Estimated population 7,882. 
Organij-.ed with six larije town units and four small town units. 

DEPARTMENT W^ORK 

Food Administratioti — Handled the food pledge campaign ; the 
Chairman visited every town in the County at that time and carried 
out directions of the Food Administration. Arranged meetings and 
had speakers on Food Conservation. 

Children's Year — A successful weighing and measuring cam- 
paign was carried on, 798 babies being examined. Searched the birth 
records for the names of the unregistered children of the County and 
notified the parents of those unrecorded. 

Educational Propagay^da — Distributed Government Bulletins and 
pamphlets on all phases of war activities. 

Information and Library Service — This department handled all 
the posters and literature sent to it. 

PnbJicity — Was good. 

Public ITealth — A survey was made of all the dairy farms of the 
County to see what conditions surrounded the handling of milk. 

Liberty Loan — The Women's Committee assisted in the drives. 

ST'EOTAL WORK 

Helped with Y. M. C. A. and other Drives. 
Sent two Student Nurses' applications. 

CONTEA COSTA— Mrs. H. J. Curry, Chairman. 
Estimated population 70,000. 
Organized by thirty-six town units. 

Tt would take too long to go into details of all the good work 
done in Contra Costa County during the war, but to give an idea 
we v/ill take one of the smaller towns in the County, population 
less than tM'o thousand : Total number of glasses of Jelly delivered 
to Camp Fremont- -450. Beligium Relief Clothing, October 4th, 
1918 — 16 cases containing 1568 Garments, 115 pairs shoes. Hos- 
pit.";! Garments— 2678. Refugee, Garments — 966. Knitted Gar- 
ments — 1115. Surgical Dressings — 3801. 

From all Sub-Chairmen in the County splendid reports are re- 
ceived, an active interest taken in all drives going "Over the Top." 

Tn the numerous activities and at every call, the Women of 
Contra Costa County responded eagerly, giving time, ability and 



inonej^ in unstinted amount, and they are justly proud of their work. 

Ecd Cros.'^ Statisficf! — One Salvage Shop — In less than one year 
made one thousand dollars. Drives and Parades, Concerts — Candy 
and bottled fruit sales for l)enefit of Red Cross -were always a 
success. 

Our Red Cross has done wonderful work all through the War 
and Epidemic and used monej^ wherever it did good, and have a 
balance now on hand of over four thousand dollars. 

Child Welfare — Our first drive last June Contra Costa County, 
according to population, was the "Banner County" of the State, over 
3000 babies were weighed and examined. As a result, many opera- 
tions were performed at the expense of the County. We are now 
arranging for our second drive the third week in April. Belgian 
Children have been an incentive for us all both old and young; 
every child that had saved money, did not seem satisfied until it 
was given to Belgian Relief. Clothing for both Women and Children 
was sent from almost every town in the County. 

Nurses and Ambulance Drivers were sent from our County. 

JNIany books and magazines for Army and Navy boys were sent 
from Contra Costa County. Our County Librarian who made the 
appeal was more than pleased with the splendid donations from all 
over the County. 

Boxes of lunches were given the boys in training, each box 
contained good home cooking, — also boxes of nuts and fresh fruit 
were sent along with them. 

Y. M. C. A. Drive in November — Quota 1250, amount raised 
$2,244.66. Our older women as well as the young women worked 
on the draft boards. In order to keep up with what was going 
on, some of our women attended Red Cross and other War meetings 
in other counties. 

Many of our women took the places of men, both in indoor and 
cut of door work. Some dressed in khaki and worked in the Sugar 
Refinery in Crockett, also at the Shell Oil Plant of California at 
Martinez. 

During the Epidemic, the Shell Oil Company furnished a hos- 
pital, paid doctors and nurses, took care of peo])le free of charge, 
gave full pay until they were able to return to work, and are giving 
M'Ork to all their returning soldier boys. 

General co-operation in food rationing and conserving throughout 
the County. U. S. Demonstrators lectured and taught us to be saving 
of sugar, flour and fuel. The Junior Red Cross was most active in 
all War Work in which Juniors could aid. 

DEL NORTE— Mrs. James McNully, Chairman. 
Estimated population 3,500. 

This county is isolated with no railroad, and has not been 
organized for department work, but every woman in the County 
has been giving time to war work. 

The Red Cross has done effective work in its special line and 
handled the Child Welfare work also, holding a successful Children 's 



Year campaign, v/ith a baby clinic. All the women in the County 
have assisted. 

The Del Norte County Woman's Tiuprovement Club has handled 
tlie ITome Economics work. 

The Food Administration work was carried out by the County 
Food Director, and all regidations were strictly observed 

The Liberty Loan was over-subscribed, the women helping, and 
much of the credit for the success is due to them. There was a 
fifty per cent over-subscription for the United War Work Campaign, 
in which women took part. 

ETi DORADO— Mrs. L. J. Dormody, Chairman. 

Estimaicd population 7,500. 

Completely organized with thirty-three precinct units and four 
special district committees. Financial assistance received from 
County, 

DEPARTMENT WORK 

The Children's Year program was enthusiastically undertaken, 
lectures being given on milk and teeth. Three hundred and eighty- 
nine children being carefully weighed and measured, and a per- 
manent Health Center established. Have inspected dairies of County. 

The Food Administration work was systematically conducted, 
beginning with the Food Pledge Campaign. Later a demonstrator 
from the University of California gave nine demonstrations on cook- 
ing and conservation methods. Approved recipes were regularly 
furnished to the newspapers and published widely. Sugar certificates 
were issued throughout the County. 

The Wonnen in Industry Department enrolled 63 women and 
girls in the Women's Land Army, and did effective work in picking 
and packing fruit, and making fruit boxes. 

Information and Library Service work included the collection 
of .^150.00 for the Library War campaign, and the forwarding of 
157 bound volumes to Camp Fremont. 

The Liberty Loan Department through the Women's Committee 
al( ne raised more than the entire quota of the County for the Fourth 
Liberty Loan. Excellent results were also obtained in the earlier 
"anipaigns. 

Educational Propaganda was carried on by a Committee mak- 
ing a house-to-house visit, securing orders for Government publica- 
tions on the war, and by the holding of social meetings with speakers 
using manuscript lectures. 

Other departmental activities were effectively carried on under 
departmental chairmen in the following subjects: Americanization, 
Education, Health and Recreation, Maintenance of Existing Social 
Agencies, Red Cross, Registration, and Publicity. 

SPECIAL WORK 

The Student Njirse Reserve campaign resulted in the enrollment 
of 10 applicants. 

Girls and, Boys in Viar Service — The United War Work cam- 
paign was aided bv special activity among girls and boys, who 
plodojed $600.00. 

90 



FRESNO— Mrs. H. A. Goddard, Chairman, July 8, 1917-Oct. 20, 
1917; 

Mrs. S. A. Williams, Chairman, Oct. 20, 1917, to date. 

Estimated population 100,000. 

Organized with ten toAvn units. 

DEPARTMENT WORK 

Americamzalion — This Department co-operated with the Y. W. 
C, A. in establishing an International Institute among the foreigners, 
with two resident workers and a large hall for recreation. 

A Japanese IMother's Club has been started under the direction 
of an Institute Worker who understands Japanese. The women 
readily respond and are anxious to learn our language and our cus- 
toms. 

The work among the I\Iexieans and Italians is also progressing 
as the women and children and even the men are beginning to feel 
the friendliness and to come to the workers with their problems. 
During the recent epidemic, instructions were given the mothers in 
the care and proper diet for their sick children. 

Classes in English and also in cooking have been started among 
the Russian women and current events are discussed in these classes. 
The women are very eager to learn and are anxious to be good 
American citizens. The work is growing. 

Plans are under way for the establishment of a Community 
Kitchen, where deinonstrations will be given two days per week 
for the benefit of the foreign women. 

Puhlicity — The Chairman reports good co-operation on the part 
of ^he newspapers, and excellent publicity for all stories of Women's 
War Work, throughout the County. The Committee feel that this 
made the success of their work possible. 

Information and Lihrary Service — The work has been carried 
on through the twenty-five County Branch Libraries. Bulletin Boards 
are used to display posters and leaflets. 

In calling attention to special subjects, books dealing with that 
subject are displayed on a rack below the bulletin board. Books on 
Gardening and Cook Books giving recipes for bread made with 
wheat substitutes were much used. Posters and pamphlets were sent 
to the libraries; throughout the Liberty Loan posters have been dis- 
played: books for the camp libraries have been collected. 

Children's Year — A baby measuring and weighing drive was 
called by the State Chairman, Dr. Adelaide Brown, in response to 
a national call for this work and the actual weighing and measuring 
was done at the schools. At the same time, the doctors gave the 
children quite a thorough physical examination. Children found 
in need of medical attention were advised to report to their own 
physician, specialist or adviser as the case should require. A dental 
examination was also given. Notwithstanding the many calls upon 
the time of the physicians, all who were called upon responded 
>\illingly and donated their services for several hours a day for 

91 



tho benefit of "Better Babies." Assisting the physicians were many 
public spirited women taking mothers to and from the clinics in 
machines, writing records in the examining room and helping in 
other ways. 

One hundred and ninety-three follow-up letters were sent to 
the mothers of the community and the answers all showed the 
gratitude of these mothers for the benefit their children derived 
from the clinic. In the case of foreigners, personal calls were made 
into the houses to see whether the advice given at the time of the 
clinic had been followed out. 

There were 2,741 children who received the medical examina- 
tion, but several of the towns sent in their statistics too late for 
the iState reports. 

Home Economics — The teacher of Domestic Science at the Fresno 
High School was appointed Chairman of the Home Economics De- 
partment. She appointed as her sub-chairmen other domestic science 
teachers in high schools throughout the County who followed her 
instructions and carried on the same line of work in their com- 
munities as she did in Fresno City. She began her work in her 
classes at school and through them published a booklet containing 
conservation recipes which were distributed to the public by mem- 
bers of the different classes who gave demonstrations at Holland's 
and Graff's. The Chairman arranged a series of food conservation 
lessons to help the public in conforming to United States formulas. 
These were well attended. 

Aside from these demonstrations in school and in stores, publicity 
was put in the store windows illustrating the starving of garbage 
cans, food values, wheat conservation, sugar substitution, a Ploover 
Thanksgiving dinner. 

During the potato drive week, posters were placed in theaters 
and stores. 

Plans for a Community Kitchen were well under way when 
the "Flu" stopped the work. 

Food Conservation — The first work of the Committee was the 
first Food Pledge Campaign, which was one of the most difficult 
enterprises to put through because the country was not yet educated 
as to the necessity for conservation. It was done in the hottest 
weather experienced in years, and M^as a severe test of patriotism. 

The Second Food Pledge Campaign had very gratifying results, 
with 25,000 signatures. The Committee had food conservation slips 
printed and sent to every merchant in F'resno County for distribution 
'indcr the Food Administration. 

Ten active sub-chairmen were appointed in the County to cari*y 
out the directions of the Food Administration. 

A successful Potato Drive was carried on, also a drive for fruit 
jars to be used for the Indians. 

A survey was made of foreigners and 2,000 recipes in different 
languages were distributed by grocers in different localities where 
foreigners lived. 

Several mass meetings, with distinguislied speakers, were ar- 
ranged in the interest of Food Conservation. 

92 



Liberty Loan— The Wouieu's Committee has worked in all four 
oampaigns. In the Fourth Liberty Loan Campaign women subscribed 
.^850,000, which did not include the "Mr. and Mrs." subscriptions. 

llenlih and Recreation— The patriotic play week of September 
l-5th-22nd, was very successful. ^ 

An extensive program was arranged, and each night a different 
ground held an entertainment consisting of literary and musical 
numbers, as well as athletic contests and pageants. 

Many hundreds of people were on the grounds each night to 
view the 'entertainments, most of which were given by the children 
of the different grounds. 

SPECIAL WORK 

The Chairman and members of the Women's Committee have 
taken an active part in entertainments for the Red Cross, and an 
important part in all patriotic activities and war drives, in some 
places having comT^letc responsibility for them. 

Bed Cross— This organization is represented on the Women's 
Committee. Tlie work of this organization has progressed along the 
usiual lines, knilting, surgical dressings, hospital garments, etc. The 
Salvage Shop has done an especially good business, the receipts for 
one ffav, the opening day after the epidemic quarantine, being 

The Motor Corps has proved its efficiency and has rendered 
valiant service in assembling and delivering chapter supplies and 
materials, in taking canteen workers back and forth, and in carryinj.* 
nurses to their destinations during the epidemic ; in fact this Motor 
Corps service has l)een equipped and ready to meet any emergency 

need. 

Student Nurse Bcserve — Nearly 250 applied for information; 
45 were definitely enrolled and most of them have been assigned 
for dutv. 

Influenza Epidemic— A^ the work of the Women s Committee 
was necessarily at a standstill, the office and workers were turned 
over to securing nurses. One hundred and sixty calls for nurses 
were answered and homes were found for young children whose 
parents bad the tin. 

A Day Nursery — Has been established and in operation for sev- 
eral months. This will accomm.odate between 50 and 60 children 
and supplies them with a good lunch. A fund is also supplied wi'th 
Avhich to fui-nish milk to all children who are not receiving the 
proper amount in their d^et. 

GLENN — ^Irs. C. L. Donohoe, Chairman. 

Estimated population 7,172. 
Organized with two city units and ten district units. 

DEPARTMENT WORK 

Child Welfare — A baby week with lectures and a clinic was 
held. The Committee had the voluntary assistance of local physicians 
and two trained nurses. Sixty-nine children were examined. Plans 
are all made For further examinations in March. 

93 



Food Administration — Handled both food pledge campaigns, and 
arranged for demonstrations of food conservation throughout the 
County. 

InformoMon and Library Service — Have sent out all posters 
and pamphlets furnished, and made collections of books and mag- 
azines for the camp libraries. 

Liherty Loan — The Women's Committee was willing to assist, 
but the men felt they could liandle the campaigns alone. The women 
were not recognized in this work. 

Publicity — The press have been very courteous and have pub- 
lished all material sent them. 

Bed Cross — The Women's Committee has worked with the Red 
Cross, and has assisted in everything when called on. 

SPECIAL WORK 

Stndent Nurse Eeserve — An effort was made to interest the 
young women of the County, and some of them entered training in 
Sao Francisco; one application sent to Washington. 

HUMBOLDT— Mrs. Eva Ricks, Chairman. 

Estimated population 45,000. 
Organized into twentyfive district units. 

DEPARTMENT WORK 

Food Administrafion — Regulations and instructions were ex- 
plained and followed up. The Food Pledges were very fully signed. 
One of the women rode seV'-nty-five miles on horseback through the 
roughest part of the County to get signers of the Food Pledges. 

Liherty Loan — The Committee co-operated in all the Loan Cam- 
paigns, an.l assisted materially in having the County each time exceed 
its quota. 

The other departments were all organized, but have not made 
detailed reports. 

SPECIAL WORK 

Student Nurse Reserve — Three applicants were enrolled for 
nurse training. 

IMPERIAL— Mrs. Violette S. Campbell, Chairman. 
Estimated population 40,000. 
Organized with six city units. 

OKT-ARTMENT WORK 

Americanization — Many School Center meetings were held where 
patriotic programs were given, not only to awaken general public 
interest, but for the purpose of reaching the foreign inhabitants 
through their children. Programs on Americanization have been 
given by all affiliated organizations. Community singing was gen- 
eral. 

94 



Food Adv^nnistratio)! — The Chairman has been untiring in her 
efforts. It has been difficult work because of the scattered popula- 
tion, lack of railroad and telephone connections. There was good 
co-operation with the farm bureau in holding demonstrations and 
lectures on war-time recipes and substitutes, and "war service" 
luncheons were held in all the towns of the County. 

Educaiional Propagmida — This Committee has aided in getting 
war literature and posters distributed. Speakers have been furnished 
for all kinds of patriotic meetings. 

Infonnaiion and, Library Service — Have been most active in 
distribution of v/ar pamphlets, have raised money for soldiers and 
sailors' libraries, prepared window displays bearing on various phases 
of war work, collected and shipped books, and have cheerfully aided 
all other committees. 

Home Economics — Much good work can be credited to this Com- 
mittee, through the schools, and generous co-operation with Food 
Conservation Committee in preparing window exhibits and arrang- 
ing for demonstrations. 

Puhliciiy — This has been a great factor in all the war work of 
the committees, the Chairman handling most of the publicity for 
the Men's Liberty Loan Committee, as well as of the Women's Com- 
mittee activities. 

Girls' War Service — Has co-operated with Junior Red Cross 
and worked with business girls who could not join Junior Red 

Cross. 

Lihcrty Loan — The Committee worked personally, selling almost 
as many bonds as the Men's Committee. The men made the larger 
sales but the women did house-to-house canvassing and much of 
the publicity. 

Children's Year — It was impossible to do anything during the 
Summer on account of the heat, but the Committee has a precinct 
organization ready to go forward when the influenza epidemic is 
over. 

Red Cross — The Women's Committee has given every possible 
assistance to the Red Cross. 

SPECIAL WORK 

The Women's Lavd Army — The Women's Land Army have 
helped to raise great crops of corn, wheat and cotton, as well as 
dairy products. 

The school children were enthusiastic workers in all the drives, 
in one instance picking cotton to earn money to contribute to the 
War Library Fund. 

Influenza Epidemic — The Women's Committee prepared food 
for the sick, registered and placed nurses. 

95 



INYO— Mrs. Ber-trand Rhine, Chairman. 

Estimated population 8,871. 
Organized in five town units. 

l>EPARTi1ENT WORK 

Maintenance of Exhtivg Social Agencies — Survey of hospitals 
and clubs made, results tabulated and report turned in to the State 
Chairman of this department. 

Home and Foreign Rchef — Clothing and funds collected and 
sent to the Belgians and P^rench. 

Home Economics --The Chairman of this department has car- 
ried on the work in tlie County through the schools and has co- 
operated with the teachers in the work. 

Clvildren's Year — The Avork of this department has been seriously 
interrupted by the Influenza Epidemic, but the work of weighing 
and measuring the children Avill go on as soon as possible. 

Food Administrafion — A woman director has been appointed in 
every school district, and literature distributed, talks given and 
demonstrations made. Women of this committee have been to the 
Indian School ind have shovN-ed thcin how to use the substitutes and 
the reasons therefor. 

Liberty Loan — The women of this committee have made talks 
and arranged patriotic meetings to arouse enthusiasm in many 
different towns and have contributed largely to the success of the 
County in the Liberty Loan Drives. 

KERN — .Mrs. L. P. (iuiberson. Chairman. 

Estimated population 54,073. 
Organized by four city and eleven district units. 

DFPARTMENT WORK 

AmGricanization — Tliere being comparatively few foreign speak- 
ing people in Kern County, and no strictly foreign settlements, or 
colonies. We did not special work in this department but in the 
Food Conservation drives, where we came in personal contact with 
practically every housewife in the county, the workings, needs and 
desires of the Government were fully explained. The same practice 
was carried out in all War Fund drives, and Liberty Loan, and 
War Stamp campaigns, and we feel quite sure that the foreign ele- 
ment in our County now has a much better conception of the prin- 
ciples of our government, and the relationship existing between the 
government and the people, than they had before. The P. T. A. 
has also done much good along Americanization lines, in the War 
Gardens, and schools they have established for girls past the com- 
pulsory age wlicre they have been taught housekeeping, the proper 
care of children, besides elementary arithmetic, reading, grammar, 
history and geography. 

Child We/./are— This department working through the P. T. A. 
has accom]i]ished a great deal. Last year they fed forty-two under- 

96 



nourished children at sep;irate tables in their cafeterias, keeping 
close watch and tab on the improvement of these poor children. A 
great many garments were made (mostly from old clothes) and given 
to the poorer children that they might be kept in school. Numerous 
cases concerning the child referred to tlie committee received careful 
attention and assistance rendered where necessary. 

Children's Year — Under the Government plan for Children's 
Year, the Chairman has vis.ited every community in Kern County 
where there is a post office and has secured five permanent health 
centers, outside of Bakersfield and Taft, and a free dental clinic 
in Bakersfield. Six thousand children under six years of age, are 
registered by years and months, with address of parents. We have 
a County nurse and two Scliool nurses for the County. 

Education — Tn May the Department of Education, at the re- 
quest of Mrs. Margaret McNaught, State Chairman and member of 
the State Board of Education, made a survey of the school children 
in Kern County. Questiomiaires and literature were sent to every 
teacher in the County. The object being to obtain information as 
to the effect of tJie war on school attendance. It was found from 
the survey that the children of Kern County were not being de- 
prived of educational opportunities because of the war, and more 
than seventy-five per cent of the teachers expressed their willingness 
to interest themselves in the children who leave school under sixteen 
years of ago. 

Food Ad'ininht ration — Before the appointment of the County 
Director in Septcmbr, the County had been well canvassed in the 
interest of food conservation by the Chairman of Economics, and 
the Woman Director of Kern County Farm Bureaus. There is a 
well organized Home Section in every Farm Center where prac- 
tical demonstrations covering the use of all food substitutes have 
been given ; also demonstrations in canning, preserving and drying 
fruits and V(^getables. The Woman I)irector urged the signing of 
Pledge cards to conserve food, and gave out hundreds of gov- 
ernment bulletins. 

In the Bakersfield Unit, the Director organized the high school 
girls during the summer vacation, who canned and dried many hun- 
dreds of quarts of fruit and vegetables for the use of the school 
cafeterias and the dependent families of soldiers and sailors. 

The Woman Director has appointed fifteen chairmen. Each 
chairman having a captain and lieutenants covering a certain pre- 
cinct, district or block. 

Girls' War Work — The Girls' Patriotic League is most inter- 
esting. It is composed of the women members of the faculty and 
the girl students of the high schools, and has greatly augmented the 
work of the Junior Red Cross. They have made 2000 surgical 
dressings, knitted garments and socks, canned fruit and made 
sacrifice boxes, bought Liberty Bonds and War Savings Stamps, and 
taken an active part in the Y. M. C. A. and the Y. W. C. A. drives, 
collected peach pits, made French wool dolls and paper knitting bags. 
The nuisance of girls hanging around troop trains has been frowned 

97 



upon anti discouraged. At noontime diversion was afforded the girls 
by playing the piano, singing and dancing in the gymnasium. 

Home Economics — In tliis department, the teacher of Domestic 
Science in the Kern County High School, was appointed chairman, 
and conservation in every ph{)se has been taught. Practical demon- 
strations in the cooking of foods and practical help in the use of 
the various substitutes have gone directly into the various homes, 
together with hundreds of tested recipes, and many valuable gov- 
ernment bulletins on food conservation. 

Library and. Information — Through the County Librarian, who 
is chairman oC Information and Library Service, 3000 food bulletins 
and many other govm-nment bulletins, and 600 posters were sent to 
the branch libraries in the Count}'' and to the schools, thus the 
people living in the distant mountain or desert regions! of the 
County were kep)t informed as to how they could besit help to win 
the war. 

Liberty Loans — For the first Liberty Loan Drive we were not 
yet organized. In the second drive, our Committee through its 
Chairman, offered its services to the regular County Liberty Loan 
Committee, and our women worked with the regular committee, no 
separate account was kept. In the third Liberty Loan Drive it is 
of interest to know that the Vv'oraen of Kern County bought, in 
their own names, $164,000.(''0 worth, but no separate record of 
the aid given by our Committee was kept. In the fourth Liberty 
Loan Drive our Coraroittee did excellent work. Our Committee 
worked under captains in the regular County Liberty Loan Com- 
mittee. Mr. Alfred Ilarrell, County Chairman, gives the women 
credit for selling three-quarters of a million dollars worth of the 
four Liberty Loan Bonds. 

Mainicnance of Existivg Social Agencies — The only social 
agencies in Kern County are th(; County Detention Home and the 
Children's Shelter. Mr. Badger, Probation Officer, reports 118 cases 
received during the year, many of whom have been placed in homes 
of relatives and other private homes. 

The Children's Siielter is dependent entirely upon local charity. 
Between June, 1917, and June. 1018, 38 children w^re cared for. 
From June, 1918, to rlanuary, 1919, 38 were cared for. None of these, 
the President says, were the result of war conditions. 

There is also the Infant's League. This organization, number- 
ing about 75 women, is working to save the little lives and helf 
the newly made mother, and have a splendid record. They have 
acquired a hospital fund and a hospital bed, and the free services 
of a competent physician. Several sets of layettes are continually 
on hand, as well as talcum j)0wder, safety pins, soap and clean 
rags. There is also a bed linen loan. Forty-six mothers and their 
new born babies have been cared for, and many babies supplied 
with artificial nourJsliment. Forty-four destitute school children were 
outfitted with warm underclothing. No line is drawn— white, black, 
]\Iexiean or Oriental — all received the same conscientious care. 

Pnblicity- -AW County i)apers have been good in giving publicity 
to our work. 

98 



Women in TnclKstrif— The Chairman has co-operated with the 
Farm Bureau. As conditions and wages of women in Kern County 
are good, no special adjustments have been found necessary. 

SPECIAL WORK 

The first Food Conservation Drive was made and financed 
entirely by the Women's (.\)minittee. 

We had full eharire of the Y. W. C. A. War Fund Drive and 
with a quota of Ji=900.00 we secured $3,997.30. 

Our County Chairmen all ever the County gave publicity in 
their districts to the Sailors and Soldiers Insurance, and to the 
latest U. S. rulings on the Income Tax Law. 

For the IT. S. Student Nurse Reserve our Committee sent in 
eleven applications, five of whom are now in the service. 

During the Influenza Epidemic our Chairmen gave much time 
to the finding and pla(!ing of nurses, and in nursing and cooking, 
and, in two instances were at the heads of Red Cross temporary 
hospitals. 

Speakers were furnished for Food Conservation, Red Cross, 
Y. ^\. C. A. and Y. AV. C. A. 

In all Liberty Loan, Red Cross and War Fund Drives of all 
kinds, our Committee took an active part. We believe that the 
active co-operation ol' our Committee and their dissemination of 
educational propaganda has been of inestimable help in every war 
activity from money to (^Id clothes. 

KINGS — ]\rrs. Hope Pyburn-Johnson, Chairman. 
Estimated population 23,000. 
Organized in thirty-nine school districts. 
Has a Woman's War Service Army. 

DEP.VKTMENT W^ORK 

Children's Year — Tl'.e Children's Year Committee conducted the 
June weighing and measuring drive, holding clinics in three towns, 
Ilanford, Lemoore and Corcoran. Previous to the date of clinic a 
survey by school districts of children from six months to six years, 
Avas made. Children from each district were assigned to center 
most convenient and parents were notified as to time and place 
for their examination. There was no sample score card in the 
hands of the Committee until the Secretary of the Japanese Associa- 
tion came with forty Japanese children, bringing with him elaborate 
and extensive instructions from the Japanese Consul. One thousand 
and fifty-eight children were examined in the County. Hanford, 
453; Corcoran, 105, and Lemoore, 500. The November drive was 
not carried out on account of the Influenza Epidemic. The Children's 
Year Committee were very active and helpful in the campaign for 
the establishment of a Local Health District, fully appreciating the 
value of such a movement for cliild life. When this effort proved 
vain, the Committee turned their attention to the securing of a Public 
Health Nurse. This project is their final and crowning accomplish- 

99 



inent. Kings County takes its place with all forward looking com- 
munities and gives notice to the world that its children are con- 
sidered as valuable as its live stock and therefore are to receive in- 
telligent public care and protection. Early in the year, when this 
department was known as Child Welfare, there was a very in- 
structive and educational meeting held by the Chairmen to consider 
the topic Children and the War. Speakers presented three phases 
of the subject: Child Conservation, Children and Public Health 
and. Education and Ideals. This was in the nature of education 
propaganda for the Department. 

EcTiication-T-The Questionnaire sent out by the State Chairman 
of P]ducation was mailed to each school in the County. The returns 
were highly unsatisfactory ; of the three thousand school children 
in Kings County returns were made of only about one-third of that 
number. 

Food Administration — The first activity of the Women's Com- 
mittee in Kings County was the July drive for Food Pledges. A 
very good response was had, and many of the workers who have 
proven faithful to the last were active in this first undertaking. All 
arrangements had been made, according to instructions from the 
State oftiee, for the carrying out of the November drive for Food 
Pledges, when it was announced that a special director for this 
work had been appointed. Tim Women's Committee turned over its 
plans and its workers to this new organization and worked with 
untiring energy throughout the drive. 

Previous to the JSToveinber Food Pledge Drive the Women's 
Committee offered two prizes (one for girls and one for boys) to 
the elementary schools in Kings County, for the best essay upon 
the subect ''Why Our Mothers Should Sign the Food Pledge." 
Prizes were awarded to winners during Food Conservation Mass 
l^Teeting, November 1st, 3917. This proved to be a very good form of 
Food Propaganda. Prize essays were published in local newspapers. 

The Housekeeper's Institute, a two days' meeting was con- 
ducted by the Food Conservation Chairman. There were three 
speakers with practical demonstrations in substitutes for wheat, meat, 
sugar and fats. The demonstrators were furnished by the University 
of California Extension Dej)artment. Following closely upon the 
November drive was the appointment of a Woman Director for 
the Food Administration of Kings County. All further work among 
the women for the Food Administration was carried out under her 
supervision. An active campaign was conducted for Food Con- 
servation in which work the whole Women's Committee co-operated 
heartily. 

Health and, Recreation — When this Department was organized 
as Public Health the Chairman submitted a very comprehensive pro- 
gram of activity. The first project was a proposal to the people of 
Kings County for the formation of a Local Health District, to in- 
clude and be coincident with the county boundaries. This under- 
taking represented perhaps the most important effort of this Com- 
mittee. It covered seven months of effort, which included petitions 

100 



circnlatf^d through the entire County; educational meetings, pub- 
licity, conferences, witli City Trustees and County Supervisors. The 
aim sought was a full time Health Officer and a unified Health 
Administration for the whole County. The effort was organized 
under Assembly Bill No. 1424. The City Trustees of the_ three 
municipalities refused to endorse the movement and thus it was 
aborted, but from the standpoint of education in matters of Pub- 
lic Health the effort was not lost and when the project is again 
undertaken the seed that was sown will spring into life and bear 
a fruitful harvest. 

Information and Library Service — The County Library has been 
the center for distribution of all classes of information and reference 
requested by the different departments. Mimeographed copies of 
any material presented were always gladly prepared by the office 
force. 

Liberty Loan — The Women's Committee, while never taking di- 
rect charge of Liberty Loan work has always been ready to assist 
in any way, only waiting to be directed by the County Chairman. 
The Woman Director has always been a member of the Executive 
Committee of this organization. 

Maintenance of Existing Social Agencies — Being largely a rural 
community, the number of Social Agencies in the County is small. 
Therefore the activities of tin's Department have been rather limited. 
However, the questionnaire sent out by the State office was dis- 
tributed and investigation of facilities for training prospective student 
nurses was made. 

Publicity — The public i)ress have given space as they found 
they could to the different activities of the Women's Committee. 
This has been appreciated. Much of importance has been crowded 
out by the flood of matericil that the different war activities have 
>=;ent out. 

Red Cross — The Red Cross has had the hearty support of the 
Women's Committee at all times and through the Woman's War 
Service Army they have made a survey of available help for the 
Influenza patients during the recent epidemic. The Christmas Roll 
Call Drive for Kings County was also handled by this War Or- 
ganization, 

Women in Industry — At the request of the Women's Committee 
of Kings County the San Joaquin Valley District Federation of 
Women's Clubs placed the subject of Women in Industry upon its 
nrogram for the 1918 session of that organization held in Hanford. 
Katherine Phillips Edson, State Chairman of this Department was 
^he speaker chosen. Her address was the source of much favorable 
comment, and proved very enlightening to those interested in this 
phase of the War Problems. 

SPECIAL WORK 

Student Nurse Reserve — The work of recruiting for the Student 
Nurse Reserve was carried on in Kings County during the second 
week in August. Executive members in each district were notified 
of the drive and requested to make a survey of her territory for 

101 



possible recruits and directed to have any candidates appear at 
recruiting headquarters during the dates mentioned. The Red Cross 
cc-operated in furnishing recruiting officers to act with members 
of the Women's Committee. The response of recruits was not as 
ready ^s we had hoped for and of those who applied many lacked 
the educational qualifications. Only two of those who applied were 
educationally qualified for the Array Nursing School and only one 
of this number registered for this work and she was accepted in 
a civilian hospital and hence was not reported to the Government 
for service. Of the twenty who applied, only one was finally properly 
registered and sent through the Government agency to a hospital 
training school. However, of the twenty who applied we have 
knowledge of four who are now receiving their training, all going 
into hospital training schools immediately upon learning of the 
need for student nurses. So while actually reporting only one re- 
cruit to headquarters. Kings County actually contributed at least 
four student nurses to the cause of humanity. 

Iniiuenza Epidemic — At the request of the Red Cross the 
TV omen's Committee co-operated with the Chamber of Commerce 
office force in the registering of help, both nursing and home keepers, 
male and female, for the influenza sufferers. This included the 
registering of those in need and the final bringing together of the 
help and the helpless. In this way sixty-five helpers were placed and 
also food and clothing distributed to needy cases. Of those volun- 
teering their services in this crisis many fell victim to the disease, 
nnd t\vo young women. Miss Beth Rourke and Mrs. Esther Mercke, 
gave their lives. These young lives were as much sacrificed to the 
cause of humanity as any of the heroes who have fallen on the field 
of battle and we pause in silent tribute to their memory. 

Y. W. C. A Drive — Thp Women's Committee assumed charge of 
the first drive for funds for the Y. W. C. A. A definite quota was 
a^isigned to each district and within one week Kings County quota 
of $1,000 was subscribed. A check for $1,173.30 was forwarded 
tc the Ti^resno Headquarters. 

'Wonmn's War Service Army — Acting upon the suggestion of 
the Mills Conference, the Kings County Women's Committee organ- 
ized the Woman's War Service Army, a semi-military body with 
a Major in command and Captain in charge of each school district. 
The captain has two lieutenants and as many sergeants as the popula- 
tion warrants. In the towns the city block was made the unit of 
territory. In the rural districts the geographical section was the 
unit. Each captain was furnished with a blue print map of her 
territory and explicitly instructed as to organization. The captain 
of the school district automatically becamie the executive member 
for that district upon the Women's Committee. The plan has 
proven very effective and the army has handled the drives and sur- 
veys placed in its charge with entire satisfaction. 

('ommunity Coyncils — The Women's Committee co-operated with 
the Kings County War Relief Association in conducting a Patriotic 
Rally at which time speakers presented the matter of Community 
Council. In the organization of this movement, the Women's Com- 

102 



mittee gave full support. One of the features of the all-day program 
v\'as the Woman's Conservation Luncheon, given under the auspices 
of the Women's Committee. At this luncheon was presented re- 
port's from all t)ie Woutmi's organizations in Kings County doing 
nny form of wfir work. 

Reduciion of Delivcrie<; — At the request of the Women's Com- 
mittee the matter of reduction of deliveries was considered by the 
>rierehai:ts of the County and a two delivery a day system adopted. 

LAKl<j — Mrs. Leonora May, Chairman. 

Estimated population 5,000. 
Organized with five district units. 

DEPARTMENT WORK 

Food Administration and Home Economics — The Chairmen of 
tJHse Departments have worked together and have carried out all 
federal directions throughout the County. 

Cldldren's Year — Successful work has been carried out in this 
dei)rirtment since the date of organization. 

Jnfonnation and Library Service — The Library has used all 
posters and pamphlets on war subjects. 

Publicity — Three County newspapers used the news material of 
the Women's Committee. 

Liberty Loan — Lake County was "over the top" in all Liberty 
Loan cimpaigns and the women helped. 

RI'ECIAL WORK 

A Speakers' Committee was organized and ready to serve the 
community at all times. 

The Women's Committee made a mammoth Service Flag for 
the community. Organized n military funeral for one of the soldiers 
who died from shell wounds received in France. 

Have taken preliminary steps for a community service organiza- 
tion and are ready for read.jvistment w^ork. 

The women of the County helped to harvest and dry a large 
crop of fruit which would otherwise have spoiled. They established 
a center where women could meet to dry their fruit. 

LASSPJN — Mrs. C. E. Emerson, Chairman. 

Estimated population 10,000. 
Organized with forty-five district units. 

DEFVVRTMENT WORK 

Food Administration — Sub-chairmen were appointed in every 
district where there was a general store to handle sugar permits. 

Official bulletins were sent throughout the County and dis- 
tributed in all public places. Hoover's last message was read in 
pll the churches and published in all the newspapers. Public meet- 
ings were arranged for addresses on Food Conservation. Letters 

103 



were sent to every sdiool in tlie County requesting that Hoover pro- 
grams be arranged. 

Home Economics AW leaflets and literature were distributed 
and a l^rge niiiiib. r of the Conservation Cook Books, issued by Mills 
College, were sold. 

Children's Year — Health and Recreation and Children's Year 
were under thi same Chairman. The weighing of children and all 
other work planned under tliis head was carried out. 

Information and Library Service — The work of this Committee 
has been the distribution of conservation literature; distribution of 
posters; keepirg up-to-date literature on war subjects on reading 
tables for ready reference and placing posters in conspicuous places. 

Liherty Loan — The Women's Committee has $60,000 to dtsi 
credit in the fourth drice. 

rtiblicity — Reports of all meetings and activities have been 
printed in the local papers. A large quantity of food leaflets were 
left at the office of a local newspaper and a notice of the free dis- 
tribution of same was published, 

SPECIAL WORK 

Cooking Recipes — A series of war-time cookery recipes were 
compiled and edited by the Publicity Chairman and published in 
the Lassen Advocate, the series covering a period of several weeks. 
The recipes wei-e solicited, personally and by means of circular letters 
from Chairmen of the Women's Committee throughout the County 
and from Red Cross officials of the local chapter and its branches 
and auxiliaries. Each recipe was signed by the contributor and 
her official position was also given. The series was very suc- 
cessful. 

LOS ANGELES— Ur. Jessie Russell, Chairman, June, 1917, to July, 

1918; 

Mrs. J. F. Sartori, Chairman, July, 1918, to date. 

Estimated population 867,000. 

Organized with fortyfive town units. 

In the majority of towns and districts, some form of precinct 
organization was the means by which all drives were made, cor- 
responding very closely to the Women's War Service Army System, 
more generally employed in the Northern part of the State. 

One city of 60,000 employed a system kno^vIl as "Our Channel." 
The city was divided into ten districts. The District Chairman ap- 
pointed Precinct Chairmen, who secured house to house canvassers. 
The same individuals were also used in a telephone channel. The 
system included six hundred women. All drives, distribution of 
food bulletins, calls for children's year work, handling of salvage, 
census, and a housing survey, were conducted by this agency. 

104 



Food Administration 
Mrs. Elizabeth M. Mumford, Chairman. 

In organizing the Food Administration work the Director ap- 
pointed sixty-nine women chairmen in the different cities of the 
County. 

Eaeli chairman appointed was asked to form a committee under 
her of one representative from every woman's organization in that 
town. This plan was not carried out in the smaller towns, but 
thirty-nine chairmen appointed active committees which represented 
more than three hundred women's organizations. In a few places 
it was thought best to make use of the precinct plan. Through this 
means women's organizations were reached and the householder of 
every home was informed of the food regulations in a very short 
time after they reached the County Director's office. 

Publicity was obtained through churches, schools and local news- 
papers. Information was sent out promptly from the Director's 
office and mimeographed copies were made of all orders and regula- 
tions sent out from headquarters; also copies of all useful recipes 
that might help to conserve food. 

Bulletin boards were put up in many of the cities upon which 
posters and the latest Food regulations could be placed. In some 
places the bulletin boards were erected by the Cliambers of Com- 
merce. In every way possible the information furnished by the 
Food Administration was spread throughout the County from the 
largest city to the smallest village. 

The Food Administration held three all-day conferences where 
the speakers gave to the attending chairmen much information in 
every department of their work. 

The last week of June an encampment for Home Economics 
teachers was held at the State Normal Training School. The en- 
campment was open to all domestic science teachers in the County 
for one week's training and demonstration. Room and tuition Avas 
given free; meals were served at a nominal price; this made it pos- 
sible for many to attend — the average attendance being eighty. The 
teachers afterward volunteered to work during the summer vacation 
wherever needed in the County. 

This organization was in full operation by August 1st, when 
instructions were received that the chairman in each town was to 
issue permits for all canning sugar bought at the groceries. Thirty- 
seven thousand six hundred and fifty permits were issued from the 
Director's office between August 1st and November 9th, when the 
canning sugar permits stopped. 

The Director made trips of varying lengths around the County, 
visiting each community. 

Various meetings were attended and speeches made by many 
people thoroughly posted in the different lines of this work. 

During the months of this work, this office has sent out thousands 
of recipes and pamphlets to be distributed to the housewives of the 
County; held meetings in several of the towns where demonstrators 
and speakers were furnished, in some instances noteworthy results 

105 



have been obtained l)y Community Canning and Conservation of 
Food on a large scale. Much credit is to be given Miss Flagg, the 
County Director of Home Economics; Miss Beckett of the Normal 
Training School, and Mrs. Jessica Hazzard, County Demonstrator, 
for their very efficient help in securing speakers and demonstrators. 

Children's Year 
Dr. Julia Johnson, Chairman. 

Report made by Dr. J. L. Pomeroy, County Health Officer. 

The County Plan — The County Health Office prepared and dis- 
tributed mimeographed copies of instructions, circulars and material 
for canvass of homes, and also distributed the diet sheets, posters 
and other material received from the State Organization. The items 
of State plan which were especially carried out, were as follows -. 

1. Improvement of Birth Begistration — Special literature was 
prepared and given to each mother who came to the conferences, on 
the importance of this subject. An investigation was made into the 
workings of the Vital Statistics Act with the result that many glaring 
defects in the present system of birth registration were shown to 
exist in this County. 

2. Puhlic Health Nurses — An analysis was made by the Health 
Officer of Los Angeles County showing that the work of Public Health 
Nurses established in rural districts, was the most important portion 
of our Stale Program, l^ecause of the fact that at least fifty per cent 
of the infant deaths take place during the first month of their 
existence. It was obvious therefore, that home visits by nurses must 
be secured, because during this period of the child's life, the mother 
cannot come to conferences. 

The method in use at the present time of securing additional 
nurses in an economic manner, has been the formation of combinations 
with school districts and cities, dividing the expense and also the 
time of the nurse, in accordance with the population of the district. 
Results of the activities of Children's Year Work have been respon- 
sible for the placing at least four additional full-time nurses in the 
field and several additional districts are contemplating entering into 
agreement with the County Health Department for nurses. 

It is noteworthy that the infant work and school work in the 
rural districts have been combined, and that the school house is the 
health center for nearly all of the work in the outside districts. 
During the past year two hundred and thirty-four classes have been 
held on child hygiene for the girls in many of the County schools. 

3. No work can succeed without an administrative head. Con- 
sequently the aim was set for a woman physician who should be 
the health officer in charge of the child hygiene work in the County 
Health Department. One nurse also was to be assigned to assist 
the Health Officer in organizing this program. By this method, the 
weighing and measuring work was standardized, and thus is more 
accomplished than where such work is performed without the super- 
vision of one trained person. As a result of the program, the Board 
of Supervisors of Los Angeles County voted $1500.00 for the ex- 
penses of this special bureau, and thus this work is continuous, and 
we hope permanent. 

106 



Eealih Centers for Weighing and Measuring Conferences — From 
"M'Ay 15tli until tlie latter part of September, when the epidemic of 
Influenza broke out and stopped the work, 45 conferences had been 
held. The number of babies examined, weighed and measured, were 
;?507. Number of special conferences among the Japanese, 16 ; num- 
ber of incorporated cities co-operating, 15; number of copies of bul- 
letins and other data of information distributed, 8^000. 

Special Japanese Work — Owing to the fact that in Los Angeles 
County about one-third of the children under one year are Japanese, 
it was necessary to provide a special order to cover this group. Con- 
sequently Dr. James Ilara and a Japanese nurse were engaged to 
carry out the Children's Year program among the Japanese, th<. 
Southern California Japanese Association and Business Men's Or- 
ganization having agreed to pay the expenses of the nurse. As a 
result of this special campaign, which was wonderfully received, 
795 Japanese children were accurately weighed and measured, and 
advice given to the parents. So far as we know, this is the first 
campaign of its kind to be attempted in the West. 

Results — The Children's Year Work in the rural districts in 
the small cities has resulted in a great awakening of interest and 
definite appropriation of $1500.00 for a bureau of child hygiene 
in the County Health Department. Also, a special ordinance is 
being prepared to cover these activities. One great definite need 
has been shown by this work, and that is re-organization of the health 
departments of the smaller cities of which there are thirty-six in the 
County, so that tlie work is standarized throughout the County. The 
great growing group of public opinion is demanding that the sixth 
class cities unite in their health work with the County. Until this 
reform is accomplished we believe that all health campaigns will find 
serious difficulty, owing to the fact that the smaller cities are so 
ill-prepared to do their part in the program. This defect was brought 
before the Committee on Legislation of the 1918 County Grand Jury, 
with the result that a bill has been introduced at the present Legis- 
lature, providing the legal machinery whereby a consolidation of 
the health work of the smaller cities may be brought about with 
that of the County. This would solve in an economical manner the 
problem of administration, and aid in the formation of definite centers 
throughout the County. 

Tlie constant advice and aid of the State Committee in Children's 
Year Work was much appreciated by our County and local com- 
mittees. 

Detailed statistics have been sent to the State Chairman. 

Liberty Loan 

Mrs. J. T. Anderson, Chairman. 

During the first Liberty Loan Campaign, the women were not 
organized. They did some educational work, attended patriotic meet- 
ings, bought some bonds, but no records were kept. 

For the Second Liberty Loan a vigorous campaign was launched 
in clubs and all units of organization possible. Educational prop- 
aganda was distributed in form of writing, talks and lectures. 

107 



Sale of bonds by women recorded, $1,500,000. 

The Third Liberty Loan found the Women's Committees well 
organized. Special Precinct Committees were ready for house to 
house canvass throughout the city. Every Club had its committee — 
National organizations, Fraternal organizations, Sororities, Church 
Guilds, Women in Industry, National Allies Teams — all were repre- 
sented. Emergency and Efficiency Committees were formed, Auto- 
mobile Service, Speakers' Bureau, Flying Squadron, Publicity Com- 
mittees, 

In the cities of the County, the same general plan has prevailed 
and in smaller towns and rural districts Community Centers were 
established. 

During the Third Loan the Women's Committee showed bonds 
sold, $3,500,000. 

The Fourth Liberty Loan carried the same Committees and 
practically the same Chairmen as in the previous campaign. Better 
training was evidenced. As a preliminary to the opening of the 
campaign, the women made a complete census of every precinct and 
portion of the city and a considerable portion of the County. 

The work of the larger towns throughout the County was most 
commendable — both in form of organization and in results obtained. 

The principal change in methods of this campaign over former 
campaigns was in fusion of committees in a portion of the City and 
County, of the Men's and Women's Committees. 

In the precincts of Los Angeles City, the Chairmanship and 
secretarial Avork of each and every precinct was accorded the 
Women's Committee and the Vice-Chairmanship and work of Col- 
lector to the Men's Committee. The salesmanship work was done by 
the joint committees composed of both men and women. 

A separate record was kept in each precinct, however, of the 
bonds sold by the women. 

The work throughout Women's Clubs and other organizations 
was conducted in the usual manner. 

The total sales of the Women's Committee of the Fourth Liberty 
Loan Campaign were $26,106,150. 

Los Angeles County Free Library 

Celia Gleason, Librarian. 

From the beginning of the war in Europe to the signing of the 
armistice, the County Free Library has endeavored to anticipate 
demands and meet requests. Books were provided covering the his- 
toric background of the w^ar, the principles involved, and as the war 
progressed, books on the conduct of the war, personal narratives and 
the poetry and fiction that have been published in such numbers. 
Each branch was supplied with papers and magazines that gave 
periodical summaries of events. 

To two hundred and ninety-two points we sent in varying num- 
bers, posters and literature so liberally supplied by the library di- 
vision of the State Council of Defense of California. With the de- 
velopment of the work, as food production and conservation became 
more and more important, duplicates of books and pamphlets already 

108 



in the library were secured and distributed. Custodians of branches 
and teachers held special exhibits to stimulate interest. Thus was 
brought to the remote parts of the County the advertising and in- 
formation that filled the towns and cities. 

In all the campaigns for funds the library took an active part, 
the librarian serving on committees. During the drive for funds 
for the A. L. A. in the autumn of 1917, the particular contribution 
of the County Free Library was a book plate that played a prominent 
part throughout the County. In the United War Work Campaign 
of 1918, the County went over the top very early and the contribution 
was in excess of the quota. On the Ked Cross Drive the entire 
library staff, including custodians at the branches, pledged not less 
than one per cent of the salary received, to be paid for the period 
of the war. On the Liberty Loan Drives the library did its part 
both in contributions and in disseminating literature and posters. 

As soon as the A. L. A. work was under way, contributions of 
books and magazines were collecl^ed and prepared at the County Free 
Library headquarters in the Hall of Records and were sent to the 
camps ready for use. In addition, this library loaned to Camp 
Kearny working materials and some of the more expensive books of 
reference. 

By special permission of the Board of Supervisors this library 
was able to schedule for service at Camp Kearny any of its staff 
needed. To the present time ten months of service has been ren- 
dered. For permanent service the librarian of our branch at the 
County Hospital was released to take charge of the Base Hospital 
at Camp Kearny, in the pay of the A. L. A. as was also one of our 
men, for service at Camp Cody, and later at Camp Kearny. Early 
in the war two men of the staff entered the army, and for Sgt. Elwyn 
Charles McKinnon the library is entitled to display a gold star. 
As the work at the small camps in Los Angeles County developed, 
this library has assisted in every way possible, contributing books 
and magazines to the support of the work of the entire district. 

Educational Propaganda 
Miss Mary Keyes, Chairman. 

The work of this Committee has been the circulation of the 
manuscript lectures and the distribution of official literature from 
the Committee of Public Information. 

A plan has been submitted for the expansion of the work in 
Los Angeles County. This plan undertakes to create a Community 
Center in each town in the County; the Chairman of the Center to 
carry on for the Community, the work of propaganda hitherto di- 
rected from the Los Angeles office. 

There were forty -two lectures used. 

The method of distril)ulion was as follows: 

1. Card index kept of all subscribers and of all lectures called 
for and returned, with the dates. 

2. Lectures to be ke])t two Aveeks. 

109 



3. Mailing lists have been prepared to be sent to the Bureau 
of Information in Washington, that the new material might be sent 
to all on tlie mailing list. 

HoniP Economics 

Miss Rita P. Plagg, Chairman. 

The first work in connection with Food Conservation was done 
under the direction of the Home Economics Association. 

Chairmen were appointed for each County in Southern Cali- 
fornia. 

The Board of Education in the City of Los Angeles stood 
strongly behind every effort put forth, and allowed the teacher to 
take freely from the school time for any necessary work. In June, 
]9]7, they ordered printed a set of Thrift Recipes, that were dis- 
tributed broadcast throughout the counties and soon were scattered 
from the Atlaiitic to the Pacific, and from Canada to the Gulf of 
Mexico. Fifty thousand of these were given out at that time and 
we still have calls coming in for this little pamphlet. 

The summer months were devoted to intensive work in canning 
and dehydration of perishable foods. In September all Chairmen 
and all Cookery Teachers who could be reached, were called into 
Los Angeles for a brief course of instruction, giving them the latest 
rules and wishes of the United States Food Administration. Gov- 
ernment pamphlets were distributed freely and all the posters that 
could be obtained. 

After preliminary work, regular, systematic work was intro- 
duced into all the schools, rural and urban. Weekly talks were 
arranged in all rooms above the kindergarten. Posters were made in 
the Art Department, cook books were prepared in the paper work, 
recipes were sent out weekly for the pupils to carry to their homes, 
current events were turned especially to food conditions. Minute 
talks were given by live speakers, mothers' classes were started in 
many schools, lectures and demonstrations were given by teachers to 
women's clubs and Parent Teacher Associations. 

In June, 1918, an Institute was opened at the Los Angeles State 
Normal School and an intensive course in canning and dehydrating 
was given by experts in these lines. These lectures and demonstrations 
^^ere free to all who volunteered to give their services for lecture 
work during the summer months. 

In Los Angeles City during the siTramer of 1918 the Board of 
Education at the request of the County Chairman of Home Economics, 
opened fifty-two food centers, where the women of the neighborhood 
were allowetl to come and can, or dry, either products raised from 
their own gardens or those gathered from market gardens where they 
would otherwise have spoiled. 

Long Beach, Pasadena. Sierra Madre and several other places 
in this County established Community Centers and worked daily in 
these, saving fruit that would otherwise have been w^asted. 

In September the work continued and there was no cessation 
until the Influenza put a stop to all social affairs. 

110 



In connection with the work of the Junior Red Cross, the work 
in the sewing ro(*ins of the Los Angeles City Schools was reorganized 
for the war and thus it was possible for the teachers and pupils in 
the elementary and high schools to prepare a large output without 
sacrificing any educational value. 

Woincn in Industry 

The most interesting report under this head comes' from a 
ship building and industrial district where the Chairman reports 
5,000 women and girls placed since June, 1917, some 700 lieing 
wives of soldiers and sailors. 

These women were placed in canneries, woolen mills, sugar 
factories, etc., working as chemists, knife grinders, station operators, 
bookkeepers, filers, car cleaners, grocery clerks, sash and door factory 
workers, (Unlivery and truck drivers, messengers, dairy, fruit, poultry 
and ranch help, and many other lines of labor. 

A nut and fruit growing region reports that many of the lead- 
ing women of the community pledged themselves as emergency work- 
ers, on call, when there was produce to save from decay. Many of 
them worked continuously during the summer in fruit canneries and 
as nut sorters, or were employed as forewomen. 

The agricultural districts sent their women into garden work or 
into the Women's Land Army. 

In one large town Hn Industrial Survey of Women was made. 

A mericanization 
Directed by J\lrs. Frank A. Gibson, State Chairman. 

With the sup])on of the Women's Committee of the Council of 
Defense, and under the joint supervision of the Normal School, the 
city schools, the International Institute and the State Commission 
of Immigration and Housing, twenty-one home centers with twenty- 
seven classes for foreign born women were held in various parts of 
the City of Los Angeles in the summer of 1917. 

The classes met in m^any places. Some were held in the public 
schools ; others in private houses ; one met in a settlement ; another 
in the open patio of a railroad camp, and perhaps the most unique 
of all was a class held in a discarded street car. This car was 
washed and cleaned every morning by an employee of the company 
and run on to a siding near the railroad camp. 

There was an effort to have all the meetings as informal and 
as social as possible. When the school is a social event, accompanied 
occasionally by light refreshments, and when the young teachers 
who preside over it act more in the capacity of genial hostesses than 
stern pedagogues, the school begins to take on the nature of a 
neighborlKJod recreation. 

The program was, however, not without definite plan on the 
part of the teachers. A series of English lessons was prepared which 
was well adapted to the everyday lives of the women. The names 
of the common fruits and vegetables and lessons on buying at the 
store, with the names of weights and money made a good beginning. 

Ill 



J3iiring the sewing lessons ample opportunity was given for 
teaching the English words for the materials used, and simple facts 
about hygiene and care of the home were taught. 

In order to have a good meeting place for the class one woman 
cleaned up her house and rearranged the furniture to make more 
room.. The teacher was tremendously encouraged when another 
uiother brought in her baby whom she had taught to say "I sweep, 
I scrub, I mop," vigorously gesticulating with the broom and the 
mop as she went. 

In the headquarters of the Women's Committee of the Council 
of Defense were kept charts and other materials which were helps 
in teaching, and every Friday afternoon a conference was held 
there in which all the problems of the week were discussed and new 
ideas formulated. 

That the summer was only a beginning of greater things is 
shown by the report made by the Commission of Immigration and 
Housing at the end of the season. It concludes with the following 
paragraphs : 

"No nationality was overlooked, and special pride has been 
taken in a class of German women that remained in the school house 
late in the afternoon until they must hurry to their janitor work 
in the large office buildings. Nor was it always necessary to group 
the nations separately. In some cases Japanese, Mexicans. Austrians, 
Armenians and Italians were grouped about the table (juite as hap- 
pily as if they had all been born under one flag. 

''When the summer had ended everyone realized that the work 
had just begun. 

"For every center there is some plan for making the w^ork per- 
manent. In some cases it will be through the public schools; in 
others through cadet work from the Normal School, and in still 
others where pioneering is yet to be done, the International Institute 
will hole, the classes until they are strong enough to be taken over by 
a public agency." 

Since that report was written, it has been proven that the 
summer's experim.ent was fruitful of even larger returns than had 
been hoped for. 

Under the Board of Education, the Director of Immigration 
Education, Miss Ruby Baughman, has carried out the most ambitious 
and successful projects for taking the school to the immigrant. With 
her long experience and understanding of the immigrant, and her 
genius in discovering new and better methods of teaching and ap- 
proach, Los Angeles accomplished a socialization of her schools that 
is unheard of in most places. 

Americanization in one large industrial region was inaugurated 
by placing a slip in the pay envelopes asking the recipient to write 
his name, address, number in family, number in school, \vhether wife 
would attend afternoon class, whether man would attend classes 
either day or night. This was followed by an international rally 
held in the municipal auditorium. 

One rural district adopted very comprehensive plans beginning 
with a survey of the locality, a study of Los Angeles methods of 

112 



dealing with problems through its night schools, Immigration Hnreau 
and settlements: using its pulpits, its schools, its library and its 
press ; and with the final purpose of establishing Community Centers, 
which should be the best and most permanent form of Americaniza- 
tion. 

Bed Cross 

Red Cross work was thoroughly organized throughout the Coun- 
ty, independently of the Women's Committees. 

In very many of the towns the Unit Chairman for the Women's 
Committee was also Chairman of the local Red Cross Chapter — a 
very interesting illustration of the effort to co-ordinate and to co- 
operate. 

Piihlicity 

Los Angeles County profited by the fact that the State oflicc 
of the Women's Committee was located in the City of Los Angeles. 

Very ample publicity was given by all the city newspapers and 
many of the County ones. 

This work was directed by the State office and no County Chair- 
man was appointed. 

SPECIAL WORK 

At the time of the sugar shortage, the Women's Committee in 
a suburban town, planted four acres of sweet sorghum, erected a 
mill and made nine hundred gallons of syrup. This followed the 
Government's home demonstrator's experiments in using syrup as a 
substitute for sugar. 

Constructive Citizenship Work was carried on by a group of 
women who organized a "Know Your City" movement. 

At the Food Center daily lectures were given on various public 
institutions and these were concluded each day by visits of in- 
vestigation. The classes were largely attended and enthusiastically 
supported. 

Influenza Epidemic — One of the smaller agriculltural com- 
munities turned its Women's Club PTouse into a hospital where 
Mexican and Japanese laborers were cared for; the members of the 
club doing the cooking and assisting tln^ trained nurses. 

Student Nurse Reserve — One hundred and eighty-eight appli- 
cants were enrolled in Los Angeles County. 

Motor Corps — A number of the larger towns had IMotor Corps. 
The Los Angeles Corps maintained a station at the headquarters of 
the Women's Committee and rendered valuable service in all cam- 
paigns, for the Army and Navy Intelligence Department and the 
Federal Department of Justice. 

Speakers— AM the large town LTnit Committees of the County 
have had Speakers' Committees and have furnished speakers on Avar 
topics for many occasions. 

Community Singivg — This was general throughout the County, 
initiated by the Women's Committee or through its co-operation. 

Cook Books — Several Town Unit Committees issued cook books 
made up of war recipes. In Los Angeles a cook book was printed in 
three languages. 

113 



Los Angeles City Unit 
Mrs. J. T. Anderson, Chairman. 

The Women's Committee of the Los Angeles City Unit of the 
Council of Defense began operations in June, 1917. 

In September, 1917, the entire city was organized in a two-fold 
manner : 

First, a precinct organization operating directly under the 
Executive Board through district chairmen (afterwards called "Field 
Secretaries") and maintaining an Executive Committee in each of 
the seven hundred and fifty precincts of the city; these precinct 
executive committees average ten (10) workers under each precinct 
chaii'man. making a total average of thirty-three in each and every 
precinct. 

Second, by Units of women's organizations; this included repre- 
sentatives from all women's clubs, sororities, public and private schools, 
fraternal organizations, etc This Committee has remained intact 
through the entire period of the war, with very few changes either 
in the personnel of the Executive Board, Field Secretaries, precinct 
or organization chairmen. 

It has proven a most democratic way of handling the work, as 
it enabled the committees to engage many workers in each and 
every enterpi-ise and through this, greater interest and greater re- 
sults obtained. 

Beside the departmental work, the various National "Drives" 
have been handled by the committees; however, the financial or other 
"Drives" were of less significance in the war service work in Los 
Angeles City than were the benefits and results obtained through the 
educational campaign derived from the holding of these numerous 
mass meetings, community meetings and precinct meetings through 
the various centers of organization. 

In conjunction with the various "Drives" much incidental work 
was accomplished in the way of Americanization and other com- 
munity service by securing the co-operation with the foreign ele- 
ment of the city and establishing numerous centers wherein their 
work was co-ordinated with the work of the American born 
citizen. 

Below is attached a summary of some of the "Drives" conducted 
by the Los Angeles City Unit through its precinct and organiza- 
tion committees : 

Food Pledges (V. S. Food Administration)— 128,000. 

Red Cross Memberships secured — 71,900. 

War Gardens Planted and INlatured— 98,537. 

y. M. & Y. W. Campaigns collected— $20,450. 

Clothing collected for France — ^72,649 (pieces). 

Food collected for Belgium — 1,385 (cases). 

Child Welfare Drive — children examined — 7,843. 

Registration of Nurses — number enrolled — 2,461. 

War Savings Societies organized — 631. 

Snlvation Army Drive — amount collected — .i!71.865. 

Women's Automobile War Service — 1,284 (miles recorded). 

114 



Americanization Programs, Community Programs— 1,801. 

Home Relief, supplied garments — 340,212. 

Allied Relief, supplied garments — 127,000. 

Canned Foods (from Home Gardens Dept.) — 39,000 cans. 

Liberty Loan (2nd to 4th inclusive)— $6,000,000 (sold). 

Books collected for Camps and Hospitals — 20,800. 

Home Products Campaign (Transportation signatures) — 91,001. 

Salvage Stations established for Red Cross — 135. 

Pood Administration Sugar Permits issued — 1,239,508 (pounds). 

Registration of "Men in Service" enrolled— 30,102. 

Number of meetings held, including Mass Meetings, Division, 
Committee, Board and Precinct — 3,201. 

American Woman's Hospital (collected) — $23,000. 

A complete report of the work here summarized has been already 
published. 

MxVDERA— I\rrs. L. A. Covel, Chairman. 

Estimated population 40,000. 

Organized with six town units and twelve district units. 
The Woman's War Service Army reaches the utmost limits of 
this mountainous County. 

DEPARTMENT WORK 

Americanhation — Since the Spanish and Italian are the pre- 
vailing foreign elements here, we turned our attention to them first 
and appointed as Chairman for work in these respective colonies 
Mrs. D. Sunia and Miss E. Barsotti. Their prime work was to intro- 
duce the study and use of the English language in foreign homes; 
to provide entertainments to bring together the American and foreign 
population. 

During the Influenza Epidemic, directions for feeding the sick, 
printed in Spanish and Italian, were distributed. 

Children's Year — We began the work for a County nurse, June, 
1917. Many meetings were held and speakers from away as well 
as local speakers gave many interesting talks on such subjects as 
Morals in the Home and School, Defective Child, Tuberculosis in 
the School, Home Training, School Attendance, and many other 
subjects. 

Three times the Supervisors were approached, but they felt they 
could not afford to place a nurse in the schools at present. They 
willingly paid all bills of the Children's Year Committee. 

The weighing and measuring of the children began June 21st 
and closed July 15, 1918. During that time nine hundred chil- 
dren were examined. The report sent in was eight hundred and fifty. 
The balance were received the day following. According to the 
population, we led the State. We have been at a standstill on 
account of the epidemic. We Avill continue the work as soon as 
possible. 

Education — The principal activity consisted in distributing to 
the teachers and schools of the County the educa tonal leaflets and 

115 



iustruction circulars sent out from the State Chairman. The gen- 
eral result was the active co-operation of the school officers in the 
work. 

Educational Propaganda — The work is at a standstill on account 
of the epidemic. The committee is formed and ready to go on 
with the work. One thousand post cards and pamphlets were re- 
ceived and the committee Avas readj^ to send the material through the 
Woman's Army. 

Food Administration— A house to house canvass was made 
through a thoroughly organized Woman's Army, with the result that 
we stood third in the State in food pledge cards. 

The second drive was carried out according to directions from 
headquarters, but we were obliged to resort to the house to house 
canvass with the result that 2150 were accounted for out of 2300, 
and several districts Mere directed to send theirs directly to head- 
quarters. We must have reached our quota of 2300 and over. 

We had a store to store canvass for wheatless and meatless days 
with good results; also a store to store canvass for one delivery and, 
with the help of the Men's Committee, succeeded. 

Investigated the canneries and packing-houses, food prices; re- 
•quested posters to be put on posts w^here product was for sale by 
the farmers in the County; had several canning demonstrations; made 
talks in churches, to clubs and went to outlying districts; placed 
literature, posters and pamphlets in public places, and were untiring 
in the efforts to carry out the Government's wishes. 

Under the Food Director, the County was districted and the 
Cb airmen appointed in ten towns. These Chairmen have been very 
achve in carrying out directions. They have addressed gatherings, 
be( a instrumental in distributing literature throug hschools, churches, 
clu'Ds, etc. 

The work has beenn brought before the public by means of ad- 
veriising, correspondence bill boards, public talks, films, posters, 
and ^ocal cartoons. 

Visits were made among the foreign population and they willing- 
ly cr operated. Assistance has been given ladies in preparing lunch- 
eons, requesting the elimination of the fourth meal. 

]feld Hoover lunches at the Teachers' Institute, with the promise 
that they would carry the Hoover message through the County. 

Attended the conferences in San Francisco when possible; 
handled the sugar permits through three Chairmen in the County. 

Qirls' War Service — Plans made to organize a Camp Fire Club 
were stopped by the epidemic. 

Bcalfh and Rrrreaiiov — Cnuunittt'c appointed and ready for 
work ;;s soon ns allowed. 

n ome Economics — With tlio .-tssislanco of the Indies of the Chris- 
tian C lurch, plans were inado to begin an extensive work throughout 
the Coi.nty. Previous to this appointment the work was done through 
the Fot d Administration. 

Inf/)rmation and Lihrarii Service — Placed on tables all literature 
relating \o the war and food conservation; sent posters to outlying 
districts. x)laced painphh^ts in the books sent to the school libraries 

116 



and to the patrons of the school library and County library ; kept the 
press informed of tlie literature on war topics; kept bulletins; s^ave 
(exhibitions; collected books for the army and talked before meetings 
of Farm Bureaus. 

Liberty Loan — In the tirst Liberty Loan Campaign the districts 
and Chairmen as organized for the signing of the food pledges were 
used. In several cases the ladies made a house to house canvass with 
good results. It was found that $32,000 had been placed to the credit 
of the women, $22,000 of which was subscribed by the women. 

The Second, Third and Fourth Liberty Loans were organized 
under a Countv Chairman with seven district Chairmen, with the 
following results : Second, $30,000 ; Third, $30,000 ; Fourth, $150,000. 
In the Fourth Loan the amount was divided equally between the 
men and women. 

Publicity — Kept the press informed of all activities at home 
and headquarters. The press cannot be too highly praised for its 
untiring efforts. 

Home and Foreign Belief and Bed Cross — Corresponded with 
the Red Cross of the Allied countries, the commanding officers, and 
the headquarters at Washington, with good results in most instances. 
Encouragement was given to sorrowing parents. Financial aid was 
received through the local Red Cross. 

speciaij work 

Survey of Nursing Besources — A Committee from the Red Cross 
was appointed to make a survey of the nursing resources of jMadera 
County. Accordingly the Service Army of Women were asked to 
conduct the survey, with the following results : Graduate Nurses, 15 ; 
Undergraduate Nurses, 8: Practical Nurses, 5; Midwives, 3; Women 
wlio have taken Red Cross work, 2. Total, 46. 

Student Nurses — A very extensive campaign of the County was 
made through the public library, correspondence and the press. The 
lack of success was due to the need of the girls to assist on the ranches. 
Several were planning to go if needed in the Spring. 

Speal-ers — Members of the C-ommittee frequently spoke at public 
and private gatherings. 

Influenza Epidemic — We canvassed for assistance at the out- 
break and secured a number of nurses, contributions, home workers, 
and at a meeting the ladies that came to the call through the War 
Service Army decided to open a Red Cross Hospital which they did 
Health Officer requested that masks be furnished by the Women's 
Committee. The Red Cross furnished the material and the profits 
were returned to them. 

Comw unity Singing — On September 5, 1918, community singing 
was launched in Madera at a meeting called by Mrs. Covel, Chairman 
of the Women's Committee. The singers of various local organiza- 
tions had been urged to attend and a goodly number were present. 
It was decided at this meeting that those present would form a 
nucleus of a chorus to be called for special occasions. Such oc- 
casions soon arose during the Fourth Lilierty Loan campaign, when 

117 



numerous singers motored with speakers to various points in the 
County to assist on the program. 

Each second Saturday evening there was singing by the com- 
munity at the auction held by the Red Cross Salvage Shop, and at 
all patriotic celebrations community singing has been a prominent 
feature. At the theatre, also, and in public meetings, we have 
availed ourselves of the opportunity to sing the people into a 
patriotic spirit. 

Various communities in the County other than Madera City have 
instituted the singing custom and find, as Madera City did, that 
the voice of the people in song is a means to that end for which we 
all hope and strive — unity. 

Women's War Service Army — The Women's War Service was 
organized with majors, lieutenants and captains. They took charge 
of the canvassing of nurses for the influenza epidemic and all ar- 
rangements for the new food cards, the registering of women for war 
service and the distri])ution of literature. The army was organized 
in September. Before that our Chairmen were nearly the same, but 
they were more closely organized as an anny. The Food Pledge 
canvass was made by the same women with but few exceptions. 

MAEIN— Mrs. Charles Dodge, Chairman. 

Estimated population 26,550. 
Organized with eighteen town units. 

DEPARTMENT WORK 

Americanization — Survey was made of all unnaturalized for- 
eigners, as to their literacy and desire to be naturalized; (as the 
County is scattered the work was slow and difficult) ; night schools 
for adults have been started in two towns; community singing has 
been established in all towns. 

Children's Year — This Committee did fine work, exceeding the 
expectations of the State Chairman, over one thousand children were 
examined, great interest was shown in all communities, bringing all 
classes together, the doctors co-operated generously and a free, weekly 
clinic for all children under sixteen years has been established as 
a result. The Chairman of Children's Year and County Chairman 
have been appointed on a (younty Milk Investigating Committee. 

Education — This Committee was the first in the State to send 
in its survey of the children, which showed only thirty-seven out of 
school between the ages of six and sixteen. 

Educalional Propaganda — This Committee gave attention to 
speakers and community singing. 

Food Administration — The first work undertaken was the Food 
Pledge Campaign when a house-to-house canvass Avas made, tables 
placed in post-offices and stores and in churches. This was followed 
by demonstrations in each of the larger towns, Avith good co-operation 
from elubs and organizations. Speakers were sent to all schools, 
church societies and other organizations. 

118 



All instrnctions and bulletins were kept at the headquarters 
of the Women's Committee, furnished them in the Court House. 

Each Town Unit Chairman was made sub-chairman for Food 
Administration, and the directions from headquarters were all faith- 
fully carried out throughout the County. The co-operation of the 
Publicity Chairman was of great assistance. 

Health and Recreation — Working along lines of moral welfare 
of the County; also recreation for men in camps. 

Hmne and Foreign Relief — This Committee cultivated a field 
of beans to sell, and beans to give to those who need them. 

Liberty Loan — Tlie Chairman did her work successfully. 

Pi(blicifih-Th^fi Department did remarkable work, keeping the 
Women's Committee activities constantly before the public. 

SPECIAIi VV^ORK 

War Service— Mm Valley Unit adopted the soldiers at Fort 
Baker and furnished the new Y. M. C. A. building. One unit 
undertook to corresi)ond with all enlisted men from that place. 
Tamalpais Center Women's Club adopted the boys at Fort Barry. 

Student Nurse Reserve — An effort was made to interest the girls 
of the County by a house-to-house canvass, but only three girls en- 
rolled, due to the fact that they could not afford to give up paying 
positions. 

Community Dryer — A Community Dryer, at the service of the 
County, has been established. 

MARIPOSA— Mrs. Nell G. Thayer, Chairman. 

Estimated population 3,956. 

This County has had an executive committee and department 
Chairman who have carried on the work; it was organized in precincts 
and school districts for Food Administration, Liberty Loan and 
Publicity. 

nPJPARTMENT WORK 

Americanization — The Chairman, a naturalized American, is in 
sympathy with foreigners and is studying the problems of the few 
in the County. 

Child Welfare — It was not possible to carry on a weighing and 
measuring campaign because of scattered population and the fact 
that there was only one physician in the County. Chairman tries 
to help mothers to feed babies correctly, by new^spaper articles and 
talks to neighbors. 

Education — The Chairman has carried out directions as far as 
possible. 

Food Administration — Each precinct had a -woman Chairman and 
in each school distri(!t the school trustees acted as a food conserva- 
tion committee. 

Demonstrations were given on foods, fats and soaps. Addresses 
on Conservation were given to every kind of audience — including 
hotels, camps, dances, etc. 

119 



Home Ecovomics — This Chairman has given instrnotion in honso- 
liold budgets, knitting, making and mending; slie has also assisted 
with publicity. 

Liberty Loan — ^The County Chairman of the Women's Committee 
has handled the Liberty Loan campaigns, taking care of publicity for 
men's Conmiittee. 

Pvbliciiy —VnhWchy has been well handled through newspapers 
and schools, 

st'ECIaIj work 

Conrmmnty Singiiuj 

The Women's Committee registered voters for the November 
elections — going to fields and camps to reach the men. 
Women and girls helix d with haying and gardening. 

MENDOCINO— Mrs R. L. Richards, Chairman. 

Estimated population 25,000. 

Organized with thirteen township units. 

Of special significance in this County is the War Service Army, 
which successfully conducted all drives and proved to be an effective 
force through which every family in the County could be quickly and 
thoroughly covered. 

DEFARTMENT WORK 

Children'^! Year — A total of five hundred and twenty-seven chil- 
dren were registered and examined. Each worker received a duplicate 
card with spaces for two future examinations, diet slips, posters and 
l)ulletins. Thorough examinations were given for adenoids, eyes, ears, 
nutrition, posture, and teeth. A permanent health center has been 
established, with trained nurses in attendance, and equipped by the 
Committee. A personal appeal to Finnish, Italian and Indian 
mothers) explaining just what Children's Year means, met with 
splendid response. 

Food Covservatiop, and Home Economics — These two depart- 
ments have been combined under one Chairman. Demonstrations were 
held at theaters on the use of substitutes. Letters and recipes were 
sent out to teachers, clergy, and housewives, giving suggestion and 
advice. A cook book was prepared and widely sold. A "Big Potato 
Drive" was successfully held. 

EdHcaiion- -The war work in the public schools is a credit to 
the County. The schools are all interested in some one or more war 
activities The High School, which has about seventy-five pupils, in 
one week turned in forty garments for the Belgians, made posters, 
eollected ^i^-J-O.OO in cash, and all pupils in addition joined the Junior 
Red Cross. Crammar School scholars are also members of the Junior 
Red Cross, have collected $25.00 for the Belgian Babies' Fund, 
and are knitting as well as buying Thrift Stamps and saving in every 
way possil)le. 

120 



]Vo)iir)> ill rndiisfry — One Iinndred women signed for work in 
tl'.e cannery at Ukiah. Seven additional signed for emergency work, 
(wenty-iive for work in the hop fields, three for work in the fruit 
orchards, one for ranch work, two for chauffeurs, and two for any 
kind of work. Besides twelve girls under sixteen years of age signed 
for work where they would be most needed — a total of one hundred 
and fiftj^-lAvo being thus enrolled. The large cannery in Ukiah has 
filled big Government contracts by the aid of this help. 

Excellent work was done in the other departments, the County 
exeeedings its quotas in liiberty Loans, Red Cross, Belgian Relief 
and United War Work drives. 

SPECIAL WORK 

Student Nurse Reserve — Ten applicants were enrolled for train- 
ing as nurses. 

Belgian Belief — The Red Cross asked the War Service Army to 
conduct the drive for clothing for the Belgian Relief. In four days 
the War Service Army secured double the quota requested. 

Influenza Epidemic — At the beginning of the epidemic the Coun- 
ty Chairman requested the a\layor of Ukiah to call a meeting of all 
the doctors in the town and to ask an army doctor who was 
available and had had charge of combating epidemics, to be present 
and represent the Women's Committee. At this meeting it was this 
representative who cast the deciding vote and closed the schools. 

A booth was immediately established by the Women's Com- 
mittee in the Court House Square, from which thousands of masks 
were sold or given away. Handbills were printed calling upon volun- 
teers for household and nursing service in stricken families. The 
handbills were wrapped in the butchers', the grocers' and the dry 
goods packages of the merchants and reached all the people inside 
of two hours. Arrangements were made at the two hotels where 
nurses could secure room, hot baths and meals for themselves gratis. 
Since many of the families" had no adequate facilities to offer, we 
felt it important to conserve the health and well-being of the nurses 
in this manner. 

The Chairman and six women who alternated in charge of the 
mask Ijooth, were made "deputy health officers." A registrar was 
installed and every one wishing to give food, service or help of any 
kind was registered. This was placed at the disposal of the Red 
Cross Emergency Hospital and covered all possible needs. Groups 
of school teachers met together, after registering with the Com- 
mittee, and sewed, making hospital garments, pneumonia jackets and 
masks to order as they were needed. People registered to supply 
cream soups, broths, custards and jellies. Men as well as women 
registered for nursing, wood-chopping, chores, fire-making, etc. An 
ambulance service was installed under the direction of the Women's 
War Service Army to transfer patients to and from the hospital, to 
carry nurses to stricken houses and for general service in connection 
with the epidemic. All of the women engaged in the work were 
careful to be continuously masked and none of them had influenza. 

121 



The town was well masked inside of four days and the number of 
eases dropped from thirty or forty a day to four or five. 

From the sale of masks at ten cents each about $200 was 
realized. With this we are equipping our Health Center in con- 
nection with the Children's Year, and plan to buy a fine pair of 
scales and all the necessary things which had not previously been 
donated. 

PIERCED— Mrs. John Stebbins, Chairman. 

Estimated population 20,000. 

Organized in two main divisions, East and West. Within these 
divisions it is organized by departments. 

DEPARTMENT WORK 

Children's Year — Campaign for weighing, measuring, and regis- 
tration of babies carried out thoroughly. 

Food Adwhiistration and Home Economics — The food pledge 
campaign received good support. A lecturer from the University 
of (/alifornia conducted demonstrations throughout the County. Food 
Permits were issued by the Chairman. Recipes were regularly pub- 
lislied. Classes in child and adult nutrition w^ere organized. 

Liberty Loan — The Women's Committee did effective work in 
the Liberty Bond campaigns and for War Savings Stamps. 

Red, Cross — The Committee assisted in organizing the local Red 
Cross chapter. It continued in active co-operation with all its 
work. 

Women in Industry and- Land Army — Twenty-one women from 
this County worked in the fields in a very successful unit of the 
Land Army. The women worked side by side v»'ith the men, and 
by their purpose and industry and earnest desire to help with the 
labor problem did much to overcome the prejudice against women 
in industry and acted as a wonderful stimulus to the men to ac- 
complish more. 

Other Departments were well organized and carried on the 
regidar work. 

SPECIAL WORK 

Stt'dent Nurse lleserve — Seven candidates were enrolled for 
nurse's training. 

Influenza Epidemic — A clearing house for relief was maintained 
at Women's (Committee Headquarters. Calls for physicians were 
investigated. Automobiles were furnished to take patients to the 
County Hospital. A permanent full-time health officer for the County 
was urged. 

I^abor — A Labor Bureau and Free Employment Exchange was 
maintained at the Headquarters of the Women's Committee. A 
special registration was conducted for ship workers. 

MiscMlaneoiis — The "one-delivery a day" system for stores was 
established. Committees have assisted in "Jack-rabbit Control" and 
fire fighting. 

122 



IMODOC— Miss Augusta. Caldwell, Chairman, Julv, 1917, to Septem- 
ber, 1918; 

Mrs. Walter Sherlock, Chairman, September, 1918, to date. 

Estimated population 6,191. 

Organized in six district units. 

DEPART MEN T WOK K 

Educai ion- -The Committee prepared a report upon the Educa- 
tional condition cf the County. 

Food Administration and Home Economics — After tlie Food 
Pledge Campaign which was successfully conducted, special food les- 
sons and demonstrations were given by the school classes and teachers 
in Conservation methods. 

SPECIAIj v^ork 

A special bureau of speakers and information was establisbed 
with ten regular speakers enrolled. 

]\10N0— Mrs. Menk Edwards, Chairman, July, 1917, to September, 
1918; 

Miss ]\lildred M. Gregory, Chairman, Septemb(^r, 1918, to 
date. 

Estimated population 2,100. 

This County has a very sparse and scattered population, almost 
entirely rural in character, and is only reached in one corner by 
a railroad. 

p]tfective work was done by Children's Year Committee in weigh- 
ing and measuring babies, by the Educational Propaganda Depart- 
ment, and in the Food Administration campaigns. 

MONTER.EY--j\lrs. W. V. Grimes, Chairman. 

Estimated population 25,250. 
Organized with five district units. 

DEPARTMENT WORK 

Americanization — We have worked among the Chinese in the 
missions. The Japanese have responded wonderfully to our teachings. 
We have also been able to do some "Americanization" among other 
foreign classes. 

Children's Year— One "Baby Day" was held in Pacific Grove 
with fine results. Monterey was ready for a "Baby Day" but it had 
to be called off. All District Chairmen accomplished some good work 
during the Children's Year. 

Education- -Distrk-i Chairmen have striven to carry out the work 
sent out by our State Chairman. 

EdurationaJ Propaganda was carried out with good results. 

123 



Food Adnrinistration — The Chairman gave valuable assistance 
in this work; no district was neglected. Circulars were distributed 
and every other means was carried out to aid in Food Conservation. 

Home Ec07Wmics — Was one of our best pieces of work in the 
County. Demonstrations have been held in canning and drying 
vegetables. Our schools have given good assistance and our people 
were eager to learn and to help others in preparing foods. 

Information and Library Service was well worked out in Mon- 
terey County as a means of distributing posters and other publicity 
material. 

Lihertif Loan — Our women helped in many ways and many of 
our women bought lionds. Monterey County always met its allot- 
ment without delay. 

Puhliciiy — Our newspapers responded nobly to our calls. 

Bed Cross — Work was among the best in the country. The 
sewing was nicely done and many garments were sent out. Monterey 
County was given commendation for its work. 

SPECIAL V^'-ORK 

Student Nnrse Reserve — Twenty applicants were registered. 

Speakers and Information — We have sent out many good speak- 
ers. All information has been widely distributed. 

Influenza Epidemic — Aid w^as given wherever it could be. 

Comrminity Singing was had in all towns. 

Woman's Land Army — Many signed for work on farms. 

While Monterey County has not taken up any special work, we 
have earnestly worked along all lines that would benefit our country. 
In the emergency resulting from the early rains women and girls 
worked in the beanfields help to save the beans from an utter loss. 
Our women have willingly helped when occasion demanded. Many of 
our women sent their boys to help win the victory. 

NAPA — Mrs. Percy S. King. Chairman. 

Estimated population 20,000. 

Organized in five district units and six departments, but no 
detailed report has come of department work. 

Liberty Loan — The women of the County are credited with rais- 
ing over $250,000 in the Fourth Liberty Bond Campaign. Able as- 
sistance was given in the earlier campaigns. 

Other departments especially organized and active included 
Children's Year, Educational Propaganda, Food Administration, 
Economics and Publicity. 

SPECIAL WORK 

Student Nurse Reserve — Five applications were received for 
training as nurses. 

124 



NEVADA — Mrs. Nellie Hartman, Chairman, August, 1917, to Sep- 
tember, 1918; 

Mrs. James Watt, Chairman, October, 1918, to date. 

Estimated population 14',955. 

Organized in nine city units. 

DEPARTMENT WORK 

Food Administration — Co-operation of moving picture theaters 
was obtained for showing slides and for lectures on food conserva- 
tion and food vnlues. A very large number of food pledges were 
signed. 

Home Economics — As the women of this county have canned 
everything including chicken, for many years, the demonstrators from 
the State University left announcing that they had learned more from 
the women of Nevada County than they had taught. 

Liberty Loan — Women bought themselves and sold to others a 
total of over $194,000 bonds in the County. Eight hundred and 
seventy-five women bought bonds, and four hundred and fifty in- 
dividual sales were made by them. 

Information and Library Service — In the drive for books and 
funds to buy them the County raised $365.28, or $65.00 over its 
quota, and also forwarded many volumes. 

Other Departments have carried on excellently the regular woi'k 
assigned to them. 

SPECIAL V\^ORK 

Student Nurse Reserve — Five applications were received for 
training as nurses. 

Home and Foreign Belief — Five tons of clothing and more than 
$1,000 was forwarded to the Belgians. 

ORANGE — Mrs. A. J. Lawtcu, (liairman. 

Estiuiated population 14,955. 

Organized with nine city units. 

Has Women's War Service Army. 

Have held twenty-three business meetings and six open meetings 
with speakers on war topics. 

Americanization — a. Assisted in organizing a class for Red 
Cross Work for Mexican women. 

b. Furnished transportation for Mexican women to and from 
a cooking class. 

c. Assisted in publicity work for two open meetings on Amer- 
icanization. 

d. Assisted the Local Chapter of the D. A. R. in arranging for 
a public meeting at Birch Park in June, 1918, for Mexicans. About 
five hundred were present. A Service Flag was given to every family 
having a son in the service. An American flag was given to every 
Mexican present. 

125 



Children's Year — The Chairman reports thirty-six child Avelfare 
circles doing efficient work in as many Parent-Teachers' organizations. 

There are two Welfare Stations in Orange County. 

Report of Registration of Children under six years — made in 
June, 1938: 

Total Registration — 3182. 

Number above normal — 2422. 

Number normal — 162. 

Number under normal — 598. 

Made a survey of the schools for a record of children attending 
school between the ages of six and sixteen. 

Number of Questionnaires sent out — 54. 

Number returned — 27. 

Total enrollment reported — 3815. 

Number of children known to be out of school — 51. 

Number graduated from. Elementary Schools not in High 
School— 12. 

Education and Educational Propaganda — Sent out thirty cir- 
cular letters to as many women's organizations in the County, ex- 
plaining the work of this department, also sent literature contain- 
ing suggestions for programs. Advised holding open meetings with 
speakers to present some of the subjects included in the outline for 
study. 

Food, Administration — First Food Pledge drive in June, 1918; 
number of cards signed, 565. Second Food Pledge drive in Novem- 
ber, 19] 8; number of cards signed, 7500. Potato campaign — May 1st 
to June 1st, 1918. 

Sent out seventy-two circular letters to precinct Chairmen. Pre- 
pared and sent to eighteen newspapers in the County — three separate 
articles giving information on the subject. The grocers were asked 
to keep an account of the May sales — this showed a substantial in- 
crease over the previous month's sales. 

Sugar Permits: This work covered a period from August 1st 
to November 1st, 1918. Had thirty-three deputies in twenty-seven 
different sections of the County giving out permits. 

literature Mailed out : Leaflets and posters, 4000. IT. S. Food 
Bulletins, 700. 

The Chairman visited and talked before thirty or more Women's 
organizations. 

Personally supervised arrangements for twenty or more food 
demonstrations by the Government Home Demonstration Agent, in as 
many cities and towns. 

Co-operated with the County Farm Adviser in interesting the 
M'omen of the County in this work. Spoke at seven Farm Bureau 
meetings. Had the voluntary service of one hundred and thirty-five 
women in the (Jounty and twenty-three stenographers and typists in 
the office for carrying on the food conservation Avork. 

Ch'rls' War Service — Meetings were held twice a month, at which 
time garments for French Orphans were made. Sold "INIatch the 
President" Liberty Bonds to the amount $1000 .00. Earned the 
following money for Red Cross: $75.00 for serving at banquets. Sold 

126 



^200.00 worth uf tickets to Auto Show, $50.00 at ice cream booth, and 
$270.00 "Indoor Garden Fete." Assisted the Women's Committee 
by decorating windows for Potato Drive. Originated and presented 
a little play entitled, "A Hoover Wedding," at three separate enter- 
tainments — this in tile interest of Food Conservation. Took part 
in all the drives for funds — Red Cross, Liberty Loan, War Savings, 
Y. W. C. A., United War Work, etc. Made a canvass for the 
Women's Committee to get a record of all employes of business 
firms in Santa Ana. This was done for the Labor Bureau at Wash- 
ington, D. C. 

Hoim Economics — A class for women once a week was held in 
the Domestic Science Department of the Santa Ana High School, 
during the summer months. Also class for Mexican w^omen once a 
week for same period. 

Orange liigh School : Teacher and High School girls gave cook- 
ing demonstration. Had a "down town" demonstration for Potato 
Drive, 

The Huntington Beach, Anaheim and Fullerton High School 
Domestic Science teachers gave valuable service in food conservation 
work. 

Information and Library Service — All libraries in the County 
maintain bulletin boards for War information. Also had separate 
tables and shelves for books on War Subjects and Food Conservation. 
Some of the Libraries made card catalogues of food conservation 
recipes. 

Liherty Loan — Second Liberty Loan : Committees were appointed 
in the twelve sections of the County as per division for the work. 
They did publicity work and canvassed with the men. No separate 
record was kept of their work. 

Third Liberty Loan : Chairmen were appointed in fifteen sections 
of the County. These were not permitted to do house to house can- 
vassing, but confined their efforts to w^ork among women's organiza- 
tions. They sold $57,500.00 worth of bonds. 

Fourth Liberty Loan : Chairmen were appointed in twenty-eight 
localities; as in the Third Loan the work was done mainly with 
women's organizations. Of the twenty-five w^omen's societies in Santa 
Ana twenty took one or more bonds. As in former drives the women 
put forth their efforts mainly in publicity w^ork, and the men very 
generously divided the credit on a 50-50 basis, giving the women of 
the County a record of $1,378,850.00 in bonds sold. 

Maintenance of Existing Social Agencies — Under the direction 
of the State Chairman a survey was made of tw^elve organizations in 
the County doing social welfare work for the purpose of ascertaining 
if their financial support was being curtailed on account of w^ar con- 
ditions. Every one of the twelve reported their usual w^ork being 
kept at the standard of pre-war activities. 

Puhlicity — The usual work pertaining to this department was 
well and faithfully performed. 

Red Cross — Members of the Women's Committee assisted with 
Red Cross drives for membership and funds, also with sewing and 
work in the Sliop and in all other ways possible. 

127 



^Y<>^)^ell i)i Indusfrij — The greatest part of this work was gather- 
ing- information and in giving help where it was asked. Education 
and preventive measures have been the first step toward a eon 
strnctive policy. 

Orange County has but few industries where women labor had 
to be substituted for that of men in such quantity that it was hard 
to procure. Thider this department an industrial survey was made. 
This included only manufacturing and repair plants that employed 
four or more persons. The result was mostly educative, the prepara- 
tion of employers for the introduction of women into industrial 
occupations. Visits to packing houses and canneries to learn actual 
conditions showed that the provisions for the comfort of women 
workers was satisfactory. Co-operation with Labor Agencies in the 
County has be(»n the aim of this department. Positions were found 
for about one hundred women. Many of these were by the hour 
or day's work. One thing Avorthy of note is the apathy and lack 
(if interest on the part of most employers in general industrial 
conditions. 

SPECIAL WORK 

student Nurse Reserve — The Women's Committee established six 
enrollment stations in the County for registering for Student Nurse 
Reserve. 

There were eighteen student nurses registered at these stations 
and four Orange County girls registered in Los Angeles. 

Fairs and E.rhihits — An exhibit of canned and dried fruit and 
vegetables was maintained in the food conservation window at Com- 
mittee headquarters during, the canning season. There were seven 
varieties of canned fruit and vegetables and six of same dried. The 
County Chairman assembled a collection of canned fruit and jellies 
for Orange County's exhil)it at the Liberty Fair held in Los An- 
geles in December. The five dozen glasses of .ielly received ten 
prizes^$3.00 for each half dozen of one variety. 

Speakers and, Information — The "Women's Committee sent out 
speakers on food conservation and Liberty Loan, Red Cross and 
Y. W. C. A. drives. 

Community Singing — A Chairman was appointed to have charge 
of community singing in the several localities where it was intended 
or organize community councils. This work has not yet been done. 
Prof. Francis J. Haynes, the Chairman, has his committees named 
and ready for woi-k. 

Coo],- Books, or Other Printed, flatter — The cook book^"Ten 
Cent Lunches" v.as compiled and published by the Second Section 
Household Economics, Santa Ana Ebell Societj''. 

Tlif American CreeA, printed on appropriate cards, was fur- 
nished l)y the C'ounty Chairman and is being mailed to the Presi- 
dents of organizations and leaders of sections to be used at the open- 
ing of their meetings. 

Roster of Orange County Men in Service — A canvass of the entire 
County is now being made by the precinct Chairmen and their 
committees, for the military record of every Orange County man 

128 



in service. This is being done for the War History Department 
of the State Council of Defense. 

Wow.en's Lai\d Army — The Women's Committee gave assist- 
ance and moral support to the Committee from the Los Angeles 
office in placing twenty-five Land Army women in Orange County 
to work at harvesting tomatoes for a seed factory. Their work was 
very satisfactory. 

Home Gardens — The County Chairman of the Women's Com- 
mittee named a representative on a County Home Gardens Com- 
mittee. A County organization has been formed with Mrs. Bradshaw 
as Secretary. The work will be under the supervision of principals 
and teachers in the public schools. 

PLACER— Mrs. J. D. Stewart, Chairman, June, 1917, to March, 
1918; 

Mrs. C. K. Schnabel, Chairman, June, 1918, to date. 

Estimated population 20,000. 

Placer County has no large cities; it was difficult to organize 
in rural districts. Mass meetings were held wherever possible to 
arouse public support for war activities. Posters were placed in 
prominent place, slides were shown in theatres; the ministers as- 
sisted. All districts of the County were visited and there was a fine 
response in all "drives." 

DEPAETMENT WORiK 

Children's Year — Program was carried on successfully. 

Food Administration — Both food pledge campaigns and all di- 
rections of the Food Administration were carried out. The County 
was well organized with thirty-two sub-chairmen, the doctrine of 
Food Conservation was spread by meetings and demonstrations; by 
the aid of teachers, and the help of the children. Food Conservation 
literature was distributed by the Junior Red Cross messengers. 

The Chairman wrote articles regularly for the one daily paper 
in the County. 

Liberty Loan — The Women's Committee carried on a large share 
of Liberty Loan work. 

Educational Propaganda — This Chairman has been very active, 
distributing literature to the homes, and placing speakers at the 
disposal of the clubs. 

A Land Army was active in the County. 

PLUMAS — Mrs. L. A. Pringle, Chairman, January, 1918, to June, 

1918. Report prepared by Miss Fay Miller. 

Estimated population 8,250. 

A mining and lumbering County. 
Not organized. 

About seventy-five per cent of the work on the War Savings 
Stamp Drives was done by women. 

129 



Splendid work was done by the Women's Committees of the 
County during the Third Liberty Loan Campaign. In the Fourth, 
almost twice the quota allotted the County was raised by the women 
alone. In seven out of twenty districts the entire work of carrying 
on the campaign, was done by the Women's Committee. Women 
were included among the Four Minute speakers. 

The women have obtained practically all the Red Cross mem- 
berships. They also took an active part in the Red Cross Drive. 
Almost all the work done by the Junior Red Cross has been super- 
intended by the women. An enormous amount of work has been done 
by the Production Committee of the Red Cross throughout the 
County. Just at present a list of the goods sent to Headquarters is 
not obtainable. 

A large share of the work done during the United War Work 
Campaign was also done by the women. 

The County Librarian had charge of the book drives and sent 
the liooks which were collected to the State Library at Sacramento. 

RIVERSIDE— Mrs. Clark McEuen, Chairman. 

Estimated population 45,000. 

Seventeen town units. 
Has War Service Army. 

DEPARTMENT WORK 

Americanization has been furthered, especially by the Daugh- 
ters of the American Revolution and the school teachers: of the 
County. The D. A. R. has given social entertainments to foreigners, 
had them addressed on war subjects in their own language, and 
showed an interest in their welfare. The teachers have sent many 
vital messages into foreign households through the children, and have 
reached and helped the motliers in many ways. 

Children's Year is not finished yet and the great results hoped 
for are not yet ready to publish, but we are sure they are coming. 
There is a splendid free medical and dental clinic for children in 
Riverside and two public heallh nurses in the County. We are 
planning a greater drive for weighing and measuring in March and 
much interest is manifest. 

Education and Educational Propaganda have had Chairmen at 
work. 

Food Administration has been one of our most active depart- 
ments. The County Home Demonstration Agent, the County Chair- 
man and the Woman Food Director have worked together to spread 
the gospel of conservation. There were demonstrations of uses of 
substitute flours, sweets and fats, throughout the County. Two com- 
munity kitchens were established where women canned surplus fruits 
and vegetables to be sold, and where women could come with their 
own materials to do their own work. These were very satisfactory 
and will probably be used every year. Every suggestion or re- 
quest of the Food Administration was carried out. The Food Card 
was in every home in the County. 

130 



Girls' War Service was rendered through the Patriotic League 
in the high schools, the Junior Red Cross in the grammar schools, 
the many girls' clubs in the Y. W. C. A. 

Health and Recreation work was practiced in the Riverside 
Y. W. C. A. and the War Camp Community Service. A woman em- 
ployed by the city, a trained social worker, was a great success in 
Riverside, and another woman helped in the entertaining of soldiers 
and was called the "Mother of March Field." A detention cottage 
for diseased women was fitted up at the County Hospital. 

Home Economics was taught through the domestic science teach- 
ers and the Home Demonstration Agent. 

Information and Library Service reached into and supplemented 
every line of effort. Our County Librarian and every assistant 
throughout the County gave much time and effort to serve the cause. 
There were constant exhibits of posters, distribution of literature, 
and most libraries were used as recruiting offices for student nurses. 

Liberty Loan in Riveride County was put over the top by com- 
mittees of men and women working together. Neither could say 
just how much of the credit belonged to the women, but the men 
admitted the^^ could not get along without their help. 

Maintenance of Existing Social Agencies was well attended to. 
When a member of the State Board of Health said our County Hos- 
pital had improved one hundred per cent in the past year, we took 
to ourselves part of the credit. The children's detention home was 
aided by our influence. We believe all existing social agencies have 
gained rather than fallen behind during the year. 

Publicity^, has been given our work and the Government's calls 
by the PubMity Chairman. She has sent out copy to every news- 
paper in theT^ounty and has met with uniform helpfulness from all. 

Red Oro.w has had wonderful success in Riverside County. All 
branches of work have done more than asked, and many new ideas 
have helped in raising funds. During the Influenza epidemic the 
Red Cross took charge of relief. It now has a most efficient Home 
Relief Department. 

Womsn in Industry — Our County being agricultural, we had 
no factory problems. Women and girls in the canneries, and child 
labor in the cotton fields have received our careful attention. 

SPECIAL WORK 

Sfndent Nurse Reserve — We have done our utmost, by public 
speakers, press notices, and house to house canvassing, to gain student 
nurses. We have worked long and faithfully to procure a training 
school in our County Hospital, and believe it will soon come about. 
Ten applicants were recruited. 

A Motor Corps has been maintained in almost every town to 
assist in the many drives. In Riverside the Corps has been especially 
helpful during the Influenza epidemic, taking nurses and supplies 
where needed. It is still in service and is often called on by the 
Red Cross for quick work. 

During the Southern California Fair at Riverside, the Food 
Administration, Home Economics, and Red Cross had fine exhibits. 

131 



Ie the Red Cross tent a Nurses' Registration Bureau was in active 
operation all the time. The fear of the coming epidemic prevented 
our carrying out extensive plans for Children's Year at this time. 

l^he Influeiiza Epidemic brought help from every branch of 
work. The Women Precinct Army made a house to house canvass 
for nurses, house helpers, food donations, care for children, etc. 

The lied Cross was busy day and night trying to send nurses 
Avhere needed. The Community Kitchen of Corona furnished hot 
food to the emergency hospital there, and fed many hungry. Our 
Ccunty Chairman of Nursing was at the head of the County relief, 
and was sent ly the supervisors to organize relief in distant parts 
of the County. 

Community Singing was practiced throughout waJ>**ime. In the 
public parks, the picture theaters, the churches, Y. ^W^C. A., Y. M. 
C. A. and at March Field many ''sings" were led by our Chairman 
accompanied by a band. 

The Women's Land Army has done fine work in our County and 
is still busy here. The Women's Committee has aided them in 
furnishing their home, and has been glad to uphold them in every 
way possible. 

An Army of Women, with a captain in every precinct, was organ- 
ized and ready to aid in the placing of the new food cards. For 
this they were not needed, but they did aid in locating helpers during 
the epidemic. *«" 

Although the regular work of the Women's Comipfttee has 
ceased, we expect to aid Children's Year, Community Councils, and 
the Memorial Day for our soldiers. Any time we canWnd our State 
or Nation we stand ready. A 

SACRAMENTO— Mrs. A. A. Coddard, Chairma?i, JuW, 1917, to 

August, 1918; /■ , 

>•*■" ^ 

iMrs. C. T). Webster, Chairman, August, 1918, to 

date. 
Estimated population 92,130. 
Organized with fourteen town units. 

DEPARTMENT W^ORK 

Americamzation — Meetings have been held and work has been 
carried on under the direction of the Housing and Immigration 
Commission, co-operating with the Parent Teachers' Federation. 

Education — The questionnaire sent out to city and county teach- 
ers showed ninety-five per cent of city children in schools, eighty- 
five per cent of county children : some of whom are seasonal workers. 
In elementary city schools, no children kept out because of relatives 
in war service. In the county six per cent of children in elementary 
grades are out of school for above reason. 

Food Administration (County) — Collected fruit and vegetables 
for canning and distributed literature, etc. 

132 



Home Economics — The Chairman of Home Economics reports 
most of her work done through schools and Mother's Clubs. She 
made a tour of inspection through the County to look after fruit 
that was going to waste but found little. Canned at State Fair 
fruit and vegetables sent in by County Food Administrator, also 
fruit and vegetables used by exhibitors. These will be used at 
Mather Field for Thanksgiving. Arranged an exhibit at State Fair. 
During the influenza epidemic, established three diet kitchens, one 
at Nurses' Home, County Hospital, one at Victory Hospital and 
one at Lincoln School. The Lincoln School kitchen served two 
hundred and eighty-five families, three times a day, during the 
epidemic — 12,619 meals in all. 

Health and Ecereation — The Chairman reports co-operating with 
other organizations in Social Hygiene work and in raising Soldiers' 
Recreation Fund. 

Information and Library Service — Distributed literature sent by 
State Chairman. Placed official food bulletins in main and branch 
libraries. Distributed war work campaign literature, also posters 
and book marks for library part of drive. 

Liberty Loan, CHy — ^The City Chairman with over three hun- 
dred workers, collected $2,750,000. 

Liberty T^oan, County — The County Chairman, with over fifty- 
six workers, collected $840,775. Total for City and County, 
$3,090,775. 

City and County together staged a women's evening parade. 
Over three thousand women carrying Japanese lanterns marched 
through the city singing patriotic songs. The "Women's Committee 
was responsible for over twelve hundred of these marchers and all 
the singing. Women served as Four-Minute speakers at Liberty 
Loan campaigns. 

Maintenance of Existing Social Agencies — The Chairman has 
been an active agent in collecting information; requested Supervisors 
to increase allotment for dependent children, receiving promises of 
help. 

Pvblicity — Has been given to all Council of Defense work and 
propaganda, unless already covered by some other local organization. 

Red Cross — Every quota, both of surgical supplies and hospital 
clothing, has been filled. No call — local, state or national — -has been 
turned down. Classes in "First Aid" Nursing and Dietetics have 
been maintained. Nurses, food and clothing were provided during 
the recent epidemic — all organized relief work being supervised and 
controlled by the Red Cross. 

Registration — The work that would naturally fall under this de- 
partment has been largely cared for by local Liberty Leagues. The 
Chairman has undertaken the registration of soldiers and sailors 
and collection of data under the direction of the War History Com- 
mittee. 

Tlie Children's Year — For the weighing and measuring cam- 
paign, the Child Welfare and Education Chairmen gave valuable 
aid in securing assistance of physicians and nurses, clinics and follow- 

133 



up work. Three thousand three hundred and twelve children were 
examined, of whom one thousand four hundred and forty were de- 
fectives. 

Women in Industry — The Chairman has made surveys of labor 
and managed the Women's Land Army; a most successful enter- 
prise in this section. It secured units for fruit picking and other 
necessary help for farmers. 

War Fropaganda — Newspaper articles, etc., of war interest have 
been collected. 

Music — The Chairman has organized all classes of women for 
community singing of patriotic songs. In co-operation with the 
Government Music Chairman, she has held weeks of song and noon 
community song service in lobby of State Capitol — trained depart- 
ment store clerks, church organizations, etc., to sing in parades and 
did most of the work for a large Thanksgiving community song 
service. (One of the most valuable departments in this community.) 

Child We//are— Investigated cases where children were employed 
contrary to law. Solicited cakes and jellies for Mather Field and 
medical attendance for soldiers' families. Provided eighteen gowns 
for children in hospital with influenza ; also complete changes of 
clothing for children taken care of by Sisters of Mercy while parents 
had influenza. 

SPECIAL WORK 

Much of the work of this Committee comes under this heading. 

Chairman served on special Milk Price Committee for Mr. Ralph 
^lerritt. State Food Administrator. 

Issued sugar cards for County Food Administrator for August 
and September. One hundred and sixty-eight women worked eight 
days. 

To conserve man-power, urged single daylight delivery system 
on milk distributors. Plan now in successful operation. 

Enlisted all working women for women's night parade — over 
1200. 

Assisted exemption boards when needed. 

One hundred and thirty women helped send out questionnaires. 

Twelve women helped several days each in filling out question- 
naires. 

Cakes, jellies, soups, fruit, automobiles rides, etc., have been pro- 
vided for Mather Field. 

Four soldiers' wives were cared for before, during and after 
confinement — until able to join their husbands, who had been trans- 
ferred elsewhere. 

An investigation into rumors of neglect and mismanagement a1 
a local training camp proved false. 

During epidemic ; 

]\Iade 100 masks for ^Mather Field. 

Made 2550 masks for Red Cross. 

Furnished one automobile and two helpers for Red Cross. 

Two automobiles and three helpers for soup kitchen. 

One automobile and two helpers for Ann Land charity relief 
work. (This is a fund left by William Land — known as the Ann 

134 



Land fund, the interest from which is used by the eity for helping 
worthy, destitute people.) 

One man nurse for County Hospital. 

Seven nurses for affiicted families. 

One full-time helper for City Health Department. 

Enlisted forty-six volunteer workers among the teachers. 

Our first Vice-President cared for two influenza patients, who 
were unable to procure nurses. 

Student Nurse Reserve — Second Nurses Drive was not under- 
taken, coming as it did in the midst of the Liberty Loan Campaign, 
when all our forces were at work. From the first drive thirty-one 
finally completed applications. 

Placed thirty-nine women at the disposal of the War Chest 
Committee during their final drive. 

SAN BENPrO— Mrs. Kathryn Taylor, Chairman. 

Estimated population 9,000. 

Organized with twenty-six school districts. 
Has Women's War Service Army. 

DEPAKTMENT WORK 

Am.ericanizaiioii — Typewritten lessons have been prepared in 
civics. Under a trained leader, Conimunity Singing has been intro- 
duced. Plans were made for the housing and recreation of for- 
eigners during fruit picking season. Night classes have been estab- 
lished among the foreigners in English and civil government, and 
in child welfare among the foreign mothers. 

Child Welfare — Eree clinicsi were arranged for mothers one 
hour each week, when their babies could be examined free of charge, 
and remedies provided for those who could not afford to pay. The 
importance of having all children examined is being emphasized. 

Food Administration — Reports from the District Chairmen show 
that the people throughout the County are following suggestions 
made by this department, and doing their utmost to co-operate in 
every particular. The schools have taken up the work and have 
pushed the crusade against waste not only in cooking, but in materials 
as well. 

Girls' War Service — This anny of girls has rendered splendid 
service in all drives, and in all patriotic demonstrations of the County. 
The girls in their attractive uniforms have given drills at the State 
Fair and at the Land Show, and in the Patriotic Celebration at San 
Francisco, they have a state-wide reputation and have been an 
example for other Counties in the State. They have assisted in 
harvesting the fruit crops. 

PidAicity — The generous co-operation given by the newspapers 
of the County has assisted the Committee very materially in the 
various war activities. 

Liberty Loan — The Women's Committee has co-operated with the 
men in all drives and their assistance proved valuable in increasing 
the number of subscriptions nearly half. 

135 



Home Economics — The Chairman of this department is a teacher 
of Domestic Science in the High School and has sent war recipes into 
the homes throngh the school children and has held special classes 
in conservation and food conditions. 

SPECIAL WORK 

The Women's War Service Army has harvested the fruit and 
seed crops of the County, has assisted in all the various war drives, 
on the exemption hoards, and has undertaken the work of registering 
all the women of the County for service in any emergency. 

An all Day Fete was given for the French and Belgian Relief 
Fund. 

A free market for fruit and vegetables has been opened through 
the efforts of the Women's Committee. 

A Free Employment Agency has also been established by the 
Women's Committee. 

SAN BERNARDINO— Mrs. Robert F. Garner, Chairman. 
Estimated population 75,000. 
Has War Service Army. 

DEPARTMENT WORK 

Americani'zation — Splendid work done among the Mexican boys 
and girls, particularly in teaching them how to make and care for 
a war garden. During the recent epidemic of Influenza, a hospital 
was established for the Mexicans, and instructions given those at home 
in regard to proper treatment and diet. This was a good civic 
movement and a fine piece of Americanization work as well. Nignt 
schools are being established for the foreigners as fast as deemed 
advisable. 

Food Admimstration — In this work, an organization has been 
established in every town and hamlet in the County by means of 
which instructions from headquarters can immediately be carried 
out. Lectures and practical demonstrations have been held all over 
the County, and through the issuing of sugar permits, the Chairman 
of this department has eome into personal contact with all of the 
housewives. The latest food news was continually kept before the 
public, and literature distributed, in fact hundreds of bulletins 
printed in Spanish have been distributed throughout the Mexican 
settlements. One of the interesting features of this department was 
the work at the cannery where under direction of the Chairman, 
20,996 quarts of fruit were canned, using only 1807 pounds of sugar, 
while in the homes 15,310 cpiarts of fruit and 1725 quarts of vegetables 
were canned with the use of 3662 pounds of sugar. 

Children's Year — This work was interrupted by the influenza 
epidemic but as a result of the work of this Committee, health cen- 
ters are to be established throughout the County, and the work will 
go on. 

Information and Library Service — The Chairman of this de- 
partment has succeeded in reaching every part of the County 

136 



through the County Library, and has distributed literature and 
posters for the department. 

Home Economics — This department comprises all of the teachers 
of Home Economics in the County, their duties being to work through 
the schools spreading the gospel of conservation by means of talks, 
demonstrations, posters and literature. This department co-operates 
with the County Woman Director and with the State Chairman and 
officers of the Council of Defense. 

Maintenance of Existing Social Ageyicies — The Chairman of this 
department requested a survey of conditions to learn not only the 
capacity, but also the needs of existing social agencies. The results 
of this survey were placed on a large chart and are incorporated 
in the general report of the State Chairman of this department. 

Liberty Loan — The "Women of the County assisted in every way 
possible in this work, but had no separate organization. 

SPECIAL V^^ORK 

Hospital for Mexicans during Influenza. 

Special Demonstration on sugar conserving, especially in can- 
ning fruit. 

Survey of conditions affecting social agencies. 
Enrolling of Student Nurses. 

SAN DIEGO — Mrs. A. L. Simpson, Chairman. 

Estimated population 132,425. 
Organized with nineteen town and six district units. 
Have Women's Service Army. 

DEPARTMENT W^ORK 

Food Conservation — The Committee's first activities were di- 
rected towards food conservation and the elimination of waste. With 
the co-operation of the State Normal School, it was possible to ar- 
range lectures for the Home Economics teacher throughout the 
County, before Clubs and Housekeepers' Classes and at groceries. 
These were followed by lectures by the University of California 
Demonstrators, which reached large groups of city people. That 
the people responded to conservation ideas was shown by the fact 
that the garbage output for San Diego was reduced sixty per cent 
in a short time. 

The first Food Pledge Campaign was carried on by house to 
house canvass. These interesting tabulations were made from that 
campaign: Eighty-five per cent of the signers had gardens; ninety- 
five per cent of the signers would take part in neighborhood meetings ; 
one per cent employed cooks. 

The Second Food Pledge Campaign was carried out by the 
Women's Com.raittee, assisted by Soldiers and Sailors. 

The soldiers canvassed the County outside of the City of San 
Diego. Eight districts were canvassed by groups of soldiers, com- 
posed of from fifteen to forty men, each in charge of a captain, who 
addressed the people whenever possible, on the necessity of full co- 

137 



operation with the Food Administration. A band accompanied each 
group, and heralded its approach to each town or village. 

Aside from the importance of getting the Food Pledges signed, 
it was an occasion throughout the County, for patriotic enthusiasm. 
Seven hundred and fifty officers and men from the Naval Training 
Stations canvassed San Diego City by precincts, the whole drive 
being conducted in one day. 

San Diego County has a total of 18,592 families, and secured 
23,262 Food Pledge signatures at a total expense of $89.85. 

To show to the men the appreciation of the women, a ball was 
given at the Grant Hotel, which was attended by twelve hundred 
men in uniform, the Women's Committee providing the girls. The 
^fexican Consul co-operated by supplying a Spanish circular, to be 
furnished the large number of Mexicans in the County. 

The Food Administration Chairman, appointed under the State 
Department ,has carried out fully the directions sent to her. 

Child Welfare — About a thousand children under six years 
were weighed and measured. Through the curtesy of fifteen local 
physicians, and a psychologist, who gave their services, it was pos- 
sible not only to weigh and measure the children, but also to give 
them a thorough physical and mental test. All defects were pointed 
out to the mothers, with suggestions for their correction. "Where 
treatment was necessary, the children were referred to their family 
physicians or the County Clinic. 

Health Centers in various parts of San Diego are to be estab- 
lished. 

Further work interrupted by epidemic. 

Women in Industry — The Chairman has worked in conjunction 
with the Community Labor Bureau of the Y. W. C. A. 

A canvass oF the whole labor situation of the County was 
made — with the result that local communities were stimulated to 
take care of labor necessities. A "Women's Land Army was planned, 
to send women into the country w^here needed, but this was found 
unnecessary, so only a few women and girls were employed outside 
of their own immediate locality. Wages and living conditions were 
watched, and a minimum of thirty cents an hour established for grown 
boys and women. Local housing conditions for workers were not 
very good, so motor trucks were used to gather them in the morning 
and deliver them in the evening to the nearest village. One of the 
efforts of the Committee has been to stop the illegal sale of liquor 
to laborers. 

Americanization — This department has organized a unit of Mex- 
ican women in San Diego City with a membership of sixty, which 
meets once a week in a downtown office room for Red Cross and 
sewing for Belgian relief and Home Economics instruction. At 
each session, Spanish speaking American women give talks on the 
meaning of America. Recreation has been arranged at the play- 
grounds certain evenings during the week for Mexican men and 
women. 

Health and Recreation — The Chairman is making an exhaustive 
survey of the County. She is a member of the War Camp Community 

138 



Service, and will be in attendance at all meetings of the California 
-Military Welfare Commission. 

PnhlicUy — This department has been very active, and has space 
in all County and City newspapers. The press co-operates with the 
Chairman, giving her articles excellent headlines, and in the most 
desirable, general news sections of the papers. 

Registration — This department made a complete registration of 
the women of the City and County, using a card suited to local 
needs — the Mexican Consul co-operated by furnishing a thousand 
cards in Spanish for the registration of Mexican women, 

SPECIAL WORK 

Student Nurse Enrollment — Registration booths were established 
at Red Cross Headquarters of the Women's Committee. Two hun- 
dred applicants were enrolled. 

Classes for intensive study for student nurses have been estab- 
lished in neighborhoods through the eiforts of this Committee. 

The nursing conditions for nurses at two of the hospitals were 
investigated at the request of the Bureau of Nursing of the State 
Board of Health, with the result of improvement. 

Motor Corps — Organized through an Act of the Governor of the 
State, as part of the State ]Militia, under the control of the Adjutant 
General. 

In order to enlist in the Corps, the following requirements were 
necessary : 

1. To pass physical examination by Corps doctor. 

2. A First Aid Certificate. 

3. A Motor Mechanic's Certificate. 

4. To take the Oath of Allegiance. 
Messenger Service, 916 Calls. 

Ambulance Service, 661 Calls; 821 Patients moved. 

Salvage collected for Red Cross by trucks, $4417.57. 

A secret Motor Corps of twenty-five women was organized to 
assist the American Protective League. This unit did not wear a 
uniform. 

Periodical League — The Collegiate Periodical League in co-opera- 
tion with the Motor Corps has supplied the camp of the County with 
magazines and periodicals. During the month of October ten thousand 
were collected and distributed. 

War Service Army — Made house to house canvass in United 
War Work Campaign. The Women's Committee assisted in the 
establishment of the first United Service Hospital, for the wives and 
families of the m.en in service. This hospital maintained by volunteer 
effort, renders free service for those who wish it, with a maximum 
rate of one dollar per day for enlisted men's families and one dollar 
and fifty cents for officers' families. 

Other special work which the Committee was called upon to 
assist with : 

Income Tax Returns. 

Soldiers' and Sailors' Insurance. 

Serbian and Italian Relief. 

Red Cross, and the War Work Campaign of the Y. W. C. A, 

139 



SAN FRANCISCO— Mrs. Frank Fredericks, Chairman, June, 1917, 

to September, 1918. (Died January, 1919.) 

Estimated population 580,000. 

Organized by Districts and has Women's War Service Army. 

San Francisco County was only partially organized for the 
Women's Committee. Much important war work and department 
work was done by organizations. As the Executive Committee of 
the State Women's Committee had an office in San Francisc©, some 
of the deiDartment work was directed from that office. 

DEPARTMENT WORK 

Food Conservation 
Mrs. W, Du Bois Brookings, Chairman. 

The Committee was given free quarters in the City Hall, and 
opened a Food Bureau, which was kept open every afternoon, with 
young women from the Economic Department of the Lux School in 
attendance. This was maintained for several months; but owing 
to the location of the Bureau, the public interest shown was slight. 

A bibliography was prepared of books bearing on food and 
assistance given in food pledge work and posters distributed. The 
Chairman of this Committee attended regular meetings held under 
the Food Administration, and also served on a Committee formed 
by Mr. Weinstock, State Market Director, to study problems in- 
volved in the reduction of the price of fish. We made a general 
survey of the marketing condition of fish and the showing of the 
fish. The idea of a great fish festival which the State Market Director 
had was abandoned as a result of this investigation. Very much 
later in the year the United States Bureau of Fisheries sent a 
Demonstrator, Mrs. Spencer, to the City, and many suggestions and 
indirect co-operation was given from this office. Under the auspices 
of the San Francisco Center, Mrs. Spencer gave demonstrations for 
three weeks to large audiences. 

The work of the San Francisco Center in the early development 
of the Food Propaganda was fundamental to all that was accomplished 
in the City. The Public Health Committee, with the co-operation of 
the War Service Committee, of which the Chairman of this Depart- 
ment was also Chairman, prepared a series of Charts for use in High 
School Cafeterias, which gave the caloric basis for the proper selection 
of a w^ell balanced meal and showed the basis for substituting foods 
not required, for those needed by our Allies. These charts had a 
very wide circulation in the city and were sent for in large numbers 
from all over the country. This Committee also published other food 
bulletins, which had a large circulation. On Mr. Merritt's suggestion, 
a plan for giving conservation lessons in the public school was out- 
lined by this Committee. Dr. Brown's Committee also furnished a 
large group of speakers on food in the public schools. These two 
Committees exhibited in booths at the Land Show ; the Baby Welfare 
exhibit illustrating War Thrift in one case, and a War Diet for young 

140 



children in the other, and had members of the Committee in attend- 
ance at all times. 

A cafeteria luncheon at the Lux School, prepared by the pupils, 
and a luncheon at the St, Francis, under the chef, further served 
to illustrate the conservative principles. Propaganda was sent to the 
Chairmen of Home Economics m the various Federated Clubs in 
the City. 

During this period we were also collecting material for a war 
cook book, which was publislied during the winter. 

A series of demonstrations were arranged at the Emporium, 
covering the various features of the conservation propaganda. These 
were very well attended. 

As Food Director under the Food Administration, the Woman's 
"Army plan of district organization was used as the nucleus for 
the establishment of Food Centers. The result was the establish- 
ment in the Fall of four centers where demonstrations and Food 
Meetings were held and literature distributed. 

Eight thousand Sugar Permits were issued for Home Canning 
for the Food Administration. About seventy-five women gave fre- 
quent service, another twenty-five we occasionally called upon. This 
is exclusive of the personnel of the Woman's Army, which was used 
in the distribution of the Letter to San Francisco Housewives, which 
initiated the Wheatless Campaign. The Woman's Army was used 
in organizing the Food Mass Meeting which followed the close of the 
War, and a group of over forty-three smaller meetings was held to 
spread the proposed war economy propaganda. 

In conjunction with the Bureau of Immigration and Housing 
and the International Institute of the Y. W. C. A., the nucleus of 
a grouj) of foreign born women, who would have assisted in the 
interpretation of the Home Card to their own groups, had been 
worked out. We had used the district basis for an estimation of 
the population of the city, and had prepared a chart showing the 
number of foreign born of each of the main nationalities by dis- 
tricts. All of this made us feel that food was one of the natural 
mediums for Americanization work among foreign born women. 

Miss Ellen Bartlett, Director of Home Economics for the City 
and head of the Home Economics work in the public schools, organ- 
ized her teachers on a district basis corresponding to ours, so that 
we had plans for food programs for the organized centers, to be 
carried out under the leadership of the Home Economics teachers of 
the district. This parallel organization of Home Economics and 
Food Conservation work was very important, and might well be 
kept up under a peace plan. 

As Woman Director of Food Conservation, and in connection 
with the Sugar Permit work, an enormous educational work was 
carried on among grocers, who seemed often very much bewildered 
over the details of conservation. Probably two or three hundred such 
cases were liandled. 

The office work was organized with a paid Secretary, and the 
supplies were furnished under an appropriation from the Food Ad- 
ministration. A small sum was given us for Bulletins, of which three 

141 



were issued on Sugar (printed on blue paper) and two on Wheat 
(printed on yellow paper). Also sent many mimeographed letters to 
groups such as housemaids, Finnish Women, Food Chairmen of Fed- 
erated Clubs, etc. The volunteer personnel of the office also handled 
the records and the interviews involved in the handling of Sugar 
Permits and explained propaganda. 

The Committee kept in touch with the Federated Clubs through 
their Chairmen of Home Economics and held conferences with them, 
sent them literature and bulletins as fast as they came out. Many 
o£ tliese clubs maintained Bulletin Boards, arranged for speakers 
through the Committee, and took steps to keep in touch with the 
propaganda as it developed. There was, also, very fine co-operation 
from the Mothers' Clubs. 

Children's Year Committee of San Francisco 
Mrs. Alfred i\IcLaughlin, Chairman. 

The weighing and measuring was prepared for the June drive 
in three weeks, looking upon it as an experiment to find out just 
what could be done in San Francisco and what was needed. There 
was enthusiastic co-operation from the institutions, hospitals and 
settlements doing children's health work; besides stimulating two 
new health centers to start in neighborhoods unprovided for, there 
were thirteen in all. Experts told us to prepare for about 1000 
children; we examined 4000 and had demands for 4000 more, for 
whom there was neither time nor room. 

Our next drive was scheduled for November. By analyzing the 
June request, the neighborhoods which most wanted the centers were 
found, and an eflFort was then made to enlist in those neighborhoods 
settlements, clubs, churches, kindergartens or schools, any local 
agencies with the right backing and spirit which might be inter- 
ested to do children's health work not only in this drive but per- 
manently. Thirty such health centers were prepared, half of which 
at least were eager to continue to hold children's health confer- 
ences. The San Francisco County Medical Association has circular- 
ized its members who pledged time for the drive in order that all 
the city might work together instead of a few bearing the burden. 
The National League for Women's Service had pledged clerical help 
for the registration and clinical help for the drive. A sale of seals 
was planned to start, with stores giving window displays and news- 
papers and movies giving us all the publicity we wanted. The "flu" 
came. The work now has been to hold our organization together 
until health conditions permit resuming. Continued public interest 
in spite of the constant postponement gives the assurance that the 
women of San Francisco felt the need for this and are really anxious 
to be taught how to keep their children well. The only tangible 
thing which has been done recently is to have a luncheon with the 
Juvenile Protective Association, Public Education Society, and San 
Francisco Center to stimulate interest in the legislation offered by 
Mr. Will Wood, State Superintendent of public schools. 

This report is submitted with the sincere hope that the year 
will not end without the opportunity of reaching all the mothers 
in San Francisco who really want their children examined. 

142 



Women in Industry 
Mrs. Sidney Joseph, Chairman. 

With the help of some young women from the Department of 
Economics of the University of California, a survey was made of 
one hundred and thirty-four establishments, employing eleven 
thousand one hundred and seventy-nine women. 

Since the entrance of the Ignited States into war the increase 
in the number of Avomen employed in eight of the representative firms 
visited has been about one hundred and thirteen per cent. 

A general raising of the age of women employed was noticed — 
ages run 16-10, 3 7-50. In one cannery the range was 17-89. There 
was an adequate supply of women labor. 

Many married women returned to machines. 

A new development pointed out by employers was the woman 
"floater." The general level of wages did not rise in proportion to 
the general level of prices, even though in specified instances wages 
were high. 

Rest rooms are few, welfare workers a rarity, and health records 
non-existent. 

The labor of women will become efficient when it is realized 
that their economic environment must be adapted to their human 
needs. And to get good work the employer must pay good wages. 

SPECIAL W'ORK 

student Nurse Reserve 

Under direction ]\lrs. Edward F. Glaser, Vice-Chairman Women's 

Committee. 

A conference was held in San Francisco on July 23rd, which 
called together the County Chairmen of the Women's Committee of 
the Bay Region, re])resentatives of National, State and County Red 
Cross Nursing Associations. Educational and Public Health Bodies. 
It was addressed by Miss Anna Jamme, Director for the Bureau for 
Registration of Nurses of the State Board of Health, who had been 
detailed by the V. S. Surgeon-General to establish the new training 
schools in connection with base hospitals in the United States. She 
explained the purpose of the proposed Student Nurse Campaign and 
the need of the Surgeon-General's office having available records of 
young women qualified and willing to serve in their country's crisis. 
Co-operation was assured the Women's Committee by all the organ- 
izations represented at the Conference, and, as a result, on July 
29th recruiting stations were established in all the Bay Counties 
whose Chairmen were present at the meeting. In San Francisco 
these stations were placed by the County Chairman, Mrs. Frank 
Fredericks, in many of the prominent stores in the city, and Northern 
members of the l^iXecutive Board of the Women's Committee opened 
a Bureau of Inform.ation at the headquarters in the Ferry Building. 
This Bureau became logically a recruiting and distributing station 
also, and during the time it was maintained, more than fifteen hun- 

143 ... 



dred persons visited it from all over the State and even from a num- 
ber of other States, seeking information, literature and advice — a 
certain proportion enrolling. 

A number of young women who came to the Bureau for advice, 
and who did not wish to enroll and wait for assignment by Wash- 
ington, were sent by the Committee to training schools in San Fran- 
cisco and vicinity. Undoubtedly many others inspired by the Cam- 
paign have entered training schools without referring to the Com- 
mittee, so that tlie figures available do not tell the whole story. 
Applicants sent in from San Francisco County numbered sixty-nine. 

iSan Francisco Woman's Army 

Mrs. ('harles Aiken, Leader. 

The Saa Francisco Woman's Army was organized in the spring 
of 1918 at the request of the San Francisco Woman's Committee of 
the Council of State Defense. 

San Francisco is too large to attack in any other way than by 
districts; topograpliical and cosmopolitan difficulties calling for dis- 
tinct and separate attention. The San Francisco Army was there- 
fore organized on lines of district organization, looking towards the 
establishment of commu.nity or district centers of the community 
council type. 

ORGANIZATION PLAN 

There are thirteen divisions, or districts in San Francisco, as- 
s(>mbly districts. The army plan included: a leader, three colonels 
wlio divided the city into three large zones, under whom reported 
thirteen majors, or disirid leaders; these majors in turn commanded 
eaptains whose jurisdiction covered ten precincts; each captain, or 
fen-precinct leader commanded ten lieutenants, or precimct leaders; 
these precincts being divided among sergeants, the ideal plan being 
to give each sergeant thirty homes as her regular responsibility, 
each sergeant to have an understudy. In order to prevent political 
aspirants from working their way into coveted leaderships, the leaders 
of these thirteen divisions were taken from the large woman's organ- 
izations of the city; the 82nd district, for instance, being directed 
by a member of thc3 San Francisco Center of the Civic League; 
the 31st by a member of the National League of Woman's Service; 
the 33rd. which district includes the Latin quarter of the city, being 
directed by a member of the Vittoria Colonna Club. 

The attempt was at once made to establish in each of the thirteen 
districts of San Francisco a M'^a r-service bureau or district center. 
Five were estal)lished ; the others waited on the launching of the 
Community Count-il plan by the State Council of Defense, experience 
from the five proving the need of such sponsoring in order to get 
the proper financial support of the districts. 

DRIVES 

The Children's Year — The first drive was undertaken by the 
army when in the process of mobilization, in May, 1918, the women 
carried a dou])le message to the homes, conveying the information of 

144 



the weighing centers find the plan of the Children's Year campaiign 
as well as the ''Save ihe "Wheat" plea from the Food Administration. 
Three of the thirteen districts were not then organized. The other 
ten efficiently covered these. Onr district, which includes the Latin 
quarter of the city, established its own center, secured its own doctors, 
and weighed si.K hundred and fifty babies out of a recorded one 
thousand. 

The TV«r Savings Stamp Drir^ — The second drive of the Army 
ended June 18th. under the direction of the War Savings Committee 
of San Francisco. Su])scriptions credited to the Women's Army — 
$473,856. 

War Service Burmv.s — Five of these centers were established in 
August to October, 1918. The immediate purpose was to carry in- 
formation of all war-activities to the people of the communities; to 
hold cooking demonstrations ; war-lectures ; war-savings societies ; Red 
Cross Auxiliaries; and lo serve as salvage stations, etc. 

Liberty Loan Drive— The Woman's Army was used during the 
Fourth Libo'rty Loan drive in a way unsatisfactorily to itself, i. e., 
individually. The Army leader was made general of one of the small 
divisions of a new zoning plan. Her workers, army women, collected 
$354,350. To the general of a neighboring division the army con- 
tributed a force of one hundred and fifty workers who collected sub- 
scriptions to the amount $331,800. The largest amounts were collected 
on Volunteer Day, when the divisions were not allowed to segregate 
their collections. One worker brought in $27,000. There were sev- 
eral thousand women working not only on that day, but during 
the entire campaign, their collections, as teams or individuals being 
merged in the several division leaders, and so cannot be added to 
this report. One caj^tain collected in one of the poorest districts 
^;G0,000 in eight blocks, most cf these being in fifty dollar sub- 
scriptions. 

Thrift Stamp Drive — The Woman's Army was asked to give 
eleventh hour assistance to the Thrift Stamp Drive in September, 
1918. Collections, $8,135.00. 

War Belief Week — The first two weeks of December were dedi- 
cated to the work of the Food Administration. A mass meeting, 
called by the Array, met in the Palace Hotel, Wednesday afternoon, 
December fourth, when smaller meetings in the several districts were 
organized for the week following. Mr. Merritt and Mrs. Brookings 
were the principal speakers. 

Epidemic Relief — A food and automobile relief committee was 
organized by the Army the first week of the epidemic. Regular con- 
tributions of soups, custards and jellies were given to the Fruit and 
Flower Mission and to the Associated Charities for distribution until 
the whole work was taken over by the Red Cross. The Army work 
became a regular part of the work of this Association in the Mission 
district. While this work was in progress, a telephone drive was 
undertaken by the Army to obtain nurses for the San Francisco 
stricken ones, many of the Army women themselves volunteering. 

Bed Cross Memhersliip Drive — Seven of the thirteen districts of 
the Army or district organization, assisted in the Red Cross mem- 

145 



bership drive, under Red Cross leaders, only one district being led 
by an Army leader whose workers cleared $8,403.00. 

The Parent Teachers' Association — The School Board of San 
Francisco felt it necessary to deny to the San Francisco Congress 
of Mothers the use of the schools for the individual Mothers' Clubs. 
The Woman's Army immediately offered their several bureaus which 
have been used as meeting places during the epidemic periods by the 
Parent Teachers' Associations and Mothers' Clubs. 

Belgian Kelief — The War Service Bureaus have been in use 
during December by the San Francisco Committee of the Commis- 
sion of Relief in Belgium. Christmas cards sold, and donations re- 
ceived of money and clothing. The intensive drive for clothing 
whiieh has been several times postponed because of the recurrence of 
the influenza epidemic, will probably take place the first or second 
week of February when the centers will again be used for receiving 
stations for clothing for the Belgian sufferers. 

City Christinas Kelief — One bureau assisted in the filling of fifty 
baskets for Christmas dinners for the city poor, and in the collecting 
of several automobile loads of clothing for distressed families. 

Investigation Committee — The investigation committee of the 
Army has investigated every case of poverty, sickness, school truancy, 
or alien hostility which has been uncovered by house to house can- 
vassing. The cases of poverty and distress being immediately re- 
ferred, af1er investigation, to the Associated Charities; the cases of 
alien hostility, after investigation and written testimony, being re- 
ferred to Mrs. Annette Adams, the United States District Attorney. 

SAN JOAQUIN— Miss Nellie Alice Smith, Chairman, July, 1917, 
to April, 1918; 

]\Irs. John S. Montgomery, Chairman, April, 1918, 
to date. 

Estimated population 75,000. 

Organized with one city unit and eighteen district units. 

DEPARTMENT WORJi 

Americanization — Work has been carried en, making a very 
satisfactory beginning among the Russians and Italians. 

Children's Year — Work is well established and will be per- 
manently continued for some time. 

Education and Educational Propaganda — The Chairman of these 
Departments is to be commended for much work in and around Stock- 
ton. 

Food Administration — The Chairman has been ever active, hold- 
ing meetings, giving lectures, and keeping the people thoughtful and 
true to their Nation's pledge. 

Girls' War Service — The Chairman reported over a hundred girls 
made happier by employment and suggestion. She is a live wire and 
the work will continue. 

140 . ... 



Health and Recreation — The ('hairraan reports Play Grounds and 
Municipal Pools well patronized up to the closing for "Flu." The 
work will be continued after the quarantine is lifted. 

Home Economics — This Department is affiliated with one organ- 
ized by the Farm Bureau. There was a membership of over two 
hundred. The membership fee paying for sugar and cans to con- 
serve all fruit and vegetables in this community. Many cans of 
fruit and glasses of jelly were sent to cantonments and hospitals. 

Informution and Lihrarjf Service — This Department has ever 
met every necessity. 

Liberty Loan in our County was handled by Men's Committee. 
We always more than went "over the top" — doubled our quota in 
the first two drives as the records show. 

Maintenance of Existing Social Agencies — The Chairman has 
worked in conjunction witli our Red Cross and Unit Chairman. 
Loads of necessities were provided for the needy. Nurses sent to 
homes where needed. The morale of many communities changed to 
an unlooked for advancement. 

PuhUcitii — The Chairman of this Department is a "live wire," 
and the Women's Committee work has been well written up for the 
press, and all suggestions from headquarters which a community 
might better understand by publicity have liad a place in our 
local papers. 

Bed Cross — Our Count}^ Units have been ready to meet every 
i.eed with more than the required quota and always have had a 
surplus of hundreds to meet all demands. 

Women in Industry — The Chairman of this Department filled 
many men's places with very efficient women workers. A woman 
in this County successfully manages and handles one of the largest 
daiTies in this part of the State. This was made necessary when all 
the men of her family wont to war. There are others doing every 
conceivable line of ranch work. 

SPECIAL WORK 

Student Nurse Reserve — The Student Nurse Reserve registration 
met with creditable numbers in our County, and we more than met 
our quota. Had to turn down many on account of age or lack of 
education. 

Influenza Epidemic — The Influenza Epidemic still holding its 
quarantine here finds our department every moment on the job. 

Under the Women's Committee, the community was all organ- 
ized to meet the epidemic two weeks before it came. It had enroHed 
a list of fifty women who would nurse in case of necessity. 

When the dread malady actually broke out our emergency hos- 
pital awaited the demand, often containing as high as fifty patients 
at a time. They paid if able, or the County and City met expenses 
together. 

A model camp for the Woman's Land Army was maintained and 
it was occupied by from fifty to two hundred Land Army girls from 
August till the first part of December. 

The girls assisted the ranchers in saving many a crop. 

We still "Carry On." 

147 



SAN LUIS OBISPO— Mrs. C. B. Hughson, Acting Chairman. 
Estimated population 25,000. 
Has not been organized for the Women's Committee Work. 

An immense amount of M'ork was done by the women of San 
Luis Obispo County during the war. in a variety of lines. The Ren 
Cross formed the principal field of endeavor, although food con- 
servation, thrift stamps, Liberty Loans, and other lines also claimed 
the efforts of many. 

Almost every woman in the County was engaged in some line 
of Bed Cross work from the outbreak of the war. 

The Genera] Chairman of the Sewing Committee had the fol- 
lowing garments constructed under her supervision : 

Hospital Garments 5,443 

Refugee Garments 2,384 

This Committee also prepared 2,138 articles of Hospital linen. 

The Knitting Committee prepared 3,185 knitted garments. 

The Salvage Shop, m the four months and six days it was oper- 
ated, cleared $3,306.14. 

The Junior Red Cross established seventy-five auxiliaries in the 
County, with a membership of 3,033. They established a tea room 
and lunch room on the second floor of the Steinhart Building, and 
operated it from June until September, when the Influenza epidemic 
caused it to be closed. From this enterprise they cleared the sum 
of $8,397.94. They also planted 377 war gardens, and made a num- 
ber of refugee garments, comfort bags, knitted articles, and other 
useful things. 

The Canteen Service began work on August 1st, 1918, and are 
still continuing their ministrations to soldiers en route through this 
city. Up to January 1, 1919, they had met and served 7,817 soldiers 
and sailors, distributed stamped post cards to the number of 5,461 ; 
distributed 15,703 cigarettes, 5,825 packages of gum, 250 ice cream 
cones, 875 pounds of fruit, 4,481 squares and bars of chocolate, 410 
magazines. 160 gallons of coffee, and had collected and mailed 681 
letters, and served 1,700 men with complete meals. In addition to 
this work, they supplied many dainties for Christmas and Thanks- 
givimg dinners for the company of soldiers stationed at the tank farm 
near the City of San Luis Obispo, mince pies, cheese, home made 
cakes, fruit, nuts and raisins being among the things sent. A large 
Christmas tree, M-ith a package for every man in the company was 
part of the entertainmput at a New Year party given in theia:' honor. 
Each man received a pair of socks, two handkerchiefs, and home 
made cakes and candy on this occasion. One hundred and ten blankets 
were also supplied these men. 

The Home Service Section lias supplied seventy families with 
information regarding men in service, written countless letters, at- 
tended to allotments, and other things to aid the families of soldiers 
and sailors. During the two influenza epidemics, this section 
equipped, and with the aid of the City and County, maintained in- 
fluenza hospitals, caring for sixty-two patients in the City of San 

148 



Luis Obispo, and mh even larger number of eases in other districts 
of the County. 

In the matter of Christmas boxes the Red Cross supplied in 
1917 boxes to the number of three hundred and fifty. In addition 
to this number, many more were filled for soldiers in convalescent 
homes in Southern California, and two hundred Comfort Bags were 
made and filled for the same purpose. In 1918 about five hundred 
Christmas boxes were provided. 

In the Belgian Drive two and one-half tons of clothing M'as ob- 
tained and shipped for the Belgians. 

The publicity for the Red Cross has been very successfully man- 
aged, and much of the success of the Red Cross is due to this. 

Liberty Loan Drive — Fully half of the work done in the Liberty 
Loan drives was done by the women of this County, who aided in 
the house-to-house canvass of the County. Mrs. J. M. Sims was 
in charge of the women's work in these drives, in the City of San 
Luis Obispo. Every precinct in the city had a woman captain and 
a committee of women. The figures are not available for the first 
three loans, but in the Fourth Liberty Loan Campaign, $116,000 
was taken in by the women workers. 

Thrift and War Savings Stamps^ln the matter of Thrift and 
War Savings Stamps, no figures on the results obtained by the 
women of this County are available, but it was a committee of 
women which introduced the stamps in the County. The City of 
San Luis Obispo was divided into four sections, and with their 
committees, made a house-to-house canvass, introducing and explain- 
ing the object of the stamps, and inaugurating their sale. 

Food Conservation — The Food Conservation movement was 
started in this County by the Women's Civic Club of the City of 
San Luis Obispo. This Club, early in the Fall of 1917, held a three 
days' demonstration of food conservation methods, under the di- 
rections of Miss Louise Eubanks of the University of California, which 
was largely attended by women from surrounding parts of the 
( 'Ounty. Later in the Fall, with the assistance of officers of the Civic 
Club, Miss Plubanks founded a "Hoover Club" in Arroyo Grande, 
for the purpose of furthering the food conservation movement. 

A canvass was made of the City and most parts of the County 
for the purpose of signing the food pledge cards, which met with 
good results. 

Belgian Belief — While no direct figures are obtainable on the 
amount of work done for the relief of Belgium, it is a line of en- 
deavor which has attracted the efforts of many women throughout 
the County. 



149 



SAN MATEO— Mrs. Finlay Cook, Chairman, July, 1917, to February. 
1918;' 

j\Irs. John \j. McCinii, riiairuian, Febrnary, 191.S, 
to date. 

Estimated population 35,000. 

Organized in three sections. 

Has War Service Army. 

DEPARTMENT WORK 

Americanization — Americanization was carried on in this County 
to a large extent, especially in South San Francisco and Half Moon 
Bay, where there are many foreigners. A special day was set 
aside in San Mateo for the Italian mothers to go to the Red Cross 
rooms, and in this way the Chairman was enabled to come in closer 
touch with them. Night school was started in Half Moon Bay and 
the foreign people encouraged to attend. 

Attention was brought by this Committee to the great need 
of teaching the soldiers at Camp Fremont the English language, and 
classes were started there. San Mateo County teachers volunteered 
to go to the Camp. This work was done under the Y. M. C. A., 
and Father jMausant, in different parts of the Camp, the authorities 
co-operating. Propaganda was spread by this Committee on the 
necessity of getting acquainted with our foreigners, and explaining 
to them the necessity of the war, the work of the Red Cross, and 
the need of buying Liberty Bonds. 

Children's Year — This Department met with great success in 
this County. Over one thousand six hundred and forty babies were 
examined. The doctors co-operated in every w^ay. The Supervisors 
gave the necessary monej^ for expenses and helped in every w^ay. 
Scales were bought for the doctors, who were not equipped, and 
machines furnished to those mothers who lived a distance away 
from the center. Three Health Centers have been started through 
the influence of the Children's Year, one at South San Francisco, 
one at Daly City and one in San Mateo. The last two are sup- 
ported by the San Mateo Welfare and Public Health Committee, 
which is assisted by the Public Nursing Department of the Red Cross. 
Much work has been done by this Committee in educating the 
mothers to the need of watching the child's health, and proper feed- 
ing. Many mothers are looking forward to the next drive, is the 
report of the doctors, which will be in April. 

Edvcation — This Coiiimittee co-operated with the State Chairman 
along all lines which have been indicated ; making a survey and seeing 
that children of school age attend school. Resolutions have been 
passed, thanking the teachers of San ]Mateo for their assistance during 
the Influenza. 

Educational Propaganda — Speakers along these lines appeared 
before the various Women's Clubs of the County; also made public 
any German propaganda known of in this section. 

150 



Food Administration — A speaker was present at each meeting 
to talk on this siil>.iect, giving advice as to how to use the different 
substitutes. The Chairman of this department, in the second drive 
secured the signatures of eighty-two per cent of the residents of 
the County to the food pledges. This Chairman spoke at some 
hundred meetings, on all the things of importance in the order of 
their appearing. The Food Administration was co-operated with in 
every way, and preparation was made to help the County Chairman 
Avith a house-to-house canvass, when peace was declared. 

Girls' War Service — Many small circles of girls were organized 
throughout the County. They sewed for the Base Hospital at 
Fremont and also made pillows, etc., for the soldiers, besides giving 
dances and entertainments. There were many calls for articles from 
the hospital and assistance was given in many ways. 

The Chairman also did much good M^ork on the Girls' Organiza- 
tions Board for the War Camp Community Service. The County 
Chairman represented this Committee on the Executive Board : 
employment was also secured for soldiers' wives. 

Health and Recreation — The Committee co-operated with Camp 
Fremont and the National League for Women's Service, which had 
canteens at Menlo and Palo Alto. 

Home Economics — The Chairman in charge of this department 
reported that the girls of the High School made garments, jelly for 
the hospital and held many demonstrations during the year. 

Information and Library Service — This Committee collected 
books for the soldiers at Camps Lewis and Fremont. The Chairman 
made interesting reports to this Committee of the work done; South 
City alone sent two hundred books to the Grizzlies. 

Liberty Loan — The County Chairman was in charge of both of 
the last Liberty Loans (3rd and 4th). This Committee held an im- 
mense Liberty Loan meeting in San Mateo for the Third Loan and 
had a very successful meeting. The Women's Committee collected 
$185,250 for the Fourth Loan. This Committee has no other record 
of previous loans, before the present Chairman took office. The 
women of this County collected $762,650 in the Fourth Liberty Loan : 
the quota was $888,500. The Women's War Service Army was or- 
ganized to co-operate in every way for this drive, and rendered valu- 
able assistance. 

Maintenance of Existing Social Agencies — The Chairman of this 
Department made a personal survey for the State Chairman of this 
Department, and furnished a very complete report. Endeavors have 
been made to secure a new hospital for this County, but the workers 
have been fighting against great odds. The Social Service Agencies 
have been co-operated with in every way possible. A report has been 
made of the work in connection with the County Jail at Redwood, 
efforts to have the women there removed to the Home for Delinquent 
Women proving successful. 

Resolutions were passed by this Committee urging that im- 
mediate steps be taken for the special care of mentally deficient 
children, especially those of San Mateo County, by the State. 
Copies of said resolutions were ordered sent to our Senator and 
Assemblyman. 

151 



Publicity — The Chairman of this Department has carried out 
her work successfully. All the papers of the County have co- 
operated. They have never refused any space to this Committee, 
and the Committee feels deeply grateful for their support. Reports 
of all meetings, announcements, etc., were put in all the County 
papers. 

Ked Cross — This Committee has supported the Red Cross Shop 
at South San Francisco and Burlingame, and has tried to secure 
as much assistance for the Red Cross workrooms as possible. 

WonW7i in Industry — The Chairman co-operated with the 
Women's Land Army and secured reports from the different cor- 
porations throughout the count3^ employing many women. San 
IMateo was not bothered by lack of help. 

SPECIAL WORK 

Student Nurse Reserve — This Committee took charge of the en- 
rollment of nurses and established centers throughout the County, 
and also had films run at the movies. 

Special Meeting — Held a meeting at High School Auditorium 
October 12th, "Women in War Work." Had all the representatives 
of Women's War Work in the County present; also Liberty Loan 
speakers and had Community Singing . The entire affair, which 
drew a large crowd, was under the management of this Committee. 

Speakers and, Information — Have had many speakers down in 
this County to assist in Child Welfare, Liberty Loans, Food Ad- 
ministration, Women's War Service, Array, Educational Propaganda, 
United War Work Campaign, Community Council, War Camp Com- 
munity Service and Red Cross work. 

Influenza Epidemic — This Committee co-operated in every way 
with the Red Cross; took names of nurses and secured other in- 
formation before the Red Cross started, and after their organization 
was perfected, turned the organization over to them. The Women's 
War Service Army assiRted in finding nurses, reporting cases, and 
with motor service; also at the Soup Kitchen. The Chairman of 
this Committee was appointed to act on the Red Cross Executive 
Committee of the Influenza Committee for this County and to repre- 
sent this Committee. 

Commimity Singiiig — Community Singing was started in each 
community in this County, with great success. The people took it 
up with interest and the Chairman has appointed community lead- 
ers in each place. The Committee had the co-operation of the mov- 
ing pictures houses, some of them even providing slides for songs. 

Women's War Service Armoj — This organization has been of the 
greatest assistance to this Committee in all ways. The entire County 
was well organized and each community worked under a major, who 
in turn reported to the colonel. The Chairman of the Committee 
was in charge of the work and the colonel worked under her di- 
rections. They gave splendid service during the Liberty Loans and 
the Influenza Epidemic; also during the Children's Drives. 

War Gardens — The Chairman of this Department is going ahead 
with this work, co-operating with the school teachers. 

152 



United War Campaign — The Women's Committee assisted in this 
campaign, using the Women's War Service Army. Had a band 
from Fremont and took the County over the top; worked with the 
Men's Committee fifty-tifty. The Cliairmnn was appointed to act on 
the Executive Board for this County. 

Feeding Soldiers Leaving for Camps — This Committee furnished 
the draft boys when leaving San Mateo with lunch, drinking cups, 
cigarettes and candy, not once, but on several occasions. The money 
was collected by a committee appointed for that purpose. 

This Committee was also ready to serve luncheon to the band 
that came up from Fremont to play on Registration Day. 

The Women's Committee for this County adjourned on call 
February 21st, 1919. Before doing so they made an appropriation 
to buy cigarettes for the returned boys of San Mateo. These cigarettes 
were presented at a mass meeting of the Community Council. The 
members of this Committee are ready to lend their assistance to 
make the Community Councils successful. 

The Chairman was appointed as permanent Chairman for the 
San Mateo Division of the Community Council and reports that 
the first meeting here was a huge success. Over six hundred people 
attended the first meeting here and the reception to the returned 
San Mateo soldier boys. 

SANTA BARBARA— Miss Miriam B. Edwards, Chairman, June, 

1917, to June, 1918: 

Mrs. Clara E. Herbert, Chairman, June, 1918, 
to date. 

Estimated population 36,320. 

Organized with six district units. 

Has War Service Army. 

DEI'ARTMENT WORK 

Am,erica')iization — Through the efforts of the Americanization 
Committee, a Night School was opened in April, 1918. This School 
was supported by the Public School Funds until the close of the 
School, June 22nd. It ran for two months in the summer on funds 
contributed by citizens of two organizations, the Y. W. C. A. and 
the Italian Society "Circolo Colonali Italiano." Permission was 
obtained from the Y. W. C. A. Committee to turn in $75.00 of 
$100.00 allowed for the Italian Woman's Red Cross Auxiliary, as 
the Auxiliary did not need that money, and also asked the Amer- 
icanization Committee of the Community Council to request a do- 
nation from the Italian Society. The President of the Circolo and 
four other Italian citizens gave $25.00 and the Society $25.00 more. 
So the Italians themselves contributed nearly a third of the summer 
salaries of the night school. 

The School closed for a month in the summer, owing to the 
lack of funds. On the fourteenth of October it was opened again 

153 



under the Board of Education, with a Woman as Director who has 
had long experience in the work and is an authority on methods 
of handling such a school. She has as her assistant the Vice-Principal 
of the Intermediate School. The School had to be closed on the open- 
ing night because of the Epidemic of Spanish Influenza; it will re- 
open when the Public Schools do. We expect some very splendid re- 
sults from this Night School. 

One member of the Committee belongs to an old Italian family 
of Santa Barbara, and knows the Italian population of Santa Barbara 
very well, having a pleasant personal contact with them ; she has 
been able to be friendly with the many different factions. In May 
she brought twenty-five Italian women together, of different classes 
and ages, for Red Cross work. Many of these women belong to an 
Italian Red Cross Society of Los Angeles, but she induced them 
to work for the common cause and to take membership in the 
American Red Cross and so make themselves an Auxiliary of the 
same. The Y. W. C. A. gave for this Americanization work $100.00 — 
$25.00 of this money was used in rental of sewing machines, buying 
knitting needles, and such small supplies as the society needed. 
The Italian women sewed two afternoons each week from two to five 
and even six o'clock and turned out a tremendous amount of work 
all beautifully finished. Handkerchiefs, baby kits, petticoats, abdom- 
inal bandages and other useful articles. This was an excellent means 
of bringing the Italian women together and of overcoming some of 
their factional difficulties. 

Children's Year — The Children's Year has been given a great 
deal of attention. During the drive one thousand two hundred and 
four children were weighed and measured in the County of Santa 
Barbara. As follow-up work for the drive, we have established a 
liealth Center in Santa Barbara. There is a weekly conference, with 
weighing and measuring babies and children up to six years of age. 
We average fifteen babies and children a week. These are partly 
children who have not previously been measured and partly those 
who have. 

At the Public Library, a study-room has been given to the work 
of this Committee. There are pictures and posters on the walls 
and a table with literature of interest to mothers. It is open every 
day to visitors and Thursday afternoon from three to four there 
will be some one there to answer questions that mothers may ask. 
In addition to the literature that is furnished for distribution there 
will be books on Child Welfare. 

Education — Questionnaires received from our State Chairman 
of Education Avere given out to all the County teachers at the time 
of the County Teachers' Institute held in Santa Barbara the middle 
of April. A great many of these questionnaires have been filled out 
and returned and were tabulated here in the office of the Cityi 
Superintendent of Schools. The information thus gathered was of 
great value to the truant officer, or attendance officer and to those 
having to do wdth the welfare of the children. 

Food Adtministration — In co-operation with the Home Economics 
Chairman in Santa Barbara it was decided to have an office. In 

154 



making a search for an office gratis we found the basement of the 
old Presbyterian Church recently vacated. The owner gave us per- 
mission to use it indefinitely. On April 19th, 1918, we opened our 
doors. A few days later Mrs. Burdette herself came in and saw 
what we were trying to do and highly approved of it, suggesting 
its name — -''Food Bureau." All official bulletins, pamphlets, news- 
paper publicity, reference books, etc., are kept on file and all meant 
for distribution are given out. Demonstrations for the public on 
wheat substitutes, on eggs and milk and potatoes and on other food 
conservation subjects have been held. Demonstrations were given 
in Chinese, in Japanese and Italian and Spanish — the others in plain 
American. Our equipment for the most part has been loaned us, or 
given at cost. 

The work is thoroughly organized throughout the County, there 
being now sixteen County Chairmen, eight deputies for the Santa 
Barbara office, one assistant Director and the Woman Director, as 
the conservation force for Santa Barbara County. Regular office 
hours from ten to five o'clock every week-day are kept for the 
convenience of the public, both for the distribution of literature, 
answering questions, and the issuing of canning Sugar Permits. 
'J'his Chairman assisted in arrangements for Trefz Lecture under 
auspices of TI. S. Food Administration. Co-operated with all organ- 
izations and committees when needed; and assisted in organization 
of Woman's War Service Army for War Service Campaigns, which 
Army was ready for the delivery of Home Cards. 

Girls' War Service — Five members of the Girls' War Service 
Committee have assisted in organization and leadership of four Junior 
Red Cross Units during the year. Salary of one trained leader paid 
by the Chairman of this Department. 

Three Patriotic League groups organized; not doing special Red 
Cross work. One in Normal School, one of High School and Junior 
College, the other in the Intermediate School. These have raised 
$75.00 for Junior Red Cross supplies. Second group have assisted in 
club work in different parts of the city; made and presented a service 
flag containing one hundred and thirty-five stars to the high school; 
conducted debates on patriotic subjects (High School Debating So- 
ciety) ; gathered five sacks of moss for fracture pillows; assisted 
throughout week of Teachers' Institute in office work of State Con- 
ference of Social Agencies; raised $295.00 High School Y. W. C. A. 
Fund (from girls only) ; Santa Barbara Girls' School, $200.00; Nor- 
mal School, $795.00. Suggestions made for correlating efforts in cer- 
tain directions and for preserving a practical and useful reactional 
and War Work program during the coming months. Literature on 
special War Service Work for Girls in Rural Communities distributed ; 
also on the War Program of Y. W. C. A. Investigated possibilities 
of girls collecting castor beans growing wild. Authorities cannot pay 
for them; did not encourage undertaking. Appointed Chairman of 
Victory Girls for United War Work Campaign. Wherever possible 
impulse for continued effort (in earning and giving) will be en- 
couraged. 

155 



Horns Economics — Lectures were given before each of the various 
Parent Teachers' Organizations in the city; also lecture was given 
at a luncheon at the Santa Barbara Woman's Club; also before Los 
Angeles District Federation of Woman's Clubs recently held in 
Santa Barbara. 

Under the heading of ''Patriotic Kitchen" two articles on Food 
Conservation were published each week in the Santa Barbara Press 
from September to January. Each article was an appeal with 
instructions and recipes. 

Trips to various parts of the County were made to start work. 
Lectures and conferences were held. 

Letters and suggestions written to all Home Economics teachers 
in the County urging special conservation work. 

Bulletins and posters were sent out through the County by 
the County Assessor who volunteered to distribute the material. 

Early in the Fall grocers were urged and encouraged to sell the 
various kinds of M^heat substitutes. 

Each of the confectioners and ice cream dealers were interviewed 
in regard to the use of honey or a sugar substitute in candies and 
ice creams. 

Conducted a large Housekeepers' Class at Santa Barbara State 
Normal School. (Entirely Food Conservation.) 

All serving classes (18) demonstrations (28) and practice les- 
sons (18) were strictly conservation. Demonstrations open to the 
public. 

In co-operation with the Woman Food Director, a Food Bureau 
was established where the bulletins and material might be accessible 
for distribution and where demonstrations might be given. 

Gave several demonstrations on wheatless foods, potatoes, etc. 
Also arranged for others to be given to the Chinese, Japanese, 
Spanish, Italians, etc., with an interpreter for each that this need 
may be presented to every class and nationality. We desire 
especially to reach the cooks and servants who might not be reached 
otherwise. 

Health and Recreation — A free public bath house for the use of 
the girls and boys of the city is operated during the season by this 
department, with great success, as there is no other in the city. The 
Motor Corps Service was formed by this Chairman and has been 
doing double duty during the past month. At Recreation Center 
one of the finest buildings in the city. Girls' Gymnasium Classes 
have been formed, also classes in Dramatic Reading. Supervised 
Dancing each Saturday night has been one of the special amuse- 
ments and recreations of the young people. 

Attendance during Day for September and October. . . . 826 
Attendance during Night for September and October. . 522 

Masks made during October 24^00 

Pneumonia Jackets 46 

Five Boxes Irrigation Pads 768 

Wool given out in October 124 

Information and Library Service- — Posters and bulletins from the 
Food Administration, the Library War Service and the Third Liberty 

156 



Loan have been displayed in the Central Library and in the sixty-two 
Branch Libraries in the County, the folders and pamphlets in the 
interest of these great movements having been widely distributed. 

The result of ''Book Week" was the collection of 2500 care- 
fully selected volumes. The preparation of these books for circula- 
tion is being largely and well done as a war service by the Junior 
Red Cross of the Intermediate and High Schools of Santa Barbara. 

The signal opportunity to help came with the meeting of the 
State Conference of Social and War Relief Agencies, April 16-20, 
when the Library was used for section meetings and for the housing 
of exhibits. 

Among the exhibits, the Junior Red Cross of the County showed 
knitted articles and clothes for the Belgian refugees, effective in 
quantity and workmanship and the Santa Barbara State Normal 
School of Manual Arts and Home Economics made an exhibition of 
food and clothing conservation. "Save the Fats," "Save the 
Sugar," "Save the Wheat," "Save the Meat," "Save the Wool," 
Save the Cotton," were the legends over tables on which were ar- 
ranged the suggested substitutes. 

The Library has sent into all its school branches copies of 
Parmer and Huntington, "Food Problems," which are being used 
in public and private schools as a timely arithmetic. 

The meetings of the County Women's Committee are held regular- 
ly in the Library Audience Room. 

Liberty Loan — The work of the Woman's Liberty Loan Commit- 
tee in Santa Barbara County was organized in most of the smaller 
towns and districts with a local Chairman in each. The work con- 
sisted not only in the actual raising of the moneys, but in a certain 
amount of preliminary publicity work. Through the Woman's Com- 
mittee, a letter was sent to the wives of all the ranchers, in the 
farming district, and the women helped largely in making the plan 
of publicity through the public schools of the County a success. 

The campaign in S;iiita Bjnbara and immediate vicinity was 
carried on by teams, working in close connection with the men's 
committee and the men's teams. There were thirty teams in all, 
consisting of a captain and ten workers. Six of these teams were 
composed entirely of women, and there were women working on the 
teams in Carpinteria, Summerland, Montecito and Goleta. The drive 
was conducted by the card system, each worker being responsible for 
seeing twenty people. 

The campaign opened with a dinner for all the workers and 
reports were made at luncheons held daily. A friendly spirit of 
rivalry between teams spurred the workers on to their best efforts, 
and the drive ended Saturday noon, with Santa Barbara safely 
"over the top." 

Maintenance of Existing Social Agencies — Forty-seven question- 
naires received from Mrs. Bryant, the State Chairman of this depart- 
ment, were sent out to clubs and associations throughout th County. 
Twenty-eight replies have been received, twenty-three questionnaires 
having been filled out. Five organizations report no social service 
being done by them. Nineteen are to be heard from. These are mostly 

157 



churches whicli are probably doing no direct work which the ques- 
tionnaires would cover. 

The Chairman has inspected the County Hospital, Tuberculosis 
Cottages, the County Farm, the Jail and Detention Home. 

Piiblicity — A distribution of all the Publicity Propaganda re- 
ceived from headquarters has been given space in the two news- 
papers of the city . Both papers have been very courteous and oblig- 
ing in their stories to give the Women's Committee space. 

SPECIAL WORK 

The Special Work undertaken in this County has been the 
organization of the Woman's War Service Army. This Army has 
been created to supply the demand for trained workers, permanently 
organized and fully prepared to cover the city in one day if neces- 
sary, either by a house-to-house canvass, by telephone or some other 
method dependent upon the emergency. 

The colonel having been appointed by the Chairman auto- 
matically becomes a member of the Executive Board. The Army will 
serve only upon the order of the Executive Committee, when its 
assistance is requested in National Drives. 

The object of the Army is to eliminate waste of time and to 
conserve energy, also to divide the duties of a drive so that the in- 
dividual worker may have but few people to reach and small ter- 
ritory to cover. 

The Staff of the Army consists of Colonel, Lieutenant-Colonel, 
Adjutant, Majors and Majors at Large, Captains, Lieutenants, and 
Sergeants. 

The first M^ork of the War Service Army was to assist in the 
United War Fund Campaign, beginning November 11. The district 
and precinct plan was used for the placing of Honor subscription 
booths and a telephone was employed. 

The U. S. Student Nurse Reserve campaign resulted in seventeen 
applications filed at State Headquarters. 

SANTA CLARA— Mrs. S. W. Gilchrist, Chairman, June, 1917, to 
October, 1918; 

Mrs. J. P. Shambeau, Chairman, October, 1918, 
to date. 

Estimated population 120,000. 
Organized in thirteen district units. 
Has Women's War Service Army. 

DEPARTMENT WORK 

Americanization — Have conducted classes in sewing for the Red 
Cross among the Italians and for the Japanese and Chinese women. 
A class of twenty Chinese women as a unit of the Women's Army, 
does work under the leadership of an educated Chinese woman. A 
unit of the Army consisting of a number of Italian school girls work 
in the orchards and canneries daytimes, and do war work among their 
own people evenings. 

158 



f'liihircirs Year — Clinics Avere opened in hospitals with volunteer 
help of doctors, nurses and young women in each town and district. 
A County Nurse has been engaged as a result of the work of this 
Committee. 

Food Adtninistraiion — This Department has been carefully or- 
ganized with unit and district directors and twenty w^omen volunteers. 
The work has been thoroughly done as directed by headquarters, and 
the results have been gratifying. 

Information avd Library Service — The Chairman has reference 
liooks on timely topics to date to meet the call of the general public 
for these publications, and has distributed posters. 

Horns Economics — On the State Normal School Lawn a flock of 
turkeys was fed and sold in November for the War Fund. A novel 
feature introduced at this school was the drying of fruit and 
vegetables on the flat roofs of the buildings, to be sold for the benefit 
of the Serbians. The Chairman of this Department has had charge 
of canning fruit and making jelly and jam, also for the benefit of the 
Serbians. 

Liberty Loam — This Committee has been very active and it is due 
to their efforts that the Third Liberty Loan amounted to $155,000, 
while the second amounted to $100,000. 

Wome^i in Industry — All classes of women have joined the Land 
Army, students, teachers, working girls, Chinese girls from the mis- 
sion school, and all have supplied labor in fields and orchards. 

SPECIAL WORK 

Recruiting student nurses (40). Community Singing under 
trained leader and a group which gives entertainment at Camp Fre- 
mont every week. A Song Service is held every Sunday afternoon 
at the Y. W. C. A. Hostess House. Dances and clean entertainment 
given soldiers. A Day Nursery established for mothers doing war 
work. 

A fund being collected for the benefit of soldiers' families in 
need. 

A Speakers' Bureau established w^ith speakers to respond to 
every call on patriotic subjects. This Bureau to include a number of 
foreign speakers. 

War Service Army has done splendid and efficient service in all 
' ' War Drives ' ' and the results have been far-reaching. 

SANTA CRUZ— Mrs. J. G. Piretsky, Chairman, June, 1917, to Sep- 
tember, 1918 ; 
Mrs. H. M. Tenney, Chairman, October, 1918, to 
date. 
Estimated population 30,000. 
Organized with following departments: 

Food Administration — There are fifteen sub-Chairmen in Coun- 
ty. The Chairman arranged demonstrations throughout the County 
for the women demonstrators of the College of Agriculture of the 
University of California; talked at many club and school-teachers' 
meetings, and at the Farm Bureau centers throughout the County. 

159 



Especial attention was given the Portuguese people through a 
local Chairman who spoke their language. These people proved 
themselves loyal citizens by their hearty response. 

The Chairman co-operatod with the County Food Administrator 
in making a flour survey. 

A booth was maintained for three days at the Red Cross Circus, 
where demonstrations were given and mimeographed recipes fur- 
nished. 

The High School Home Economics teachers co-operated with 
canning and drying demonstrations in the schools. 

Sugar permits were issued by this Committee. 

The Chairman gave one hundred and twenty-one talks, to audi- 
ences varying from ten to nine hundred. The County has a record 
ot thirty-one per cent of domestic sugar. 

Red Cross — Production for two years, ending October 31st, 1918, 
108,844 garments and dressings. 

Christmas packages for soldiers, 508. 

Influenza masks, 3088. 

Six and one-half tons of clothing for Belgian Relief. 

Liberty Loav — The women's part in the Liberty Loan cam- 
paigns reached a climax, when, at the close of the Fourth Loan $212,- 
700 was subscribed by 1059 women in the Pajaro Valley District. 
This is well over one third of the total subscriptions made, and when 
it is considered that the total included subscriptions by banks and 
corporations, the women may well feel that they have fully answered 
the call of their countr3^ 

In the First Loan women subscribed for bonds but no special 
effort was made to work among them nor were women included in 
the general or soliciting committees. 

The Second Loan found the women with a Committee of their 
own. About twenty workers sold slightly in excess of $99,000 worth 
of bonds. The Third Loan found the same Committee with some 
additions, again in the field, and $113,000 worth of bonds were sold 
to women. 

The last loan called for a supreme effort. A thorough canvass 
had to be made and no one was to be overlooked. The Committee 
was enlarged to ninety-eight and these women, after being trained 
in salesmanship, called on every woman in the Valley. The result 
was more than gratifying and assured the success of the campaign. 

From the first the women have gone about this work in a business- 
like manner. Every woman who solicited was instructed in sales- 
manship and knew and understood the bonds. She was prepared to 
make a convincing talk and knew how to sell bonds in large de- 
nominations. While the Men's Committee was somewhat reluctant to 
turn over the best prospects to the women in the first campaign, there 
was no hesitancy in the last. 

In all three campaigns the women worked with untiring zeal. 
Discouragements never proved to be obstacles, and the greatest 
sacrifices were made by these patriotic women to do their full duty, 
coupled with the advance preparation and the intelligence with 
which they went to work made the campaigns a success. They have 

160 



won the confidence of the men as solicitors, they have demonstrated 
their ability to handle l)nsiness in a business-like manner, and they 
iiave won the everlasting thanks of the community for making over- 
subscriptions of the three loans possible. 

Children's Yfar — The Committee had made all preparations for 
the measuring and weighing of babies, when the epidemic of influenza 
caused it to be postponed. 

SPECIAL WORK 

The response of the women of Santa Cruz County to the calls 
of the Nation has at all times been spontaneous. Before our country 
entered the war, the cry of Belgium and Armenia was heard, and 
ready hearts and hands were busy preparing garments and collecting 
funds for those so cruelly bereft. 

The Saturday Afternoon Club of Santa Cruz and the Watson- 
ville Woman's Club have kept shoulders to the wheel and have 
backed up each organization as the call for patriotic service came. 

The Saturday Afternoon Cluh of Santa Cruz reports $350 sub- 
scription to Liberty Loan; an American flag presented to the city; 
play given for the benefit of the Red Cross from which $257.00 was 
netted; Belgian child adopted; Food Conservation Committee ap- 
pointed; magazines sent to soldiers each month; Red Cross Social 
given each month when all knitted or served for the Red Cross; 
gave demonstrations of the uses of barley products; Thrift Stamp 
Committee appointed and Community Sing given at High School ; 
sent jelly and jam to soldiers ; Society Circus given under the leader- 
ship of Civic Department, which netted nearly $3,000 for Red 
Cross. 

Watsonv'ille Woman's Club reports: Red Cross Committee ap- 
pointed for the purpose of co-operating with the officers of the 
Chapter in the town; during the Winter months the Club House was 
opened weekly for comnumity knitting. Hostesses in charge provided 
an instructress in knitting, also entertainment and tea for the workers. 
The attendance was most gratifying, ranging in number from seventy- 
five to one hundred and fift5^ During the last six months of the 
war the Club House was used for the Red Cross Auxiliaries and 
equipped with sewing machines for the making of hospital garments, 
etc. 

A Thrift Stamp campaign has been pushed by the Club, and 
meetings in the interest of "Thrift" opened to the public. 

Four days the Club has been opened to the public for demon- 
strations of fruit and vegetable canning and for the making of new 
war breads. This has been done under the auspices of the University 
of California. 

A Book Drive was instituted by the Club, which resulted in 
upwards of 2,000 books being collected and sent to the soldiers at 
(.-amp Fremont. 

At Christmas-time a pound box of candy was vsent to every Wat- 
sonville boy stationed in the camps on this Coast, to the number of 
one hundred and ten, 

161 



A War Victory Fund was raised among our women to help in the 
establishment of recreation homes for soldiers in France by the Club 
members of America. 

A Reading- Circle was formed for the purpose of considering some 
of the best books on the- War. 

A prominent feature of the year's work was the splendid Belgian 
iNIarket given under the auspices of the Club in December, which 
netted the sum of $2140.00 in one day. 

The smaller towns of Santa Cruz County have each done their 
part in the great service. As an example, Felton, which comprises 
not more than two hundred people, men, women and children, sends 
the following report: 

"The women began their contributions to the Red Cross Fund 
by giving teas and other afternoon affairs at which sums from nine 
dollars to twenty-five were taken in and donated — in all. probably 
.$200.00 was made in this way. 

"On the 25th of May, 1918, the ladies gave a Garden Fete and 
Evening Dance, the entertainment lasting in all twelve hours. From 
this event $1400.00 was collected and after paying all expenses gave 
the Santa Cruz County Red Cross $1250.00. 

"The women of this district also took in $8500.00 for the 
Fourth Liberty Loan in bond subscriptions." 

During the Influenza epidemic, Red Cross Hospitals were estab- 
lished in Watsonville and Santa Cruz. Here again the women dis- 
tinguished themselves by their wonderful devotion to the sick. School 
teachers deserve especial mention for their faithfulness and untiring 
zeal. 

SHASTA — Mrs. George Sechrist, Chairman. 

Estimated population 20,000. 

Organized in six district units. 

The work done in Shasta County by the Women's Committee 
of the Council of Defense has been done under great difficulties owing 
to size of County and inadequate means of reaching the remote 
parts. 

DEP.'mTMENT WORK 

The ChUclren's Year — This Conuuittee showed excellent progress, 
in fact far beyond expectation, there being nearly three hundred 
babies weighed and measures and a number of perfect babies regis- 
tered. 

Food Adniinistration — The Chairman of this Committee has 
been very active and has realized good results. She has twenty-eight 
sub-chairmen who receive from her bulletins twice weekly. She has 
been able to attend the Farm Bureau meeting in a number of dis- 
tricts and address them personally. In each case she found the 
people very eager to learn and do the things required by the Ad- 
ministration. Food bulletins have been placed in all public offices, 
and on bulletin boards. Addresses have been made before fraternal 
orders. 

162 



Girls' War Service and Home Economics — These two Committees 
have been handled somewhat together. With the help of the Farm 
Demonstrator, the girls have been organized in clubs all over the 
County. Canning and preservation of fruit, vegetables and berries 
have been successfully demonstrated. 

With the help of the Farm Demonstrator a free market has been 
established which has proven more than a success. 

The Library Service has also proven a success. 

The Liberty Loan Committee has worked with our Shasta County 
War Service Committee. The War Service Committee have had 
charge of all war drives and have never failed to raise the quota. 

The Bed Cross is well organized and has done a wonderful work 
in the County. 

SPECIAL WORK 

The Student Nurse Reserve was thoroughly organized but only 
received fifteen applicants. 

Speakers have been very hard to procure, their time being taken 
up nearer the large cities. We have had several speak in the interests 
of Food Conservation and Red Cross. 

The Community Singing has been overseen by our "Four-Minute 
Man," Oscar Geballe, also by the Farm Bureau Demonstrator. 

The Woman's Land Army received quite a few recruits who 
worked in the fruit sections of the County. 

The Influenza Epidemic has been looked after by the Red Cross. 
INIasks were furnished by them, and nurses procured when possible, 
several of our Committee volunteering to help out. 

SIERRA— Mrs. F. H. Turner, Chairman. 

Estimated population 4,098. 
Organized in twelve local units by towns. 

DEPARTMENT WORK 

Food Administration — The merchants and people have been kept 
informed as to requirements, and the restrictions, especially on sugar 
and flour, have been carefully observed. 

Liberty Loan — The County was third in the State in the pro- 
portion of its Liberty Bond subscriptions. It also made a fine record 
on War Savings Stamps with $3.91 per capita. 

Home Economics — The Committee distributed a large number 
of recipes, thus gratifying many housekeepers. 

Children's Year — A registration and testing drive was held, 
awakening much interest in "better babies." 

Other Departments were completely organized, but detailed re- 
ports have not been received. 

SPECIAL WORK 

Student Nurse Reserve — Six applicants were enrolled for train- 
ing as nurses. This is believed to be the largest per capita enroll- 
ment of any County in the State. 

1&3 



SISKIYOU— :\rrs. H. C. Patterson, Chairman. 

Estimated population 22,000. 

Organized in fourteen district units. 

The Women's Committee has no departmental organization but 
has co-operated with local organizations in patriotic activities with 
excellent results. 

In the matter of Food Conservation, the women worked to spread 
the gospel of less waste, in order that the problem of high cost of 
living for the less fortunate, might be solved. The newspapers of 
the County co-operated and rendered splendid assistance by printing 
war time recipes and substitutes. 

The Women's Committee arranged patriotic meetings and gave 
talks for all war drives. 

The County Library and its branches assisted by displaying 
poster, bulletins and literature relative to Government activities, and 
the Librarian gave out whatever pamphlets were sent her for this 
purpose. 

The Women's Committee went on record as endorsing the bill 
before the legislature providing for the Bureau of Child Hygiene. 

SOLANO— Mrs. F. A. Steiger, Chairman. 

Estimated population 37,500. 
Ten town units. 

DEPARTMENT VV^ORK 

Americanization — The Chairman of this Department has trans- 
lated Government literature relating to conservation, for the benefit 
of the foreigners, and has held meetings explaining the reasons for 
conservation and patriotic service to these people who are of her own 
nationality. 

Children's Year — The Chairman of this Department has organ- 
ized her Committee and established M^eighing and measuring centers 
and the work will continue. 

Home Economics— Through this Department, publicity is given 
conservation and the work is carried on through the co-operation of 
the schools. 

Liberty Loan — The Avotnen rendered splendid assistance in the 
house-to-house canvass and assisted in every other possible way. al- 
though they had no separate organization. 

Wowcw in IncJustry — Local Chairmen have been appointed in 
communities where women and girls are employed in large num- 
bers, especially in the agricultural centers where camps are being 
constructed to accommodate hundreds of women who work in orchard 
and field. These Chairmen will investigate and report on conditions 
in their locality, with a view to bettering conditions. 

Information and Library Service — The Chairman of this De- 
partment, the County Librarian, has aided by placing posters and 
literature at the disposal of the public, and in keeping on file all 
Government literature. 

164 



SPECIAL WORK 

Took up matters of interest locally, such as curfew, one-delivery, 
and the safeguarding of girls in the navy-yard cities. Did all the 
advertising and publicity work connected with the various "Drives," 
and actively assisted in every patriotic endeavor. Started a Student 
Nurses' Drive. 

Has organized a Woman's Land Ailmy for work in orchard and 
field. 

Conducted a superfluity shop for the benefit of the Red Cross. 

SONOMA — Mrs. James R. Edwards, Chairman, September, 1917, to 
January, 1918; 
^Irs. J. S. Sweet, Chairman, July, 1918. to date. 
Estim.ated population 48,394. 
Organized with eleven local units. 
Has a War Service Army. 

DEPARTMENT WORK 

Children's Year — The Chairman has seven local Chairmen. A 
successful campaign of weighing and measuring was carried on in 
June. All plans were made and Chairmen appointed for November 
Drive, which had to be abandoned on account of Influenza Epidemic. 

The Chairman has the services of sixteen physicians and two 
nurses a w^eek at the Headquarters Center in Santa Rosa. There are 
four rooms, a reception room, a weighing and measuring room and 
a dressing room. There are provided for the work with the children 
up to six years of age. Every Saturday morning from ten to twelve 
the clinic is open for all children. 

A Health Center has been established in Petaluma — with a free 
clinic. This will be open every Saturday with a woman doctor and 
attendant. 

Food Administration — The Chairman has twenty assistants in 
the County, have issued 2639 sugar permits and carried out directions 
of Food Administration. 

The Chairman distributed all copies of lectures and bulletins 
received by her. She sent out speakers to counteract influence of 
German peace note at time of Fourth Liberty Loan. Being a physician, 
she has given all her time and strength to influenza patients for the 
last three weeks. 

Information and Library Service — The Chairman has done 
splendid work in advertising and giving publicity in every way to 
all War and Welfare work. In addition to the artistic arrangement 
of posters all about the walls and the display of pamphlets on all 
wai" work, a special room has been set aside for displays for 
definite occasions. It is here that Child Welfare work is given 
much publicity. Too much cannot be said in praise of the enthusiastic 
service rendered by this Department Chairman. She has also listed 
thirty-eight women's organizations for County Chairmen. 

Liberty Loan — The Chairman, with her assistants, were appointed 
at the request of the State Chairman of Liberty Loan, by the men 

165 



in charge of the Liberty Loan in Sonoma County. In some parts of 
the County, women were not wanted to help until the last few days, 
consequently no true report of women's service can be given. One 
woman in a little town, appointed the last week of the drive, sold 
$9450 of a quota of $lil,000. Another woman, at the last moment, 
came to the rescue of the Men's Committee and with several assist- 
ants, sold $25,000. 

Maintenmice of Existing Social Agencies — The Chairman has 
visited various social service agencies in Sonoma County and had 
planned a social evening at the Home of the Feeble Minded at 
Eldridge, when she was taken ill with influenza. The death of a 
brother and continued illness has prevented further work for the 
present. 

Pnhlicity — The Publicity Chairman has distributed notices sent 
her and with the aid of the Department and Town Chairmen has 
endeavored to keep the Women's Committee work before the public. 

SPECIAL WORK 

Women's War Service Armies have been formed in five of our 
principal towns in the last six weeks; are now being used for United 
War Work Drive. 

The Women's Committee have distributed songs, literature, speak- 
ing points, and posters throughout the County for the United War 
Work Campaign. 

Have made list of the number of foreign families of County. 

Student Nurse Reserve — Six applicants were enrolled and ap- 
plications forwarded to Headquarters. 

STANISLAUS— Mrs. J. A. Hindman, Chairman, October, 1917, to 
January, 1918; 

Mrs. Mollie Bloom Flagg, Chairman, IMay. 1918, 
to date. 

Estimated population 45,000. 

Organized with twenty-two town units. 

Has Women's War Service Army. 

DEPARTMENT WORK 

Children's Year — Weighed and measured nearly eight hundred 
children. The whole County was organized for the fall drive which 
had to be abandoned on account of Influenza Epidemic. They are 
making complete birth registration in County. 

Education — Made a complete survey of schools of County, and 
are carrying out all instructions from State Chairman. 

Food Administration — There were active Chairmen in many 
villages and towns, who handled sugar permits and followed all 
directions from Food Administration. Were thoroughly organized 
to give out new home cards. 

Girls' War Service — This Committee worked in United War Work 
Campaign, co-operating with Victory Girls. Camp Fire Girls as- 

166 



sisted in Red Cross Canteen work, supplying sailors and soldiers with 
fruit as trains pass through County. 

Information and Library Service — Active in ditribution of liter- 
ature, food cards and information. Co-operated in United War 
Work Campaign. Now gathering biographies and statistics of boys 
in service. 

Liberty Loan — j\ien and women worked together. 

Ma'mtenunce of Existing Social Agencies — Plans made for survey 
of County institutions. 

FubUcity — Good publicity in all County papers. 

Women in Industry — Recruited women during summer season 
for all kinds of jobs. 

SPECIAL WORK 

student Nurse Reserve — Eleven applicants. 

Infiueyiza Epidemic — Co-operated with Red Cross in making a 
survey to obtain nurses. 

Assisted the Y. M. C. A. County Secretary in a survey of the 
boys of the County. 

SUTTER— Mrs. H. D. Moncur, Chairman. 

Estimated population 10,000. 

Organized in thirteen city units, six district units. 
Has War Service Army. 

DEPARTMENT WORK 

As the population is badly scattered, it has been difficult to 
organize into departments, but the women have as a whole, been 
very active in all lines of war work. 

Children's Year — A Health Center was established in eight 
towns of the Countj^ where children were weighed, measured and 
registered to the number of four hundred and twelve. 

Red. Cross — The Yuba City Work Room alone shipped seven 
hundred and fifty garments to the refugees, and the County more 
than fulfilled its quota of surgical dressings, hospital garments and 
the like. 

Information and TJbrary Service — The Chairman of this Depart- 
ment has been busily engaged in collecting books and magazines for 
the soldiers and has also distributed pamphlets, posters and various 
pieces of literature to the Branch County Libraries for display and 
information of the general public. 

Liberty Jjoan — The women had no separate Committee but work 
in conjunction with the Men's Committee and it was largely due to 
their efforts that the quota was oversubscribed by half, $472,500 
being the amount requested, and $629,100 being the amount ob- 
tained from the citizens of Sutter County. 

SPECIAL WORK 

Individual lunches furnished to the drafted boys numbering 100. 
Women's Land Army worked in the orchards and at the cutting 
sheds. 

167 



An Emergency Hospital established in the old High School 
Building during Influenza Epidemic, and the Women's Committee 
furnished food for the patients and nurses, and worked in the 
kitchen. 

The women assisted in every "Drive" in every way possible, 
making a house-to-house canvass and giving talks wherever possible. 

The "Victory Girls"' assisted in all drives, and in collecting 
magazines and lunches for the soldiers. 

TEHAMA— Mrs. L. L. McCoy, Chairman. 

Estimated population 16,232. 

Was not organized until recently. 

Organized with nine district units. The Chairman visited every 
part of the County to arouse interest. 

DEPARTMENT WORK 

Food Achninistration — An excellent Chairman has distributed 
literature and bidletins and food demonstrations have been given in 
every district; many addresses have been made. 

Children'fi Year — Has three units organized by school districts, 
the Chairman of one of the districts reported that nail tiles had 
been given each child, and that every child reported using a tooth 
brush at least once a day. Arrangements had been made for the 
weighing and measuring drive, but it was given up on account of 
tlie Influenza Epidemic. 

Liberty Loan — The Women's Committee were credited with tifty 
per cent of the amount secured in the Fourth Liberty Loan cam- 
paign. 

Piihlicity — Tlie newspapers have given much free space for all 
war activities. 

SPECIAL WORK 

Assistance has been given by the Women's Committee in all 
({overnment drives, and in the Influenza Epidemic. 

TRlNITi^— Miss Maude Schroeter, Chairman, June, 1937, to October, 
1918; 
Miss Alice Anderson, Chairman, November, 1918, to date. 

Estimated population 3,300. 

Twenty-seven district units. 

This is a rural country and the population is greatly scattered. 
There are no women's clubs nor women's organizations of any kind. 
The women, however, have responded to every appeal made upon 
them in war work, and have assisted in every "Drive." 

The Girls' War Service Chairman has made a survey of the 
County, and indexed every girl regardless of whether she belonged to 
any organization, with a view to organizing for war service. 

The Chairman of Home Economics has distributed pamphlets, 
and information regarding conservation, and has had a sewing class 

16S 



nondncted in school in which tlie girls are required to remodel their 
own dress^es with special emphasis on economy in cutting and in 
buying m.aterial. 

The Chairman of the Liberty Loan worked with the Men's Com- 
mittee and the women assisted in putting their County "Over the 
top,"' although they had no separate organization. 

The i'"'ood Administration Chairman distributed literature and 
recipes for substitutes and had a conservation cook book published 
For the County. 

TULARE— Mrs. George G. IIobl)S, Chairman. 

Estimated population 75,000. 
Organized with foiirteenn town units. 

DEPARTMENT WORK 

Amenconization — Americanization has been the one branch that 
all have been interested in, for there are many foreigners in Tulare 
('Ounty, and the importance of reaching them was evident to all. 

In Porterville the Italian miners were talked to by Mr. Belgrano 
of San Francisco, and as a result contributed splendidly to the 
support of the different war agencies. 

In Visaiia, Tulare and Lindsay, night schools were conducted, 
which will mean much in the future to those who attended. 

Some assistance was rendered to these people during draft 
registration by the Women's Committee, also much has been done 
tlirough community singing. 

Children's Year — It took quite a bit of educational work to in- 
terest the women in the Children's Year program, because it seemed 
such a very difficult i)rogram to carry out. 

Tulare County was not equipped with clinics and nurses, and 
it was a problem to know just how to go about the work. During 
September the Chairman and County Chairman visited all of the 
small places and explained the plans and appointed a Children's 
Year Committee in each place. The County Council of Defense joined 
the Women's Committee in using every effort to persuade the Super- 
visors to appoint two County Pul)lic Health Nurses to assist in carry- 
ing on this work. It was not until the first week in October that 
they finally decided to grant the request, and all plans were made 
a second time to carry on the work when the epidemic made it im- 
possible to continue. Everything is ready to again go to work next 
month. We now have everything ready and will start our nurses 
in the first of next month to do the work that should have been done 
long ago. 

Educational — The Chairman of the Educational Department sent 
out all of the literature sent her from the State, also sent out letters 
to teachers over the country to ascertain how many children were 
out of school that should be in attendance. 

Educational Propaganda — The most that was done by this Chair- 
man was the sending out of literature. Outlines for commencement 
programs were also placed in a few of the schools. 

169 ... 



Food Admimsiration — ^The Chairman not only worked among 
the women, but sent out to every school in the County a statement, 
asking the teachers to have the children copy it and take it home and 
read it to the family at the supper table and report next day on 
how many had heard it, thus getting her message into the homes 
of many foreign people who would not have gotten it any other way. 
Shortly after this her work was carried on through the Food Ad- 
ministration and she was appointed County Woman Food Adminis- 
trator. Demonstrations were conducted through schools and women's 
clubs. 

Girls' War Service — The Chairman of this Department reports 
three different groups of girls in the County, who have organized and 
are supporting one Belgian baby and two French orphans. Another 
group have taken a course in "Home Care of the Sick," and all have 
assisted in Red Cross work. 

Information and Library Service — The Chairman of this Depart- 
ment did splendid work. She reports that even though Tulare 
County fell a little short on funds, they were generous with books and 
magazines — 2693 volumes being sent in and such quantities of mag- 
azines that no record was kept of them. The Camp Kearny Librarian 
stated that the best collection of books from any one town had come 
from the little town of Strathmore in Tulare County. 

Liberty Loan — During the first Liberty Loan Drive, the women 
of Tulare County did splendid work. It was not possible to keep 
an accurate account of just what they did, but in figuring up the 
final outcome, the County Chairman of the Men's Committee cred- 
ited the women with selling bonds to the amount of about $125,000. 

The women stood ready to assist in every possible way during 
the next three drives, but they were only used in some parts of the 
County. 

Publicity — There has been good publicity. 

Women in liulustry — The Chairman of this Department reported 
that many women were working in the fruit as usual ; some few were 
doing cultivating on ranches, and a few others were working in hay 
fields. A sharp lookout was kept on canneries to see that they lived 
up to the rulings of the State Industrial Welfare Commission. Much 
information was collected and publislied regarding the Women's 
Land Army. 

spectaIj work 

Under this head, a report of the work of the two County nurses 
comes. They have 4,400 square miles of territory to cover and 4025 
children to examine. This was divided and one had 2100 square 
miles and the other 2300 to cover. 

They visited the schools from October 16th to November 2nd, 
giving lectures to pupils and teachers on symptoms and care in 
influenza and the necessity of isolation of infected persons. They 
went into the County Influenza Pavilion where one had charge and 
the other was night nurse. Since the epidemic they have gone back 
to the school work and some home work where there were suspected 
cases of influenza and gave advice in nursing care. 

170 



The points on which eacli child is examined are : Vision, hear- 
ing, teeth, throat, nose, glands, and general nutrition. She lectures 
to the mothers on one of the following subjects : The correctable de- 
fects of childhood, pre-natal care, infant welfare, child welfare and 
diet of children. Parents are then encouraged to ask questions and 
a general discussion follows. After securing names and addresses 
of expectant mothers in the district, the nurse returns home. 

Pre-natal literature and instructions are sent to the expectant 
mothers. A written notification is sent to the mothers of defective 
children, the nature of the defect being explained and advice given. 
A permanent physical record of each pupil examined is kept by the 
nurse. 

Student Nurse Reserve — About thirty applications were sent in 
of girls who enlisted in the nurse reserve. 

Influenza Epidemic — The County Chairman secured help for 
the Dinuba Hospital and placed several nurses in various homes, also 
secured two to go to Tulare. 

Community Singing — Community Singing was carried on very 
successfully in a number of towns. Dinuba did its Americanization 
work by particularly inviting the foreign element to attend the sing- 
ing, which was held for an hour every Sunday afternoon. They al- 
ways came and seemed to enjoy it. 

Day Nursery — A day nursery was conducted in Dinuba by the 
Women's Committee unit for several weeks. It did not prove as 
much of a success as had been hoped, because of lack of experience 
and funds. The women hope, however, to be able to do something 
in the future, 

TUOLUMNE— Mrs. 0. J. Mouron, Chairman. 

Estimated population 9,979. 
Organized into eleven city units. 
Has War Service Army. 

DEPARTMENT WORK 

Liberty Loan — Throughout the various campaigns, the Chairman 
and her workers have assisted in bringing this County over the top. 
The women have worked in conjunction with the men and have given 
assistance in the rallies held throughout the County. It is estimated 
that the amount of subscriptions secured by the Women's Committee 
is more than one-third of the entire amount subscribed. 

Child Welfare — The Chairman of this Department has been 
actively engaged in distributing literature and in explaining the 
"Children's Year Program" throughout the County with the result 
that this County went over the top not only in the number of children 
weighed and measured but in physical condition as well. 

Food Administration — In addition to patriotic meetings to arouse 
public enthusiasm, literature was distributed on the subject of ''Con- 
servation." Cook books were compiled with war recipes. The Chair- 
man reports splendid co-operation on the part of all in regard to 

171 



conservation, and a disposition to carry out the wishes of the CtOv- 
ernment in every particular. 

InformatAoii and Lihrarij Service — The County Library has as- 
sisted in all war w(n'k by keepins: bulletins, pamphlets and books bear- 
ing on each subject, on file in its numerous branches, together with 
posters prominently displayed. A special effort is made to supply 
information to communities far removed from centers of activity. 

Puhlicity — All of the County newspapers, six in number, co- 
operate with the Chairman of this Department and publish articles 
every week relating to Women's War Work. 

SPECIAL \VORK 

The Women's Committee has conducted the various "Drives," 
making a house-to-house canvass in each case. Have assisted in 
getting up patriotic programs. Plave compiled and published cook 
books in the interest of food conservation. 

VENTURA— Mrs. L. B. Hogue, Chairman, June 5, 1917, to November 
22, 1918; 

Mrs. Frank SifiPord. Chairman. November 22, 1918, 
to date. 

Estimated population 22,000. 

Organized witli twenty-one district units. 

Ninety-three Women's Organizations in the County co-operate 
with the Women's Committee. 

DEPARTMENT WORK 

(Children's Year — A child v»'elfare week Avas held in September 
when one hundred and fifty babies were measured. On account 
of an epidemic of whooping cough and measles further work had to 
be postponed. At the Ventura County Fair, October 2nd to 5th, 
one hundred and fifty children were examined and some were recom- 
mended for immediate clinical work. A Dietary Table was set up 
for demonstration and posters were displayed in which the mothers 
were much interested. 

Prior to April, 1917, the Public Health Chairman had conducted 
examinations for over eight hundred children. At this time they 
were given instructions in the proper care of the teeth; use of water, 
externally and internally; proper breathing exercises; and care of 
large cervical glands, which are very common in Ventura County. 

Food Administration — The facts of food conservation were 
brought home to the people of the County through the medium of: 

(1) Demonstration of war recipes. 

(2) Instruction on canning, drying and preserving in the pub- 

lic school. 

(3) Club and Parlor Meetings on Food Conservation. 

(4) Exhibits in public places. 

(5) Distribution of posters, recipes, and Government sugges- 

tions. 

172 



The above mentioned demonstrations were eight in number, viz: 
two in Fillmore, three in Santa Paula, two in Ventura, and one in 
Oxnard. 

The recipes include : War liread, meat substitutes, sugarless 
desserts, wheatless cakes, sugarless candies, and 3000 copies in Span- 
ish for distribution among the Mexicans of the County. 

The exhibits included posters made by the schools and those 
sent by the Food Administration, exhibits of animal fat substitutes 
and of the daily sugar ration. 

The County of Ventura is now completely organized along the 
lines of the precinct plan. In this County two hundred and forty- 
eight women, including the Librarians, Publicity Committee and the 
Head Chairman of each town were working on the food problem. 

Each Unit Chairman -was provided with copies of the Food 
Bulletin and other suggestions made by the Food Administrator. 

The Potato C^auipaign was carried out as planned hy the Gov- 
ernment. 

Library Service — The Library has distributed many kinds of 
recipes, both printed and multigraphed, and other conservation 
material in considerable quantities. The Official Food Bulletin was 
sent to most of the general branches and many extra copies were dis- 
tributed by the larger branches. 

The posters sent liy the Food Administration have been dis- 
tributed and displayed. 

The Library has purchased for circulation through the branches, 
books on wheatless and meatless cookery, use of corn products, can- 
ning and preserving. 

The Library had a booth at the County Fair, October 2nd to 
5th, 1918, and considerable food conservation literature was dis- 
tributed. The Santa Paula Library has planned five hundred scrap 
books, four hundred story books were made for the soldiers in hos- 
pitals at home and abroad. 

Social Agencies — All who have come asking for help from this 
agency have been placed according as their needs dictated, namely : 

1. Three destitute families were settled and provided with 
work. 

2. One family, having lost their trunks and boxes in crossing 
the Mexican border were completely clothed and fed. 

3. In another family medical aid was secured for the mother, 
a layette provided for the babj'', and work was procured for the 
father. 

Hundreds have been taken care of during the influenza epidemic. 

Americwnizaiion — The G^hairman of the "Women's Committee 
called a meeting of representatives of Native Daughters, D. A. R., 
W. C. T. U., Latin Union, County Superintendent of Schools, and 
Clubs of the Count}' to meet Mrs. Gibson, State Chairman of Amer- 
icanization, and plan work in the County. Twenty-six attended. At 
this meeting we had a map of the County showing where the for- 
eigners were located. An estimate was made of the number and 
nationality of all foreigners living in each locality. 

Santa Paula, Fillmore and Oxnard have reported Mexican 
Patriotic Meetings. 

173 



An effort is noAv being made to secure Home Teachers in the 
Citrus Packing Houses. 

Educational Propaganda — This Committee has helped establish 
Liberty Choruses and Community Singing, is keeping in touch with 
children who leave school before they are sixteen, hoping to have 
them return to school when practicable. 

Liberty Loan — The wom.en of this County subscribed for $425,475 
in bonds in the Fourth Liberty Loan. 

Home Econo-mics — We have had public demonstrations and 
worked out manj^ recipes along conservation lines. Worked on con- 
servation lines in sewing and textiles. Home Economics lessons were 
given in the High Schools and Grammar Grades. 

Publicity — Special publicity has been given to the conservation 
of clothing and household supplies. All material sent out by the 
Women's Committee has been published in the County papers and 
the credit given to the Women's Committee. 

Red Cross — Two tons of shells and pits were collected and sent 
on to make carbon for the gas masks. One ton of clothing in good 
repair was sent to the Belgian Relief Committee. All the allotments 
of Refugee garments have been completed and other towns have been 
assisted in finishing their allotments. 

Wo7)ien in Industry — The purpose and work of the Land Army 
has been explained and advertised throughout the County at all 
meetings of the Farm Bureau and in all public places. 

Special representatives were sent to speak at Somis, Saticoy and 
Ventura, urging co-operation between the farmer and workers in 
the Land Army. 

A Land Army office was open three days a week at the County 
Court House. Those who wished work done, especially in the beans, 
were urged to apply here so that units might be sent as quickly as 
they were needed. 

Units of the Land Army were placed as follows: 

1. In the upper Ojai to work in the apricots. 

2. Throughout the County during August to work in the fruit, 

3. Throughout tlie County during September to work in the 
l)eans. 

4. Systematic arrangement, through the Land Army Office is 
now being made to take care of the walnut crop. 

SPECIALi WORK 

Carried on the drive for the U. S. Student Nurses' Reserve 
and secured twenty-five nurses. 

An effort was made to secure a County Public Health Nurse. 

Assisted with patriotic meetings for Governor Stenhens and Dr. 
Ray Lyman Wilbur. 

The entire amount contributed by Ventura County to the War 
Library Fund was collected by the Women's Committee. 

Boys were recruited for the Boys' Working Reserve. 

The State School for Girls in Ventura has done fine work in 
food production and conservation and has had a remarkable exhibit 
of dried and canned fruits and vegetables. 

174 



YOLO— Mrs. Herbert C. Coil, Chairman. 

Estimated population 16,000. 

Eight district units. 

Has Liberty League consisting of over one thousand women, 
acting in same capacity as War Service Army. 

DEPAETMENT WORK 

The population of Yolo County is small and scattered. This 
being a rural community, the problems which confront the thickly 
populated sections do not exist. For this reason the work is con- 
fined to only a few of the regular departments. The women have 
responded to every call m.ade upon them in the war work, and have 
assisted wherever and whenever possible. 

Liberty Loan — The w^omen assisted in obtaining pledges for the 
loans, and later assisted in collecting same, closing the last drive 
Math $500,000 to their credit. 

Publicity — All newspapers in the County have rendered all 
possible assistance in placing items of interest before the public and 
have co-operated with the Women's Committee at all times. 

Red Cross — Has a large chapter and has fulfilled its quota in 
sewing, knitting, surgical dressings and the like. Also established 
an Emergency Hospital during the Influenza epidemic, and with 
the assistance of the Women's Committee, provided food, medicine 
and nurses for the sick. 

Children's Year — The Epidemic interfered with the work of 
weighing and measuring, but the Women's Committee is prepared 
to carry on the work as soon as expedient. 

Am.Gricanization — The Chairman of this Department opened a 
Night School for Japanese women which continued through the 
winter and was Avell attended. 

Food Administration — Talks and dem.onstrations given in a 
number of communities, and some very excellent demonstrations in 
drying vegetables given. Literature regarding conservation given 
out. 

Library and Information — Chairman of this Department ren- 
dered excellent service by displaying poster and literature, and in 
keeping on hand in the County Library, books relative to the several 
subjects suggested by Headquarters. 

SPECIAL WORK 

Relief in funds and clothing for the Belgians and French. 
An Emergency Hospital during Influenza Epidemic, and foocl and 
medicines supplied, and instructions in diet given. Christmas boxes 
prepared for the boys in France. Has organized a Woman's Land 
Army. 

175 



YT'BA — ]\Irs. E. B. Stanwood, Chairman, June, 1917. to October, 
1918; 

Mrs. L. R. Hurgert. ("hairnian, October, 1918, to date. 

Estimated population 13,500. 

Organized Avith four town units and thirtyfive school district 
units. 

Has a Women's War Service Army. 

DEPARTMENT WORK 

AmericamzafAoi — The nationalities represented in this County 
are Japanese, Chinese, Greeks, Mexicans and Hindus. A survey 
of their number and needs is being made. 

In the registration of women for War Service, nineteen women 
signed up to teach foreigners English. This teaching is now going on. 

Food Conservation — The Food Pledge Drive showed a very 
high percentage of signed pledge cards for the County. Food Con- 
servation talks were given at all the women's organizations; lectures 
and demonstrations on the use of wheat and meat substitutes: 
pamphlets on meat conservation were prepared by the Food Con- 
servation and Home P^iconomics Chairmen in co-operation, and these 
were distributed free throughout the County. All the work 
planned by the Food Administration was carried out throughout 
the County. 

Children's Year— The Committee did a fine piece of work in 
the weighing and measuring campaign ; has given much publicity 
to the question of pure milk: distributed Children's Year pamphlets 
and seals and posters. 

Liherty Loan — For the Fourth Lil^irty Loan, Yuba and Sutter 
Counties were consolidated. The Men's and Women's Committees 
were in close co-operation, joint committees being sent out together. 
By agreement, half of the amount subscribed in each County was 
credited to the Women's Committee. 

Registration— The registration of women for War Service was 
made throughout the County, using a card, prepared locally, marked 
''Service Pledge Card," on which there were eighteen different 
opportunities listed for war service . About ninety per cent of the 
women of the County registered for this service. This registration 
has been of great use in providing war workers to assist on different 
committees. 

SPECIAL WORK 

War Service Army — The Women's War Service Army has as- 
sisted in all drives; collected clothing for the Belgians: acted as 
ushers and money raisers at patriotic meetings and has been avail- 
able for every possible Avar ser\nce from stenographic work to singing 
patriotic songs. A valuable j)art of the War Service Army is the 
Patriotic Leagues of the High and Grammar Schools, which have 
assisted in all drives. Entertainment of the soldiers was part of 
this service, and the Army also bought 'a service flag for the 
County. 

176 



Coynmunihj Singing — This was begun by forming a Connnittee 
of representative citizens and announcing four weekly Comnumity 
Sings to learn patriotic songs. After these were learned, meetings 
were devoted to studying carols for the Community Christmas Tree 
celebration. This was held on Christmas Eve, the community singers 
afterwards going through the town singing carols and patriotic 
songs. 

A Director of Community Music has been appointed to ar- 
range for monthly concerts. This Director has also collected sheet 
music, musical instruments and phonographic records for use in 
the cantonments. 

Thrift Stamp Campaign — The Women's Committee wms asked 
by the Thrift Stamp Committee of Yuba County to make a house- 
to-house canvass, urging everyone to start a thrift card. Over five- 
sixth of the inhabitants now possess thrift cards. 

Y. W. C. A. Campaign — Was conducted by the Women's Com- 
mittee, \\ith the result that they collected twelve per cent over the 
quota. 

United War Drive — The Women's Committee worked with men 
and were assisted by the Women's Army and Girls' War Service 
League, and the result was very successful. 

Women's Land Army — Assisted in harvesting fruit and grains. 
Eighteen women have learned to drive tractors, and also a number 
of girls who drive trucks and do delivering. The Army also worked 
in picking and packing apples and plums, in canneries and in 
vineyards. In some parts of the County women assisted in hauling 
sacks of wheat and in haying. 

Committee on Correspondence — The Women's Committee gave 
five entertainments for soldiers on the eve of their leaving the 
County, and a Chairman of Correspondence was appointed, who 
gave hor name to the boys, and placed herself at their service while 
thev were awav. 



177 



REPORTS OF STATE ORGANIZATIONS 

COMPOSING THE CENTRAL 

COMMITTEE 



THE ALLIANCE OF UNITARIAN AND OTHER LIBERAL 
CHRISTIAN WOMEN 

Mrs. L. N. Wyckoff, President 

The Alliance of Unitarian Women in the State of California 
has identitied itself with all Red Cross activities, forming Auxiliaries, 
thus working independently in the making of surgical dressings, 
knitted hospital and refugee garments, etc. Thousands of these 
article have been furnished and turned in to the local Red Cross. 
Chapters in communities wherever our branches are located. Indi- 
vidual members have given their services for drives to raise funds, 
home service and nursing the sick. 

The work of Food Conservation has been aided by our en- 
deavors. Some of the larger branches report the purchasing of 
hundreds of dollars worth of Liberty Bonds and War Savings 
Stamps; the adoption and care of French Orphans; and the sending 
of members to join the nursing force in Prance. Through all the 
effort put forth during this time of stress, there has been a lovely 
spirit of service and self sacrifice shown by the women of the 
Alliance. 



ASSOCIATION OF COLLEGIATE ALUMNAE 
Mrs. F. C. Turner, President 

There are nine Branches of the Association of Collegiate 
Alumnae in the State of California, namely: 1 — The California 
Branch (San Francisco Bay region). 2 — ^The San Jose Branch. 
3 — The Fresno Branch. 4-— The Santa Barbara Branch. 5 — The 
Ventura Branch. 6 — The Women's University Club of Los Angeles. 
7 — The Southern California Branch (Riverside, Redlands, etc.). 
8 — The San Diego Branch. 9 — The Imperial Valley Branch. 

Since the United States first entered the Avar, some of the 
Branches have had War Service Committees, or have resolved them- 
selves into organizations for war work; and since the formation of 
the California Women's Coramitte, all the Branches have co-operated 
with the County or Unit Chairman of the Women's Committee or 
both. 

The first definite piece of war work by any of the California 
Branches was a conference planned for and arranged by the mem- 
bers of the California Branch at the I"'^niversity of California during 

178 



the Summer Session of 1917, when, for the first time, the problem 
of Boy and Women Labor in Food Production was discussed. 

The Branches have done much to provide speakers and workers 
in all of the war activities. Members of the California Branch 
urged that there should be classes in Food Production and Food 
Conservation, and helped to form them at the University of Califor- 
nia Summer School in 1917, and all the Branches have been active 
along these lines ever since, as they have been also along all other 
lines, Americanization, Girls' Work, Women in Industry, Educa- 
tion, Red Cross, Home and Foreign Eelief. Several Branches, as 
well as individual members, are helping to support French and 
Belgian orphans. 

A. C. A. members assisted materially in securing from all over 
California late college graduates to form a class in Training of 
Nurses at the University of California Summer School in 1918 and 
also worked hard in the campaign for nurses. 

They have been liberal subscribers to Liberty Bonds and all 
other funds; have sent many books, magazines and boxes to the 
soldiers and sailors; have aided the Stanford Unit, Y. M. C. A. and 
Y, W, C. A. workers, as well as those in the War Camp Community 
Service and Defenders' Clubs. The Women's University Club of 
Los Angeles has sent one of their own members, who was a skilled 
dietitian, to France under the Red Cross, raising all the necessary 
funds. 

They also have in their reading sections, endeavored to pro- 
mote an ''international-mindedness"— and are now busy, many of 
them, on reconstruction plans, helping in the rehabilitation of soldiers, 
in the Army and Navy Placement work, and in the large field of 
Americanization, and all other kinds of education. 



BELGIAN RELIEF 

Mrs. W1LI.0UHBY Rodman, President 

The Los Angeles Committee for Relief in Belgium and Northern 
France began work in October, 1914, by making collections for the 
California Relief Ship, and has continued its work ever since. 

The Committee, which is a branch of the C. R. B., has collected 
and sent over in food, clothing and money, $225,000. The money 
has been collected through entertainments, sales and solicitation of 
special gifts and pledges. The most fruitful source has been the 
lunch room called "Little Belgium," opened at 854 South Hill 
Street, Los Angeles, last May. The use of the building was given, 
the furnishings given or loaned, all the food donated, as well as 
the service, so that the entire proceeds are sent across with no de- 
ductions. The money paid there for three luncheons will supply 
the much-needed supplementary meal to some underfed Belgian child 
for a month. 

In appreciation of the work of the President, King Albert and 
the Belgian Government officially conferred upon Mrs. Rodman 
the title of "Friend of the Belgian People." 

179 



THE CALIFORNIA CIVIC LEAGUE 

San Francisco Center 
Kiss JMarton Delaney, President 

Food Conservation — In August, 1917, war rations charts were 
compiled. These were printed in the form of large charts and 
1 4,000 leaflets and " distributed in the schools of San Francisco and 
also sent to numerous other cities upon request. A "Cheat the 
Garbage Pail" exhibit was held at the Land Show. In December 
the Committee took part in the Food Pledge drive for the Center. 
Weekly meetings of the Food Conservation Conmiittee were held, 
which were addressed by food experts, to prepare the members for 
their educational campaign. Fourteen speakers were trained to 
give talks on food conservation in the public schools, mothers' clubs, 
etc. At the request of the Food Administration a set of four talks 
on food conservation was compiled for the schools of the State. In 
March, 1918. a demonstration of diets for children was arranged 
at the Baby Welfare Exhibit and demonstrators were supplied, 
A poster and menu contest was held at the local high schools. Under 
the auspices of the Center, the United States Bureau of Fisheries 
gave eighteen demonstrations which were attended by twenty-five 
hundred women. 

War Service — Under the War Service Committee, courses in 
First Aid and Dietetics M'ere organized which were attended by over 
eleven hundred women. Twenty-five members who had taken secre- 
tarial courses volunteered for clerical service in connection with 
the draft. Recreation for the soldiers was handled in conjunction 
with the San Francisco Recreation Committee and later the War 
Camp C^ommunity Service. 

A War Saving Society was f(n-med and Thrift Stamps have been 
on sale at every meeting. Tlie various Liberty Loan Campaigns 
have been aided. 

A Red Cross Auxiliary was formed which did splendid work. 
Over fifty thousand surgical dressings Avere turned out ; nearly seven 
thousand knitted garments and over three hundred hospital gar- 
ments. 

Girls' Advisory Council — In response to a demand for the pro- 
tection of young girls in war time, the Center, in November, 1917, 
initiated the Girls' Advisory Council. The city contributed the 
services of a field worker for six months and offices were opened. 
One of the first pieces of work was securing the installation' of a 
patrol by the commanding officer of the Presidio, for the protection 
of the soldiers and women. 

Soon after its inception the Council received official recognition 
from the National Committee on Women and Girls and from the 
Law Enforcement Committee of the Commission on Training Camj) 
Activities. The city police department has continued the entire time 
of a field worker for this special work. 

The Council early realized that one of the most important phases 
of pi-eventive work lay in making an improvement in the dance 

180 



halls. A survey of conditions was made by a special worker paid 
by the War Camp Communitj^ Service. As a result of this in- 
vestigation the Police Department ordered the dance hall pro- 
prietors to install supei'visors. The policy pursued is to keep tlie 
halls open if possible and to make the recreation as safe and as 
wholesome as possible. 

Lectures — During the period of the war ninety-two lectures on 
war topics were given by the Center. 



CALIFORNIA FEDERATION OF CATHOLIC ALUMNAE 

JMiss jNIary ]\I alloy, President 

Food Coiservation — Every month the Promotion Committee has 
met to receive instructions and literature for distribution among our 
members who have manifested an active interest, and desire to 
further the good work. 

Liberty Lomi — This organization worked for the drives where- 
ever and whenever possible, but owing to the fact that the mem- 
bers are nearly all business women it was necessary for them to 
purchase bonds through their places of employment, and no estimate 
of the amount can thus be given. One of our members, however, 
succeeded in selling $15,000 worth of bonds through her knowledge 
of the Slavonic language, and in like manner bonds were sold to 
Italians through our Committee. 

Aniericamzation — A canvass is being made for members who 
speak foreign languages, in order that assistance may be rendered 
in this work. 

Red Cross — Red Cross Centers have been established in our 
schools and these are doing good work. Kits and various articles 
have been sent to Camp Chaplains, as well as numerous scientific 
books. At the commencement of one college, a cafeteria luncheon 
was served on the grounds, the entire proceeds of which Avere de- 
voted to the Red Cross. In the recent drives the members of this 
organization were extremelj^ active, netting very considerable sums. 



CALIFORNIA CONGRESS OF MOTHERS AND PARENT- 
TEACHER ASSOCIATION 

Dr. Jessie A. Russetjj, President 

Tlie California Congress of Mothers and Parent-Teacher Associa- 
tion became a great power for War Service work during the period 
of this war. In addition to its own organization each association 
worked in harinony with its nearest public school enabling it to 
begin systematized and effective work without loss of time. 

Both by direct efforts and in co-operation with their schools and 
through their children most of the associations took active part 
in every drive directed by the Government. Particularly was this 
true regarding the Junior Red Cross, Thrift Stamps, Red Star, and 
Foreign Orphan Relief Drives. 

181 



Large number of Federations and Associations bought Liberty 
Bonds, particularly of the second, third and fourth issues, raising 
money for same by picture shows and other entertainments and 
liolding them for future philanthropic uses. This in addition to pur- 
chase by individual members or through their school children. 

Almost as a unit they worked for the Red Cross and formed 
large number of Auxiliaries. Nearly all Associations assisted in col- 
lecting books for the soldiers and sent Yule Tide Boxes. 

In rural places fruit and vegetables were preserved by the 
members and home gardens were maintained. In their regular 
meetings lessons and lectures were given in war cooking and food 
economy. 

The Executive Board issued pamphlets respecting the laws and 
etiquette relating to the flag and other patriotic subjects, war aims 
and accomplishments, community singing of patriotic songs, read- 
ings, etc. 

The patriotic tone of the State Convention in May and the 
nature of the reports turned in by the delegates showed a wealth 
of aims and accomplishments which could not possibly be put into 
figures, though the latter were large, one Federation alone reporting 
over six thousand dollars in cash in addition to garments, books, 
food, Yule Boxes, or work done through the schools and this was 
only a partial report. The above does not include what was done 
by separate but over lapping departments, such as Americanization, 
Scholarship, Educational and Home Relief. 



CALIFORNIA FEDERATION OF MUSIC CLUBS 
Mrs. Bessie BARTiiETT-FRANKEL, President 

A special committee was formed last April for the duration of 
the war, co-operating with the War Camp Community Service, in 
furnishing musical programs at the Cantonments, of the best artists 
available in California. In addition, the individual clubs and 
)inisicians gave their services for the (^amps. Red Cross and War 
Savings Drives. 

A Song Leader was furnished and Community Choruses were 
organized in various parts of the State. Neighborhood Sings were 
emphasized and a state-wide Week of Song was held — with a song 
leader in every theater. In localities where the influenza ban had 
been lifted a Four O'clock Thanksgiving Sing was held, complying 
with the National Day of Song. 

Records, instruments and sheet music for the soldiers and sailors 
were collected and all of the clubs responded in the special drive 
for records last month. 

A Genera] Chairman representing the Musicians assisted in 
Liberty Loan Drives. 

It is impossible to give any more detailed account of the War 
Work accomplished, but our Board of Directors "know that the 
Music Clubs and the Musicians of California responded generously 
and willingly to every call made upon them. 

182 



During: the coming months the efforts of the Federation will 
be along the lines of Americanization as there is nothing so far- 
reaching for Americanization as Music. 



CALIFORNIA FEDERATION OF WOMEN'S CLUB 
Mrs. H. a. Cable, President 

The President of the California Federation of Women's Clubs 
is also the Chairman of the Women's Committee of the State Council 
of Defense of California. 

The war work of the Federation, with its five hundred differ- 
ent Clubs throughout California, is difficult to chronicle. INIost of 
the Clubs have formed Red Cross Auxiliaries. This is especially 
true of those Clubs which own their own Club Houses. Regular 
meetings of these Auxiliaries have been held and thousands of 
surgical dressings, knitted articles, hospital garments and clothing 
for Foreign Relief, have been turned into the Red Cross Chap- 
ters all over the State. 

The Clubs have also, most of them, as units, canvassed in all 
the various War Drives. Between the Clubs in the large cities there 
has been a friendly rivalry as to which one should turn in the 
largest amount of Liberty Bonds, War Savings Certificates and 
Red Cross Memberships. 

Through the Emergency Service Committee the Clubs have 
been kept advised of the Bulletins from Washington, and the 
service asked by the National Government from the women. Every 
Club in the State of California has been circularized many times 
with this information. The Clubs have responded loyally and en- 
thusiastically. They have been especially effective in the educational 
propaganda, and have reached, through their membership, large num- 
bers of people with the messages, the facts and statistics which 
the Government wished emphasized to counteract the insidious Ger- 
man propaganda, which was so freely circulated at the beginning 
of the war. 

The Chairman of the Music Department of the Federation has 
been very active in gathering instruments, records and music for the 
camps and cantonments in California. Before the National "drive" 
for records was started she had already forwarded hundreds of them 
to the various camps. She acted as Chairman for the "drive" for 
records and gathered together the largest number of records of any 
unit. 

Many Clubs have hold regular weekly or monthly entertain- 
ments for the soldiers in their Clubhouses. These have mostly taken 
the form of dances; other entertainments, however, have been given, 
with programs and Community Singing. Many of the Clubs have 
furnished programs at the camps when requested to do so by the 
Young Men's Christian Association, or the War Camp Community 
Service. 

The Clubs h?.ve furnished leaders in every kind of War Work 
throughout the State. 

183 



]Many of the centers where children were weighed and measured 
have been in Women's Clubhouses and the women have assisted to 
make the "Children's Year Program" a success in the State. 

"Americanization" has recived interested attention from the 
Clubs and some of them are making it their principal work for the 
coming year. They are keeping in friendly touch with the foreign- 
speaking women in their localities, asking them to tea-parties and 
to other entertainments as a beginning of establishing the right kind 
of friendly relations. 

Many Clubhouses have been used as Community Centers, both 
for "Food Conservation" and in canning and preserving surplus 
fruits and vegetables, and also in the recent epidemic of influenza, 
their kitchens have been used for preparing food for the sick. 

"The Clubwoman," the official magazine of the California 
Federation of Women's Clubs, has given generous space each month 
for the duration of the war, to the publication of bulletins and news 
of the work of the Women's Committee of the Council of Defense, 
and has also given publicity to educational propaganda in the in- 
terests of winning the war. One entire number was devoted to the 
subject of "Americanization," different phases of the subject being 
presented. 

In addition to the large amounts subscribed to the various bond 
issues by individual clubs and club members, which it is impossible 
to tabulate, the State Executive Board purchased bonds to the amount 
of $2,^50.00. 

The War Victory Commission, which was organized by the 
General Federation of Women's Clubs, to build and equip Furlough 
Houses in the Leave Areas in France, received hearty and enthusiastic 
support from the Clubs of California, which have contributed 
$10,298.97 for this purpose. When the plan was changed from 
equipping houses to sending over women-workers, the California 
F'ederation was ready with two splendid candidates, Miss Helen 
Wisler of Los Angeles, and Miss Theresa Z. Cogswell of Pomona, 
who are now on their way to France. 

A complete survey of the War Work of the California Fed- 
eration of Women's Clubs is now being made by the Emergency 
Service Chairman. 



CALIFORNIA STATE FEDERATION OF COLORED WOMEN'S 

CLUBS 

Mrs. Hattte B. Tilghman, President 

"Duty and Service" is the slogan of the women of our State 
Federation and a ready and willing response to all appeals is at 
all times manifest. The National Red Cross through its many Chap- 
ters in California touched and filled the hearts of the patriotic and 
tried ones and with an overflowing of love for the soldiers in camp, 
in trenches and in hospitals, our women manipulated the needle 
constantly, thereby furnishing thousands of surgical dressings, 
articles of clothing, etc., for the comfort of the fighting forces of 

184 



the Allied Nations. A deep interst in the various Red Cross Drives 
has l)een manifested by our club women and in the drive durinp; 
the early part of the summer each of the twelve auxiliary or units 
vi(M] witli tlie other in raising money for the Red Cross treasury. 
Oakland led in the raee when Ada Young raised twelve hundred 
and fifty dollars, with Florence Nightingale following. The un- 
selfish and patriotic spirit was displayed when the call in the form 
of an appeal was sent forth by the Government for increased mem- 
bership by placing upon the roll of the American Red Cross the 
names of those who have pity on suffering wherever found and with 
a willingness to relieve misfortune whenever needed. Earnest and 
sincere in their duties and obligations, our club women's endeavors 
added more than two thousand naiiies to the American Red Cross 
membership roll. 

"Conserve and Preserve" is our motto in food conservation, 
and when the women of the United States were appealed to by Mr. 
Hoover to help win the war in their homes through the proper 
use of food and a less wasteful habit, economy and thrift became 
an every day study and every club woman's household accepted the 
pleasure of sharing with our fighting forces of strong bone and sinew 
the very best and nu)st substantial food to be had. "Win the war 
at this table" has been heed'nl with reverence in tlie homes of our 
club women and mothers. 

The purchase of Liberty Bomls has not been unheeded, for dui"- 
ing the second and third Liberty Bond Drives the members of the 
Federation in different cities canvassed from day to day the many 
homes, and re}>orted, approximately, pledges amounting to the sum 
of thirty-five thousand dollars. War Savings Stamps and Thrift 
Stamps have interested the children above our expectations and 
many hundreds of dollars collected can be credited to the coming 
men and women of tomorrow. 

The pleasant opportunity to study the programs of tlie Na- 
lional and State Council of Defense with their many interesting 
.subjects outlined, has proven a wonderful education, and though 
the war with all its horrors has been most appalling, yet the women 
of the world have been afforded a remarkable opportunity to assume 
their rightful places where they are standing steadfast and im- 
movable waiting to take up the task of reconstruction in this world 
of human affairs. 



CALIFORNIA STATE NURSES' ASSOCIATION 

Louise Groth, R. N., President 

The California State Nurses' Association consisting of fourteen 
County Associations and two thousand members, has given most at- 
tention to the enrollment of nurses in the Red Cross Nursing Service 
for "Overseas" and Cantonment work. 
We have recruited from our members : 

Navy Base Hospitals, Numbers 2 and 3. 
Army Base Hospitals, Numbers 30, 35 and 47. 
In all nine hundred nurses have been assigned to duty. 

185 



The various County Associations, composing the State Associa- 
tion, have purchased some $2,000 worth of Liberty Bonds, $250.00 
worth of War Savings Stamps, have assisted in Red Cross Drives for 
funds, and Liberty Loan Drives. 

Knitting Auxiliaries have been formed and many sweaters, socks 
and helmets made for the use of the army and navy. 



CAMP FIRE GIRLS 
Miss Esther Schneider, President 

The girls have continued this year with their patriotic activities 
as usual — earning honors in their patriotic work, food conservation, 
relief work, saving of money and materials. 

They have adopted babies, clothing them and providing board- 
ing homes. They have participated in patriotic rallies and parades, 
acting as ushers, and presenting pretty floats in parades. The girls 
presented a drill in the Crreek Theater at Berkeley. Numbers of 
sweaters, nnifflers and socks have been knitted. 



CATHOLIC LADIES' AID SOCIETY 

Mrs. Joseph Gabriel Kearney, President 

When the United States entered the war the whole strength of 
this organization was used for the purpose of assisting in carrying 
out every phase of the War Work launched by the Government. 

The State Grand President financed Auxiliaries to the Red 
Cross in many cities of the State. Where it was not practical to 
form Auxiliaries the members of the Society co-operated and worked 
with Local Chapters. 

A Committee was appointed by every Branch to participate in 
every war drive, viz : 

Liberty Loan Drives — 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th. 

War Savings Stamps. 

Y. M. C. A. 

Knights of Columbus. 

United War Work. 

The ten Branches in San Francisco took charge of a War 
Savings Stamp booth and sold $30,000 worth of stamps. 

Every Branch assisted and contributed to the entertainment of 
the men in service. 

St. Margarets, a club for young ladies, conducted by this So- 
ciety, gave a dance once a month for the men in uniform. 



DAUGHTERS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION 

Mrs. Cassius C. Cottle, State Regent 

This report is the recorded War Relief Work of the forty-five 
Chapters, comprising a membership of 1960 members. 

Names of Camps Benefited in the Report — Camps Fremont, 
Kearney and Lewis; Naval Base San Pedro, Marsh Field Aviation 
Camp and Arcadia Balloon School and Fort McArthur. 

186 



Amount of money contributed to the Army, Navy, Aviation 

and Overseas Forces $ 2,781 .00 

Y. W. C. A., Y. M. C. A., Red Cross, Salvation Army and 

other War Relief Organizations 25,535.15 

For Our Allies anywhere 5,165.00 

War Savings Stamps 33,765.00 

For Home Relief 2,311.00 

Liberty Bonds Purchased by Chapters 2,060.00 

Liberty Bonds Purchased by Individuals 476.000.00 

Contributed to the N. S. D. A. R. $100.00 Bond 1,424.00 

Contributed to the Tillaloy Fund 300.00 

Number of Knitted Garments 10,361 

'' " Hospital Garments 10,384 

" Comfort Kits 2,346 

" " Surgical Dressings 10,249 

" Books 940 

" Boxes of Children's Clothes 57 

" Boxes Milk 4 

" " Boxes Lemons 10 

" Victrolas 2 

" Glasses of Jelly 845 

Kid Gloves 1 barrel 

French and Belgian Orphans adopted 71 

Number of Men Entertained 12,537 

" Soldiers Adopted 75 

" " Ambulances 1 

Seven Daughters in Overseas Service. 
Four hundred and seven stars in the Service Flag. 
Daughters serving in various capacities in War Work, such as: 
Chairman Red Cross Chapters and Auxiliary. 
" Council of Defense. 
" Liberty Loan. 
'' War Savings Stamps. 
'' Food Administration. 
Precincts. 
Four-Minute Speakers, Entertainers for Camps, Squadron 
Mothers, Canteen and Motor Service and Surgical Dressing In- 
structors. 



LADIES OF THE MACCABEES 
Mtss Alice M. Church, President 

Fifteen letters each incorporating suggestions made in bulletins 
issued by the Women's Committee, or at their meetings, have been 
read in Hives throughout the State. 

Four hundred and one pieces of literature touching on Food 
Conservation, Americanization, War Risk' Insurance, Thrift and 
War Savings Stamps, Child Welfare, recipes, etc., were distributed 
and discussed in Hive meetings. 

187 



Twenty-one copies of "Sir. Hoover's message for World Relief 
Week were mailed lo the Hives with a request that it be read at 
the first meeting in December. 

Ninety letters pertaining to the United War Work Campaign 
were mailed to Hive members. 

One hundred and seventy-six dollars cash donated by the local 
organizations to the Red Cross. 

Two hundred dollars in bonds bought by the Hives, and the 
amount disclosed as subscribed individually $6,900. 

Two hundred and seventy-five dollars worth of Thrift Stamps 
purchased by the Hives. 

The Order at large purchased from funds in the Sur]ilus Fund 
•f 100,000 wortli of bonds and $1000 worth of War Savings Stamps. 

Two large boxes of clothing donated to the Belgian Relief from 
San Francisco Hives. 

One hundred and fourteen pair wool socks. 

Seventy pairs bandage socks. 

Seventy-four pairs bed socks. 

Twelve pair socks repaired. 

Fifty operating caps. 

Twenty hospital jackets. 

One hundred and fifty shirts. 

Three sweaters. 

One pair wristlets. 

One helmet. 

Six pneumonia jackets. 

One hundred handkercliiefs. 

Fifteen tray cloths. 

Sixty-five wash cloths. 

One hundred and forty-six towels. 

Twelve suits underwear. 

One hundred and twenty-one abdominal bandages. 

Twenty-four T. bandages. 

One hundred and twenty-three slings. 

Fourteen suits pajamas. 

Fifty pillow slips. 

Five baby quilts. 

Ten blue serge dresses. Belgian children. 

Five capes, Belgian children. 

Fifty refugee kimonas. 



NATIONAL LEAOTTE FOR WOMAN'S SEEYTCE 
Mrs. Duncan McDupfie, President 

The slogan of the League in California has come to be the En- 
rdlment, the Training, the Service of Women. This report is there- 
fore divided into these three sections: 

First, Enrollment — The enrolhnent for the State is approximate- 
ly 5500, nine Counties being organized. Up to this time prac- 
tically all enrollments have been for volunteer work. Last month. 

1S8 



however, a Department of Industry in San Francisco was opened 
and applicants for paid service are now pouring in. A paid secre- 
tary has been put in charge of this branch of the League's work 
and is developing the placement and follow-up departments of this 
branch as well as the enrollment. The Findex System of filing is 
used; enrollments are taken carefully, the amateur force taking 
them goes through a regular course of training, so that no qualifica- 
tions of the applicant are overlooked. This has been largely in- 
strumental in making it possible for us to answer definite calls for 
highly trained and highly specialized service. 

Second, Training — National Defenders Clubs were started, first 
to answer the call of the War Camp Community Service which had 
no other organization to which it could turn for the service to 
operate its first Club for enlisted men in California, second, to put 
into service Avomen who had enrolled for canteen work, and whose 
chances for Overseas service were very slight. On September 22nd, 
1917, two weeks after the League had been asked to e(|uip and man- 
age a club, the National Defenders Club of the Monadnock Building 
was officially opened, with a staff of three hundred and fifty League 
members. This Club is open from 8 a. m. to 11 :30 p. m. each day 
and has steadily grown in popularity until a year after its opening 
the monthly attendance is 65,000. The War Camp Community Service 
pays rent, water, heat and light, the National League all other ex- 
penses, including up-keep and improvements. A large kitchen has 
just been added and an improved tobacco counter and check de- 
partment provided, alterations costing in the neighborhood of $3,000, 
and the equipment of the room is roughtly estimated at $15,000, all 
of which has been obtained by voluntary subscriptions secured by 
the League membership. Later, a chain of National Defenders' 
Clubs was in operation, with the same arrangements between the 
War Camp Community Service and the League reserving to itself 
the entire internal operation of the Clubs. The League, assisted 
by Mr. Allan Poilok. head of the Commissary Department of the 
Southern Pacific, had installt d a detailed system of records for 
the canteen department of the first National Defenders Club and 
a State Standarcli^^ation Committee of five had been appointed by 
the State Board to standardize all clubs which were operated by 
the League. This Committee drew up nine general rules and a set 
of recommendations, elastic enough to allow for the adaptal)ility 
of each club to the local needs and yet firm enough to preserve 
the type of club, exemplified in the Monadnock Building. As the 
camps demobilize, some of these clubs will no longer be necessary, 
but National Defenders Club No. 1 will always live while men in 
uniform visit San Francisco. The National Defenders Club of the 
Presidio has dancing each evening and has satisfied a real need in 
that community. 

Training detachments in specified subjects start at regular inter- 
vals and include the following: Stenography, Typing, Clerical Work, 
Office IManagement, Business English, Public Speaking, Banking and 
Finance, Motor Mechanics, Military Drill, Marketing. Braille, Oc- 
cupational Theraphy (including Color Design. Toy Making. Bas- 

189 



ketry and Weaving). As fast as the need for training along any par- 
ticular line presents itself, a survey of existing facilities is made, 
and if the field is not covered, the Education Department organizes 
the detachment. More and more are we being asked by other organ- 
izations to arrange for this class or that — a fact that proves the 
public is learning to think of the League as an organization pro- 
moting the training of women for higher service. Classes range 
from five to twenty-five pupils and cover a period of two weeks to 
four months, according to the subject taught. The Occupational 
Theraphy course will continue for four months. 

Third Service— Clerical Help — This has been given all Govern- 
ment organizations, Liberty Loan Committees, Council of Defense, 
Pood Administration, Children's; Year, War Savings Committee, 
United War Work Campaign, Draft Boards, Woman's Land Army, 
Red Cross, Allied War Exposition, War Camp Community Service 
and all foreign reliefs. 

Day Help — Untrained help to meet an emergency has been given 
the same organizations, and the Y. M. C. A., Y. W. C. A., Chamber 
of Commerce, Commission on Training Camp Activities and the 
William Sandos Mission. 

Public Speakers have been furnished the Children's Year Com- 
mittee, the Drive for Nurses in the High Schools, the Food Ad- 
ministration, two members of our Board are "Four-Minute Men," 
Spanish and Italian interpreters have been furnished the Y. W. C. A., 
and assistance has many times been given the Secret Service work 
of the Intelligence Department of the United States Government. 
Sugar inspectors have been sent to the Food Administration. 

Canteens and Canning Centers — An Industrial Canteen has been 
opened by the League at the Bethlehem Ship Yard in Oakland and 
this service is two-fold, service to the men,v who get wholesome 
food at nominal prices, and service to the California Committee for 
Relief in Belgium and Northern France, to whom the proceeds of 
the sale of food goes. A canning kitchen was maintained during 
the summer in San Mateo, where fruit was preserved for use at 
the Base Hospital at Camp Fremont, National Defenders Clubs at 
Palo Alto and Menlo, and the Y. W. C. A. Hostess House at Camp 
Fremont. The Food Administrator granted special permits for the 
necessary sugar. Canning centers were also instituted by the 
League in Santa Clara County and the fruit brought to the National 
Defenders Clubs. 

Motor Service — The Motor Service has been well tested. Soon 
after the Corps of fifteen was initiated, the Spantsh Influenza Epi- 
demic gripped San Francisco and the members of the National 
League Motor Corps took over the entire service of the Associated 
Charities. This meant driving night and day, and not once during 
the three weeks was a call left unanswered — some days as many as 
nineteen cars were requisitioned, which was a real record for a 
new corps. Dr. Crockett of the National Y. W. C. A. urged that 
a Unit from our Motor Corps be sent Overseas under the direction 
of the Y. M. C. A. This unit is now in New York en route to 
France. The Motor Service for the year includes Service to the 

190 



W. C. C. S., the Red Cross, the Associated Charities, the Council of 
Defense, the Woman's Land Army, California Committee for Relief 
in Belgium and France, the City of San Francisco, twenty-five 
motors for the transportation of the Belgians who were en route 
from Vladivostok to France, the Food Administration and the War 
Savings Stamp Committee. As recognition of the work of the Active 
Motor Corps at the time of the epidemic, money for a Ford truck 
was donated by some twenty-five members, and this truck has since 
rendered daily service. At the time of the Spanish Influenza Pjpi- 
demic which swept our State in November each one of the Na- 
tional Defenders Club arose to the occasion in the following manner, 
in their various localities: 

The Club in the basement of the Monadnock Building at the 
request of the Board of Health and the War Department continued 
as a clubroom, the masked women standing by their posts. 

Palo Alto Club became the headquarters for the Red Cross 
Civilian Relief. 

The Presidio Club of San Francisco became a Relief Center 
for one of the districts of the city and made a survey of the dis- 
trict, and reached every case of illness, besides providing one hundred 
and fifty invalid baskets daily for cases. 

Berkeley became a convalescent club for the Aviation Service 
men at the University of California and during the entire siege 
sixty men were by special permit of the military authorities allowed 
the use of the room. Cots were provided and meals served, and as 
fast as men were allow^ed to return to their posts, other con- 
valescents took their places at the National Defenders Club. 

It is impossible to enumerate the entire service of our mem- 
bership for no perfect record can be kept. Forty-five thousand hours 
of service was one month's record in San Francisco, but even this 
was underestimated. In California we have awarded two thousand 
five hundred League pins for service, forty-eight hours being the 
minimum service allowed for the wearing of a pin. This, however, 
does not enable us to guage accurately the service rendered for 
the award of pins has in every instance been an incentive for further 
service. 

The growth of the League has been steady and conservative, the 
State Headquarters now occupies twelve rooms in the Flood Build- 
ing, San Francisco, maintained by a volunteer force. Here classes 
are conducted and department heads hold their offices. The peace 
program outlined by the National will be instituted and carried" for- 
ward without any break in the service. 



CALIFORNIA CHAPTER OF THE N. S. DAUGHTERS OF 
FOUNDERS AND PATRIOTS OF AMERICA 

Mrs. William Henry Irvine, Pr-esident 

The Chapter, in California, was organized October 6th, 1916. 
There is but one Chapter in a State. The National officers are in 
Washington, D. C, where the General Court meets each year in 

May. 

191 



When organizing, each Chapter pledges itself in case of war 
to assist the National Society in supplying a field hospital. The sum 
of $1200 has been sent to an American hospital at Neuilly, Paris, 
by the National Society. One hundred dollars of this amount was 
given by the California Chapter. 

All of the members have i)urchased Liberty Bonds of all issues 
to date. They have given to the Red Cross, Y." 11. C. A. and Y. W. 
C. A. drives. All are doing Red Cross work. A great many articles 
have been knitted and donated to the Red Cross besides giving to and 
sewing for the Belgians and Serbians. 

The Service Flag contains two red triangles and forty stars. 

Food Conservation requests have been observed as well as the 
purchasing of War Savings Stamps. 

The Chapter has co-operated with the Women's Committee at 
all times and responded to many requests. 



NATIONAL SOCIETY UNITED STATES DAUGHTERS OF 1812 

Mrs. R. (t. Rhodes, President 

The United Daughters of 1812 did their war work with the Ebell 
and the Friday i\lorning Clubs, D. A. R. and the Women's Committee 
of the Council of Defense. The Society bought three Liberty Bonds. 
A number of Daughters M^ere precinct Chairmen and did all that 
they were asked to do. 



NATIVE DAUGHTERS OF THE GOLDEN WEST 

Mrs. a. L. Mosher, Gravel President 

Each Subordinate Parlor has appointed a Committee to worlc in 
conjunction with the other women's organizations and clubs in its 
locality. Said Committee to report to the Grand Parlor Commfttee 
in time for its report to the Grand Parlor. 

The Sub-Committees everywhere located in the State, have been 
active in all Liberty Loan, War Savings Stamp, and Red Cross 
Drives, and in raising funds for the suffering Armenians. 

During the first epidemic of the Spanish Influenza the Com- 
mittees worked in conjunction with the Red Cross in securing nurses 
for private homes, nursing in Emergency Hospitals, sewing and 
cooking, and in doing everything possible to relieve the suffering 
souls, afflicted with the dreaded epidemic. Their good work will 
be repeated during the present epidemic of Influenza. 

The Committees are at the present time very active in behalf 
of the Canteen Work in connection with the return of the demobil- 
ized soldiers, working in conjunction with Civic Committees. 



192 



LOS ANGELES BRANCH OF THE NEEDLEWORK GUILD OF 

AMERICA 

Mrs. E. Boyle Workman, President 

Garments distributed from April 19, 1917, to January 1, 1919. 



Sewing 
Dept. 

American Red Cross 15,805 

Belgian Relief 1,842 

British Ambulance 4,013 

Enlisted Men's Club 

Exemption Board No. 10 

French Red Cross 553 

Individuals (Mailed Direct) 62 

Italian Red Cross 3,521 

Navy Auxiliary — American Red 

Cross 

Navy League 

Red Cross (Camp Kearney) 1,030 

Serbian Relief 684 

Waldensian Society 772 

Surgical Dressing Department ... 52 



Knitting Surgical 



Dept. 


Dept. 


Total. 


578 


360 


16,743 
1,842 




115 


4,128 


90 




90 


171 




171 
553 


1,194 


1 


1,257 


271 


109 


3,901 


752 




752 


226 




226 

1,030 

684 

772 

52 



28,334 3,282 



585 



Garments on Hand 1/1/19 



32,201 
, 2,730 



Total Garments 34,931 

Surgical Dressings delivered to American Red Cross October 

1, 1917, to December 1, 1918 38,267 

Total Garments and Surgical Dressings 73,198 

NOTE — Sewing Department consists of Hospital Garments, 
Civilian Garments, Aviators' Jackets, Comfort Kits, etc. 

FINANCIAL STATEMENT OF W^AR RELIEF DEPARTMENT 

Receipts — 

Sacrifice Fund $12,616.64 

Surgical Dressing Department 725.30 

Wool 1,545.94 

Rebate on Wool 124.12 

Melting Pot Fund 283.50 

Foreign Civilian Relief 57.00 

Flower Fete 10,106.88 

Fete Donations 413.75 

Interest 90.72 

Miscellaneous 296,68 



Total Receipts 



$26,260.53 



193 



Dish ursem ents — 

Materials and Garments $14,216.18 

Surgical Dressing Department 1,155.04 

Wool 2,006.29 

Cutting and Packing 266.14 

Telephone ^ 112.07 

Office Supplies, Printing and Postage. . . 194.92 

Italian Civilian Relief 35.00 

Serbian Civilian Relief 22.00 

State Women's War Fund 20.00 

Refund 75.25 

Insurance 5.70 

Flower Fete Expenses 370.65 

Miscellaneous and Liberty Bonds 3,056.18 

Total Disbursements $21,535.42 



Balance on Hand, January 1, 1919.. $ 4,725.11 

The amount of money on hand has been voted by the Emergency 

Board to carry on Civilian Relief Work through the foreign Needle 

Work Guild Branches and Affiliated Organizations in the Allied 

Avar-devastated countries. 



PACIFIC CONFERENCE OF HOME ECONOMICS 
Miss Gertrude D. Graham, President 

The Pacific Conference of Home Economies is largely made up 
of Teachers of Home Economics in Los Angeles County. There are 
about one hundred and fifty members at the present time. 

The following is a brief outline of the meetings and work since 
June, 1917: ^ 

1917 

Course of ten lectures on Food Conservation — September and 
October— Saturday A. M. 

October 12 — Liberty Loan address. 

1918 

February 12 — Miss Charlotte Ebbets, Chairman "Home Eco- 
nomics," Women's Committee, State Council of Defense, outlined 
plans for Conservation work to be done by Home Economics people 
of State. 

March 9 — Food Conservation address. 

May 4 — Patriotic Meeting — Lieutenant Kimmel of the French 
Auxiliary told of experiences as ambulance driver in France. 

Mr. Chamberlain of the Los Angeles Normal, talked on Distribu- 
tion and Geographical location of Food Materials. 

Miss Edith Bryan explained plans formulated by which Home 
Economics people through their knowledge of Dietetics might enter 
Red Cross Canteen and Hospital Service. 

Miss Frost and INIiss Flagg explained the plan for classes to 
be formed in June at the Normal to further train teachers for 

194 



practical Food Demonstration "Work. This proved a most successful 
course of lessons. 

September — Reception to members who were to leave for War 
Work. 

Miss Marie Lindsay, the Recording Secretary, is now in France, 
serving with the Red Cross Canteen. 

Miss Gertrude Graham, the President, is Hospital Dietitian at 
Camp Kearney. 

Miss Ina Pitner is with the Y. M. C. A. Canteen in France. 

Miss Beatrice Kelly and Miss Ruth Dicky are both serving as 
Emergency State Home Demonstrators under the State Relations 
Service of tlie Department of Agriculture. 



PATRIOTIC MOTHERS OF SONS IN SERVICE 
Mrs. Ralph Criswell, President 

Organized January 17, 1918. 

Its aims are to come in personal touch with Sons of the Service 
and their mothers and families. To extend this Order into every 
State that our boys may at all times have the personal Mother in- 
fluence. To foster the spirit of Mother Love and Patriotism, and 
as Mothers do our bit for God and Home and Humanity. To found 
a home where those who need it may receive motherly care. 

This organization has assisted in every way possible in war work, 
in food conservation, in selling Liberty Bonds, and have recently 
organized a War Savings Society whose sales of War Stamps to 
June 28th amounted to $44^0. 

Besides its other work this Society has a knitting squad to turn 
out knitted garments for the boys at the front, and a Committee to 
assist in Red Cross and Allied Relief Work. 

There is also a Committee to assist "Mothers" in straightening 
out their allotments. 



STATE LEAGUE OF NURSING EDUCATION 

Mrs. Laura L. Mitchell, E. N., President 

Meetings have not been held as so many members were in active 
war service as nurses. 



UNITED DAUGHTERS OF THE CONFEDERACY 

Mrs. C. C. Clay, President 

The California Division of the United Daughters of the Con- 
federacy is active in every branch of war work. Three beds in the 
American Hospital in Neuilly, France, costing six hundred dollars, 
have been endowed. 

Eighteen French, fourteen Belgian, and two Armenian orphans 
are supported. 

One million eight hundred dollars of Liberty Bonds have been 
bought and sold. 

195 



To the Red Cross, by Chapters, $16,205.43 has been contributed, 
and to other war relief work, $4,098.85 has been given. 

War Savings Stamps to the amount of $1,100.00 were purchased. 

Eight thousand five hundred and forty-two Hospital garments, 
21,730 Surgical dressings, and 8,391 Knitted articles, have been made. 

Hundreds of books have been sent to the Army and Navy. 

Assistance has been given for soldiers' and sailors' entertain- 
ments in the Recreation Clubs. 

Hundreds of garments have been sent to the Belgian Relief. 

Assisted with Salvage Shops throughout the State, many of the 
members giving personal service. 

Sent fruit and delicacies to camps and served ice cream and 
fruits to troops on trains. Sent letters and clippings. 

All of the members have observed the Food Conservation laws. 
Many have worked out recipes for saving sugar and other things 
that had to be saved for the soldiers. One member sold a recipe for 
cookies that brought in $60.00 for the Red Cross. 

Many husbands, sons and brothers are at the front. 



WOMAN'S AUXILIARY OF THE FRATERNAL BROTHER- 
HOOD 

Mrs. H. V. Davis, President 

Food Conservation — Speakers and Committees have been ap- 
pointed for the various lodges and circular letters sent giving in- 
formation regarding conditions and requesting co-operation on the 
part of the members. Individuals also assisted very largely in cir- 
culating food pledges. 

Liberty Loan — The Supreme Lodge of the organization has made 
the following investments : 

Liberty Loan Bonds $155,000 

Treasury Certificates 104,000 

The Subordinate Lodges have also purchased for themselves 

bonds in the amount of 11,600 

During the Third Liberty Loan Drive the Society acted as a 

unit and subscriptions were secured from members in 

the amount of 26,400 

Fourth Liberty Loan Subscriptions 50,000 

Total $347,000 

War Savings Stamps — 

The Supreme Lodge $ 1 .000 

Subordinate Lodges 505 

Total $ 1,505 

War Savings Societies are also being organized among the local 
lodges. 

United War Work Campaign — 
Subscriptions $1,000 

196 



Child Welfare — -The Juvenile Department recently formed is 
planning for the care of a number of European children and is 
raising a fund for the same. 

Bed Cross — The Society does not work as an Auxiliary, but the 
Supreme Lodge has donated $1,000, and Subordinate Lodges, $3,000. 

A Salvage Department is also maintained at the Home Office, 
845 South Figueroa Street. Collections are turned over to the 
Red Cross Auxiliaries. A great deal of work was done in this line 
during the last Red Cross Drive. Figures are not available. 

Knitting — Knitting Clubs are also conducted by the women of 
the various Lodges who purchase the yarn through funds secured 
by entertainments. The garments so made are sent to the enlisted 
men of this Society. Exact figures cannot be given. 

Yuletide Boxes — The Supreme Lodge also sent large numbers of 
Thanksgiving and Yuletide boxes. 

Books — Over 3,000 books were collected for Soldiers and Sailors 
and transmitted through the Public Libraries. 

Soldiers' and Sailors' Insurance — Organizers working for this 
Society were required to interview the parents of each man likely 
to be called, informing them regarding the insurance provisions. 
Total number of Stars on Service Flag 853 

Total number of deaths in Service 17 

Patriotic Ritual work is conducted at the opening of each Lodge 
of the Society at each of its meetings. Public speakers on various 
war subjects are called frequently. Information regarding war sub- 
jects is transmitted through the monthly periodical of this organ- 
ization, and the most intensely patriotic spirit is manifested through 
all of its work. 



WOMEN'S CHRISTIAN TEMPERANCE UNION OF NORTH- 
ERN CALIFORNIA 

Mrs. Sara J. Dorr, President 

Report to July, 1918 
Beport of War Work — 

Navy Comfort Bags — Between 4000 and 5000. 

Soldier Comfort Bags — 500. 

Many-tailed Bandages— 1200. 

Entertainment provided for soldiers and sailors. 

Besides the above, much work has been done in connection with 
the Red Cross. Garments have been made for the French and 
Belgian children, and fruits and jelly given the inmates of the 
military hospitals. 

Food Conservation rules have been generally observed. 

Housing conditions in foreign quarters inspected, and a united 
effort made to Americanize the foreigners, teaching them English, 
and considerable relief work done. 

Liberty Bonds amounting to $1350 have been bought, also 
W. S. S. 

In Child Welfare Work, babies have been measured and ex- 
amined, clinics held, and numerous lectures given. 

197 



In lines of Patriotic Service, about $10,000 has been raised and 
appropriated. 

The Patriotic Service Committees in State, County, and Local 
Unions will be kept intact for work during the reconstruction period. 

A "Hospital Mother" will be placed at the Presidio and Camp 
Fremont Base Hospitals if satisfactory arrangements can be made. 

Attention is called to the opportunity aflPorded our Unions in 
social work by receptions and other social gatherings held in honor 
of the returning soldiers and sailors and their families. 

"We hope to devote much of our activity to securing the adoption 
of French Orphans. The goal of an orphan for every Local LTnion 
has been set. 

It is hoped that each Union will inquire into the conditions under 
which the women and girls of their communities are working and 
endeavor to see that they are properly safeguarded. It is also 
desirable that education should be continued along the life of "equal 
pay for equal work." 

Many organizations are planning largely along Americanization 
lines. But after all else is said and done, the admonition sent out 
by the National and emphasized by our own Superintendent that 
"Every white ribboner establish friendly relations with at least one 
foreign speaking family," if faithfully carried out, is the truest 
Americanization work possible. 

In addition to the great variety of books already in use, our 
State Headquarters has recently taken on a new line of booklets 
published by the Character Building Company. These will develop 
our work of Moral Education. 

At the coming session of the State Legislature our organization 
will be represented by the President and the Superintendent of 
Legislation. Special interest attaches to the ratification of the Na- 
tional Prohibition Amendment which will come up early in the 
session. Other measures M^hich will claim a share of attention will 
be the three bills supported by the Women's Legislative Council of 
which we are a part. These are "Community Property," "Indus- 
trial School for Women," and "Increase in the Appropriation for 
Elementary Schools." It has been voted to support a bill providing 
for a Psychopathic Hospital for San Francisco. We know that our 
Unions will co-operate in all these measures. 



WO]MEN'S CHRISTIAN TEMPERANCE UNION OF SOUTH- 
ERN CALIFORNIA 

Mrs. Stella B. Irvine, President 

When the call came from President Wilson for women and 
women's organizations to help win the war, it found the Women's 
Christian Temperance Union splendidly equipped to enter war 
service. Our department of work among Soldiers and Sailors, in 
operation for more than thirty years, was readily adapted to the 

198 



war needs and with the help of State, County, and Local War 
Service Committees, the work was speedily inaugurated and most 
successfully carried on by the Women's Christian Temperance Union 
of Southern California, through its six thousand members. 

Six of the departments of work of the W. C. T. U. were 
especially called to co-operate in war service and the State Super- 
intendments were placed sub-committees of the War Service Com- 
mittee, the officers of the W. C. T. U. serving as the members of 
the main Committee. 

War Service Bulletins were issued regularly. These Bulletins 
set forth the co-operative plans of the Woman's Committee of the 
State Council of Defense and were published each month in the 
"White Ribboner," the State official organ of the W. C. T. U. 

Food Conservation — Special literature in the interest of food 
conservation and the signing of the food pledge was prepared, pub- 
lished and given a wide circulation. The food pledge was also cir- 
culated and thousands of families reached. Demonstrations of food 
production, canning and preserving, and the interchange of war- 
time recipes were features of work given prominence in meetings, 
conventions and institutes. Copies of Mr. Hoover's Message were 
sent to each local W. C. T. U. in December, 1918, at the request 
of the State Food Administration. 

Health and Child Welfare — We have accentuated our depart- 
ments of Health and Child Welfare. Our work has been greatly 
stimulated by the Women's Committee through its corresponding de- 
partments. Better Baby programs. Baby Days, Baby Clinics, and 
the study of pre-natal culture have iDeen special plans of work. Sug- 
gestions made for the observance of Children's Year have been quite 
extensively followed. 

Women in Industry — The W. C. T. U. has co-operated with 
other organizations in safeguarding the industrial standards of 
women. We have emphasized the standards adopted by the Women's 
Committee which were essentially those for which the W. C. T. U. 
has stood for years. 

A series of patriotic socials and receptions have been given 
for the shop girls by the Young People's Branch. 

Moral Education — The W. C. T. U. has been influential in se- 
curing the appointment of police women and social service workers. 
Investigations have been made of the moral conditions surrounding 
our camps and steps have been taken to safeguard the morals of 
young girls, especially in the localities near the camps. Mothers' 
meetings have been held, helpful literature has been circulated, 
reaching many homes. 

The W. C. T. U. is co-operating with the Morals Efficiency As- 
sociation in caring for young girls who are first offenders. The 
funds are in hand with which to open a "Home Center" for girls 
where rehabilitation work can be accomplished and plans are being 
made for the "Home." 

A specialist in moral education, was employed to tour the State, 
speaking before clubs, church societies, schools, institutes and con- 
ventions. A second tour will be made in 1919. 

199 



Americanization — Each white ribboner has been requested to 
visit one family of foreign speaking people. Reading, sewing, and 
cooking classes, out of door public gatherings, patriotic programs, 
some in foreign languages, special addresses to voters, educational 
work along the lines of citizenship, patriotic neighborhood gather- 
ings, work with foreign speaking children and the securing of data 
in a superficial survey made under the State Immigration and 
Housing Commission, were lines of work conducted by the W. C. T. U. 

Home and Foreign Belief — The plans for this department in- 
cluded a visitation of families of soldiers and reporting any needs 
to the Eed Cross or supplying the need. Garments were made for 
the destitute children in Belgium, France and Italy, which were 
given to the various relief associations. French Orphans were 
adopted, hospital fans were provided, a large quantity of hospital 
supplies were made. 

Much work has been done for the Red Cross. Some local unions 
have Red Cross Auxiliaries; others have met regularly to work for 
the Red Cross. White ribboners have been most active in soliciting 
members for the Red Cross and in the financial drives. 

All the Unions have co-operated in the Liberty Loan drives. 
A partial report of the number of bonds and stamps bought by 
members is given in the summary. The Committee in Los Angeles 
reported the W. C. T. U. had bought the largest amount of bonds 
of any national organization. 

Legislation — Numerous and repeated memorials have gone from 
the State, County and local organizations to the President of the 
United States and to Members of Congress, asking for war-time 
prohibition, as a conservation measure, and for the protection of our 
soldiers and sailors from liquor and vice both at home and abroad. 
Signatures were secured for the great Woman's Petition which was 
sent to the President asking for war-time prohibition. 

Soldiers' Welfare — At the beginning of the war, a Comfort Bag 
Shop was opened in the State Headquarters. Comfort bags or "Kits" 
were made by the local unions and sent there to be filled and sent 
out. Bach bag contained the usual commodities and an evangelistic 
letter from the State officers, a "mother" letter, a Testament, three 
I)ledge cards, seventeen leaflets, and helps in reading the Bible. 

In addition to the hundreds of home boys to whom bags have 
been given, our bags have been sent to the boys in the encampments 
in twelve other States. 

A Soldiers' Correspondence Bureau was established. One 
thousand three hundred and sixty-two personal letters were sent to 
the boys at the front. 

Three thousand dollars of the war fund was appropriated for 
two "Home Centers." One "Home Center" for enlisted men has 
been opened in San Diego. 



200 



Summxi>ry 

2 Ambulances $ 4,575.95 

2 Stereomotorgraphs 1,000.00 

6 Field Kitchens 4,285.00 

4 Hospital Fans 130.00 

23 French Orphans 839.00 

2 Home Centers 3,434.22 

2 Victrolas, 2 easy chairs (Home Center) 267.55 

Liberty Bonds purchased (partial report) 40,850.00 

War Savings Stamps (partial report) 20,850.00 

12,190 Comfort Bags (made, filled and distributed) 20,356.00 

919 Sweaters (made and distributed) 3,011.00 

2,384 Pairs of Socks 3,576.00 

Other Knitted Garments 4,555.00 

30,723 Articles of Hospital Supplies 7,290.00 

75 Quilts and Comforts 105.00 

5,000 Allied Children's Garments 5,039.03 

137,006 Hours of Labor contributed to the Red Cross 

valued at 34,251.50 

14,299 Hours of Labor contributed to other organizations 3,574.75 
38,437 Miscellaneous Articles furnished to the Red Cross 

which are not priced 

Expended under Moral Education (co-operating with the 
Morals Efficiency Association and Military Welfare 

Com 1,200.72 

]\riscellaneous Cash Contributions to home and allied re- 
lief, war hospitals and Salvation Army 853.23 

Grand Total $160,043.95 

357,807 Pieces of literature distributed. 

17.524 Testaments, 12,609 papers and magazines. 

1,562 Special personal letters to soldiers. 

27,450 Letters to soldiers and sailors in comfort bags. 

50 Antomobile rides given to soldiers and sailors. 

377 Letters, telegrams and petitions sent to U. S. Government 
officials relative to prohibition zones and war-time prohibition. 

Fife and drum corps maintained by one Union loaned for Lib- 
erty Loan parades, etc. 



WOMEN'S LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL OF CALIFORNIA 

Mrs. a. E. Carter, President 

This organization is for Legislative work only, but two of the 
measures which it is presenting to the California Legislature at this 
session are emphasized particularly as a result of war conditions : 
The Industrial Home for Delinquent Women, and the measure to 
increase the Elementary School Funds, the first of which is en- 
dorsed by the Military Welfare League and the State Board of 
Health ; the necessity for the second has been particularly emphasized 
during the period of the war. 

201 



THE WOMAN'S RELIEF CORPS 

Mrs. Carrie L. Hoyt, President 

The Woman's Relief Corps has assisted in all the drives and 
activities since the declaration of war, and will now aid in the re- 
construction work. 

Food Conservation— The Woman's Relief Corps aided in the 
campaign for the signing of the Food Pledge cards; conserved along 
all lines, and urged a strict adherence to the rules and regulations 
of the Food Administration. 

Liberty Bonds — In all the Liberty Loan drives individual mem- 
bers and many of the Corps purchased bonds. Members of the 
Order assisted in selling and promoting the sale of the bonds. 

Bed Cross — Corps of the Department have co-operated with 
the Red Cross since the beginning of its activities. Practically all 
Corps members belong to the Red Cross. Members of the Corps 
have aided in all the Red Cross drives, and have assisted in the 
sewing and knitting. 

War Savings Stamps — Members of the Corps have purchased 
War Savings Stamps to the amount of $41,490.00, besides most of 
the Corps invested in same. Corps co-operated with the citizens' 
committees in drives in localities where Corps were located. 

Americanization — The Woman's Relief Corps was a pioneer in 
the Americanization — embodying it in the patriotic work of the 
Order, by teaching American ideals and history to the foreign ele- 
ment in the communities in which Corps are located for more than 
eight years. But it was a difficult task to interest the people gen- 
erally before the present war. Our Order has gone into the night 
schools of the communities and taught patriotism, love of country, 
love of Flag. Presented Flags to the foreign schools; also patriotic 
primers, eleographs of the origin and history of the "Stars and 
Stripes," books of patriotic selections, during the year over two 
thousand Flag salute leaflets were distributed to night and other 
schools, all national anniversaries and Flag Day have been observed 
by the Corps, 621 patriotic meetings have been held, two hundred 
Flags have been presented to schools, Sunday schools and public 
institutions. Besides the National Americanization Committee of 
the Woman's Relief Corps, there is an Americanization Committee 
in each Department, and these Committees are working along the 
lines mapped out by the Government. 

Councils of Defense — The Corps are co-operating with the Coun- 
cil of Defense. Now that the war is over a bigger task than ever 
confronts the women of America, and all our people — that of assisting 
in the re-construction work. 

The following is a conservative consolidated report of the war 
work of the Woman's Relief Corps of California: 

Number of corps members belonging to the Red Cross— 6657. 

Number of articles made by the corps for the Red Cross — 124,076. 

Number of articles made by individual members of the Red 
Cross— 168,725. 

202 



Amount of money expended by corps for Red Cross — $5,504.00. 
Num))er of corps purchasing Liberty Bonds — 54. 
Estimated value of Bonds purchased — $7,000.00. 
Estimated value of Bonds purchased by individual members — 
$211,452.00. 

Estimated amount invested in War Savings Stamps — $41,490.00. 



WAR WORK OF THE YOUNG WOMEN'S CHRISTIAN AS- 
SOCIATION 

Mrs. Lawrence Draper, President 

Organization — In Atigust, 1917, a branch of the National War 
Work Council of the Young Women's Christian Association was 
organized for work in the Pacific Coast field, consisting of Nevada, 
Arizona and California. This Committee was composed of women 
who had experience in Association leadership and of new members 
outstanding for their social vision. 

At each War Camp Center a local War Work Council was or- 
ganized to study the needs of women and girls and conduct work 
to meet those needs with a budget furnished from the National War 
funds. To each of these Centers a trained leader of girls who had 
the comnumity point of view in social work was assigned to survey 
and initiate suitable work. 

Hostess Hotises — Two cantonments in California at Menlo Park 
and Linda Vista were the first mobilization points of the draft and 
National Guard troops. At each of these it became necessary to 
provide a place for women relatives and visitors to meet their soldier 
men. 

The innumerable uses of the Hostess House would occupy too 
much space but its significance lies in the bringing to the soldier the 
ideals of home and to the visiting wife or mother the courage of 
home from which she sent him forth to fight. 

At the Naval Training Station in Balboa Park, San Diego, ex- 
ceptionally interesting Hostess House work was done. Here the 
Navy was located in the Exposition Grounds, which had for two 
years been a favorite park with the public and a resort of high 
school girls. The emergency hostess spent much time outside in 
the grounds and did definite protective work in forming standards 
for the contact of civilian visitors, especially younger girls and the 
sailors. 

At Centers where it was impossible to build on military reserva- 
tions the work characteristic of the Hostess House has been carried 
on in the adjoining town or city. This was true at Vallejo, where 
especially during the infiuenza epidemic the ministry to visiting 
women relatives was asked for by Mare Island Naval Station and 
was adequately performed. At Palo Alto, a most successful hos- 
pitality Center was sustained largely by volunteer service, includ- 
ii.g effective employment and room directory bureau. This same 
work was undertaken in a smaller degree for the Aviation Camps in 
the City Associations in Riverside and Sacramento. At San Fran- 

203 



eisco a central place was rented and a staff of hostesses established 
to serve as a metropolitan meeting place for soldiers and sailors from 
round the Bay, and their friends. The San Pedro Recreation Center 
maintains an information bureau for its adjacent forts and Naval 
Training Station. Practically every Y. W. C. A. in California gave 
help to women relatives of soldiers in the way of hospitality and 
travelers' aid. 

Foreign-speaking Hostesses — At both Camp Kearney and Camp 
Fremont a number of foreign-speaking troops were concentrated. 
Hostesses who could speak Spanish and Italian were assigned to 
these houses and did effective service in interpreting for the Base 
Hospital and the Red Cross Civilian Relief and making infinite 
varieties of adjustments for families and for soldiers who could not 
make themselves understood in English. 

Immigration Work — In Los Angeles, an International Institute, 
with an American Executive, and foreign women visitors, speaking 
eleven different languages had been in operation for three years. 
The War Work Council supplemented this piece of work by adding 
three foreign visitors to the staff and the Institute has rendered war 
service in such matters as persuading the Russian Molikans (con- 
scientious objectors) to register, by acting as interpreters for the 
income tax office and legal advisory boards, by serving in the for- 
eign sections during the influenza and by co-operation in Civilian 
Relief matters, as well as by the indirect but extremely necessary 
war service of education in American language and customs and 
unification of sentiment through foreign-speaking workers who are 
in the foreign districts every day for seven days a week. 

In Fresno, following the survey made by the State Immigra- 
tion Commission and after consultation with their workers, an Inter- 
national Institute was established in September, 1918, by the War 
Work Council with a Center in the middle of the so-called "Russian 
German Section," with workers speaking German, Japanese and 
Spanish. 

In San Francisco in the same month an International Institute 
was established with workers covering seventeen different languages. 
Both these Institutes helped in the same general ways noted for Los 
Angeles, and in San Francisco special service was rendered in the 
way of translating material for the Food Commission, and aiding 
the Red Cross nursing survey, particularly in its survey of foreign 
midwives. 

In January, 1919, another such Institute will be established in 
Oakland. 

Clnh and Recreation Work for Girls — To provide a constructive 
outlet for patriotism and safeguard the girls in their development, 
Club Centers were established at the following War Camp Com- 
munities: San Diego, San Pedro, Redwood City, Palo Alto, Vallejo 
and San Francisco, as well as extra workers added to the Associations 
at Riverside and Sacramento. Trained leaders of organized Girls' 
Work were placed in these towns and cities to attract the girls with 
a lively program of recreation and of definite patriotic service. 

204 



Hostess Clubs were organized to give group entertainments to sol- 
diers during their leisure hours and help in the program of the 
War Camp Community Service. 

Emergency Housing — At Vallejo an acute situation for women 
was produced by the influx of hundreds of shipyard workers with 
much delay by the Emergency Fleet Housing Corporation in pro- 
viding accommodations for them. At the same time, scores of new 
girls were enlisted as yeowomen and entered the civil service at 
Mare Island. The Girls' Center at Vallejo under the Y. W. C. A. 
War Work Council met the emergency with a room directory, kept 
up to date by hours of work in visiting and telephoning. Three 
emergency housing provisions were arranged for by renting two 
houses and a story of a large house. This took the most acute cases 
and prevented much profiteering. 

Tlie new War Center building at San Pedro has attractive 
single rooms, with a large sleeping deck, to accommodate the few 
extras who could never otherwise be provided for. In neither place 
was it the intention to look after a large number of girls, but merely 
to take the plus who constitute the emergency. 

Social Morality — The National War Work Council turned over 
to the Commission on Training Camp Activities its corps of lecturers 
on Social Standards in war-time, several of whom have been as- 
signed to California. 

Land Army — The Young Women's Christian Association co- 
operated with other agencies in supervising the recruiting and mobil- 
izing of the Woman's Land Army in this State. It carried on an 
experiment in recreation for seasonal women workers at Hemet, 
Riverside County. 

Work Among Colored Women — At the request of a large num- 
ber of colored girls in Los Angeles who organized a club and begged 
for a leader, a colored worker, trained at the National Headquarters 
of the Y. W. C. A., was assigned to them. Everything that was 
needed by other girls was provided for the colored women whose 
men were fighting so gallantly in France. 

In thirteen separate Centers the War Work Council of the 
Young Women's Christian Association held the second and tliird 
lines of defense in California during the last eighteen months of 
the war. It created constructive patriotism and firm character in 
the younger girls, brought comfort and steadiness to mothers and 
wives of men in the service and kept before the men the ideals of 
the American home. In all relations we tried to translate into terms 
of every-day service, the social standards of Christianity and thus 
to forward the coming of real Democracy. 



THE WOIMAN'S LAND ARMY 
This organization is represented in California by a Northern 
Division, covering the Counties North of the Tehachapi Mountains, 
and a Southern Division, covering the eight Southern Counties. 

The organization has signed up hundreds of women. These have 
been sent out in units of from ten to one hundred women of eighteen 
years, or older, who are in good physical condition, to work at pick- 
ing, sorting, cutting, wrapping, packing, drying and canning fruit; 

205 



truck gardening and light farming, dairying, ranch-cooking and 
handling of stock. A minimum wage scale of $2.00 a day has h'een 
established, with an eight-hour day as the standard, except in 
emergencies; overtime to be paid at the rate of one and one-quarter 
time over the regular rate, overtime not to exceed two hours per 
day. 

Local women are being enrolled in their own communities to 
form local units; these women to live at home, but to work in neigh- 
boring orchards and canneries, and so forth. 

Where units are sent into the country, each one is under the 
direction of a supervisor and living accommodations must be fur- 
nished and housing must conform to the requirements of the State 
Commission of Immigration and Housing. 

In twenty-one Northern Counties the local representative of the 
Woman's Land Army has been either the Chairman of "Women in 
Industry" or the County Chairman of the Women's Conmiittee. 

In the Southern Division some of the local representatives liave 
served in a like capacity. 



WOMEN'S WAR SERVICE ARMIES 

Mes. Frances T. Robson, Chairman 

(Developed under the Women's Committee, California State Council 

of Defense.) 

The Women's War Service Army, a development of precinct, 
block or school district organizations for house-to-house canvassing, 
has become an integral part of California's war contribution to the 
Women's Committee, Council of Defense. Its members have shown 
absolute devotion to the work, and have been veritable soldiers. It 
is the most democratic and representative grouping of women, as 
its basis of membership is residence in specific city blocks, or school 
districts (the latter, if in the country). Its meetings, necessarily 
arranged before each great undertaking, are, therefore, composed of 
women of all nationalities, and all strata of society, and we see 
the society woman and the factory woman fraternizing on a com- 
mon ground of interest. And each woman has "something definite" 
to do. 

The Counties which have done notable work through this 
medium so far, are Alameda, Kern, Kings, Los Angeles, Madera, 
Mendocino, Riverside, Sonoma, Stanislaus, San Benito, San Diego, 
San Francisco, San Mateo, Santa Barbara, Santa Clara, Ventura 
and Yuba. Others, among them Imperial, have precinct organiza- 
tions, not designated as the above, but working along the same lines. 
The co-operation of the Army has been eagerly sought by local com- 
mittees, for every phase of war work, and the greatest difficulty 
has been to restrict its activities to purely "Governmental and semi- 
Governmental" agencies. Its strength lies in the fact that it has 
been held intact, directly under the vote and supervision of the 
local Women's Committee, and its commanding officer is a member 
of the Committee Board. 

206 



The work of the Army has been house-to-house canvassing. Out 
of that have developed certain responsibilities. Cases of need, un- 
covered, have been reported, especially during the recent epidemic, 
and the officers have been made responsible to a degree, for the wel- 
fare of whole sections of a city. As a means of distribution of 
printed information, and general canvassing for funds, the Army has 
been most effective. It has stood ready for every emergency. It has 
also been of material assistance in the Loan drives. When the ship- 
builders needed housing, the Army canvassed with excellent results, 
and filled the order. When the distracted doctors called for nurses, 
to care for influenza victims, the Army signed up hundreds of women, 
having made the appeal directly by word of mouth; at the same time 
collecting hundreds of blankets, pillows, sheets, and pieces of old 
linen, for use in the improvised hospitals. When the Red Cross 
wanted to know how many families of enlisted men were in the 
community, the Army furnished the information. Likewise, it regis- 
tered all foreigners, with information as to their nationality, loyalty, 
number of members in the family, etc. When the "Children's Year 
Program" was to be carried out, the Army assisted by spreading 
the word among the mothers. One Army took a children's census to 
discover the number of children out of school. 

For Food propaganda the Army has been indispensable. In 
some cities, the registration of citizens has been made through this 
medium, and pledges have been distributed and signed, for loyal 
co-operation in all forms of War Work. One County has combined 
its War Service Army and Women's Land Army into one and the 
same organization, with obviously satisfactory results. 

Books for the camps and ships have been collected. In fact 
every activity which requires general interest and combined force of 
the community, has been handled efficiently through this medium. 
Likewise every emergency call has been brought before the people 
in a short time. The great advantage of the plan is the speed with 
which a whole city may be covered. The most intensive drives need 
take only two or three days, the first day to cover the district, and 
one or two days for follow-up work. Country communities report 
that they can cover their territory in twenty-four hours, even when 
there are long distances to be reached. The usefulness of this in- 
stitution can also be realized through the perfect and instant tele- 
phone chain system, which is the natural outgrowth of the organ- 
ization. Sometimes it is only necessary to make a telephone canvass. 
This greatly facilitates work. 

Those who have used this system of organization feel that none 
other can take its place. It is a question whether or not the devo- 
tion and enthusiasm necessary to make it a success will hold over, 
now that the war is ended. But it has been a wonderful institution 
for the emergency needs of the time. The Berkeley Unit, Council 
of Defense, realized the loss of time and energy required in re- 
organizing an army of canvassers for each drive, and so decided to 
make it a permanent organization, guaranteed to cover the city for 
emergency in a day if necessary. 

207 



THE PLAN OF ORGANIZATION 

War Sendee Army — ^Commanded by a Colonel. 

Colonel — Appointed by Chairman, "Women's Committee, local 
unit. The Colonel automatically becomes a member of the local 
board of the Women's Committee, and carries ont only such requests 
as the Board votes shall be carried out. These requests are limited 
to Federal and National Drives — Food Administration, Red Cross, 
Children's Year, etc. 

Organization of Army — The Colonel studies her district (City, 
Town or County) section. Divides it into sections, each delegated 
to a Major. (Basis, city block and precinct, or county school dis- 
trict.) Each Major covers a certain number of predicts in the City. 
Under her are the Captains of Precincts. Each Captain has control of 
a precinct. Under the Captain are the Lieutenants, each Lieutenant 
has charge of a block. Each Lieutenant may have a Sergeant to 
assist her. (In some places, these sergeants are Girl Scouts, or 
members of the Patriotic League.) 

Advantages of Plan — 

1. Equalization of work and education of canvassers, as well 
as of those canvassed. (Splendid opportunity for Americanization 
of foreigners. The foreign-born woman sometimes is a member of 
Army — and in any case she actually comes in contact with workers 
and even though she would not or could not read, for herself, she 
can usually talk with the canvasser. In foreign districts an inter- 
preter accomi)anies the Lieutenant, sometimes this interpreter is 
only a school child, but she, or he, can repeat the message.) 

2. Work done with least possible loss of time and energy. 
Quick and efficient. 

3. Helps to unify City or County, and to create the right war 
spirit. 

4'. Spreads Patriotism. 

5. Fine agency to democratize American women. 

Uses of War Service (Berkeley) 

1. Collected books for soldiers and sailors. Eighteen thousand 
books and ten tons of magazines collected, sorted, packed, marked 
and shipped in one day. 

2. Second Food Pledge Drive — 16,000 signatures. Accomplished 
in three days with thorough canvass. 

3. Red Cross Membership Drive, brought in over 8000 new 
members. 

4. Telephone Chain, through Army, Belgian Relief old clothes 
drive. Collected twice the apportionment for Berkeley. 

5. Survey: "Americanization" (superfiicial but useful), over 
5000 cards filled out with information about foreigners. The Amer- 
icanization Committee has filed them, and is making a residence map 
from that section. 

6. Survey of Home Service for Red Cross, giving enlisted men's 
families, 

208 



7. Red Cross drive for funds, more than twice "over the top," 
much to the surprise of men members of Red Cross Committee, who 
found themselves with nothing to do for the canvassing. 

8. Took message of "No Wheat Program" to every house in 
Berkelej^ in twenty-four hours. The Army in many places is used 
for everything: Liberty Loan, Thrift, etc. A badge or ribbon is 
generally used to identify the Army workers when on a canvass. 

9. Held numerous meetings which reached women from all 
parts of the City. 

10. Liberty Loan Drives. 

11. Second Red Cross membership drive, (15,000 Members.) 
].2. Influenza Epidemic — Canvassed the city in one day and re- 
ported three hundred volunteer nurses. Also collected much bed 
linen, pillows, etc., for University of California barracks. Also re- 
ported cases of want discovered during canvass. 



RESOLUTIONS 

Adopted by the Executive and Central Committees. 
Forwarded through proper channels, given publicity and sent 
to County Chairmen and Presidents of State Organizations. 

Smith-Lever Law 
July 28, 1917. 

"WHEREAS, The Smith-Lever Law was passed by Congress in 
order to aid in diffusing among the people of the United States, 
useful and practical information on subjects relating to agriculture 
and home economics and of giving instruction and practical demon- 
stration in agriculture and home economies to persons not attending 
or residing in agricultural colleges, and 

WHEREAS, An extraordinary emergency has arisen, making 
necessary an immediate and wide extension of such information and 
instruction to men, women and children. 

RESOLVED, The California Women's Committee of the Coun- 
cils of National and State Defense urges the employment in every 
County of the State of the following officials: 

fl) A farm advisor for farmers. 

(2) A farm demonstrator of home economics for women and 
girls. 

(3) A farm supervisor for boys and girls between the ages 
of ten and eighteen to teach and supervise home project work, such 
as the raising of stock and poultry and the growing of vegetables 
and grains on home farms; provided that where population is sparse, 
these officials may serve in more than one County. 

(Sent to Governor, Department of Agriculture of University of 
California, County Councils of Defense.) 

Employment Bureauf^ 
August 1, 1917. 

WHEREAS, One of the most difficult home problems arising 
from the conditions of war, is the collection and distribution of 
labor, and 

209 



WHP]REAS, The faith and confidence of employers, workers and 
the public at large can best be fostered through reliable Governmental 
agencies, such agencies being the Federal, State and City free em- 
ployment bureaus, 

THEREFORE, Be it resolved that the Women's Committee of 
the Councils of National and State Defense, and their co-workers, 
make a special educational campaign throughout the State in favor 
of said Bureaus, as well as urge Grovernmental authorities to do all 
in their power to equip and perfect the free employment bureaus 
for the highest efficient use in regulating and distributing labor, and 
to prevent reckless importation of labor to the detriment of in- 
habitants. 

(Presented to Los Angeles City Council.) 

Food Production — Farm Advisors, etc. 
Sept. 13, 1917. 

WHEREAS, The women of the country have been called upon 
by the Government to assist in the production and conservation of 
food, to the end that this great war for democracy may be won, and 

WHEREAS, The sum of one hundred and four thousand dol- 
lars has been set aside for California from the emergency appropria- 
tion made by Congress, to increase food production and conserva- 
tion, 

THEREFORE, Be it resolved, that the California Women's 
Committee of Councils of National and State Defense urges the 
following measures: 

1. If any portion of the seventy-eight thousand dollars planned 
to be expended for farm advisors be not so expended, that the 
amount remaining be given to demonstration work for women or 
to the education of boys and girls between the ages of ten and 
eighteen years, in agricultural clubs, or to both. 

2. The increase in salaries of high school women teachers in 
rural districts (of home economics) to the end that they may be 
of service throughout the year and may form and supervise clubs 
in home economics of high school and elementary girls in the same 
way that boys' clubs are formed and supervised by high school 
teachers of agriculture, at the present time. 

3. When assistant farm advisors are employed, that women as 
well as men be chosen for these positions. 

(Presented to Dean Hunt.) 

Dehydrated. Ver/etaMes 
Dec. 12, 1917. 

WHEREAS, Two factors are of supreme importance in increas- 
ing the food supply of our people and allies, viz: increased pro- 
duction and conservation of all processes concerned in distribution, 
such as labor, transportation and containers, and 

WHEREAS, The dehydrating of fruit and vegetables offers an 
inmiense economy in all of these, at the same time furnishing an 
excellent food product, and 

210 



WHEREAS, The British, French and German Governments are 
using enormous quantities of this product for their army and navy 
witli satisfactory results, and 

WHEREAS, The use of this process would ensure a market for 
unlimited production, thus encouraging the farmer and individual 
grower to develop our large percentage of unused land. 

THEREFORE, We, the Central Committee of the Women's 
Committee of the National and State Councils of Defense, earnestly 
request Governor Stephens and the State Council of Defense, to 
I)lace this matter before the Committee of Food Resources and 
Supplies and ask a report from the Department of Agriculture of 
the University of California at an early date with a plan for an 
extension of this through the State and the Nation, and with a 
view to supplying the Army and Navy with this form of food product, 
and 

We further urge that this matter be called to the attention of 
the California and Federal Food Administration, and the National 
Food Purchasing Committee. 

(Sent to the State Food Administration, Mr. Hoover, Federal 
Food Administration, Mr. V. S. Thorne, Chief of tlie Division of 
Co-ordination of Purchases of the Food Administration, and Gov. 
Wm. D. Stephens, Mr. A. H. Naftzger, Vice-Chairman of the State 
Council of Defense. Also given to the Press.) 

Sdvifng of Cotton 
December 14, 1917. 

WHEREAS, Conservation in all directions is necessary if the 
United States is to be able to meet the demands made upon all re- 
sources, due to the conditions of war, 

WHEREAS, Cotton is one of the articles used in making ex- 
plosives and nearly a bale is used every time a large gun is fired, 
there is already, according to Government reports, a half million 
fewer bales this year than last, 

WHEREAS, There will be an unusual drain on the cotton pro- 
duce of the Nation, 

THEREFORE, The California Women's Committee of the 
Councils of National and State Defense, calls to the attention of the 
State Council of Defense the waste of cotton which goes on in house- 
holds and in Hotels and Restaurants, State Institutions and all 
public places, by the mis-use of towels, table cloths and napkins. 
It is a common thing for janitors and porters to use good towels 
as scrubbing rags, or for polishing metal ornaments, and for cooks 
and waiters to use napkins and table covers to wipe greasy stoves 
and ranges, or dirty floors. This practically destroys the article 
used, as when it is sent to the laundry, the chemicals used to remove 
the grease and dirt ruin the fabric. With the call that comes daily 
from the Red Cross for more and more surgical dressings and 
bandages, it is a patriotic duty for every housewife, for every hotel 
and restaurant-keeper, to use precautions against the waste of^Tinen 
and cotton, in order that there may not be a shortage of this im- 
portant commodity, and 

211 



We further ask the State Council of Defense to issue a bulletin 
covering the subject, which shall be given wide publicity and which 
shall be sent to the California Hotel Men's Association and to the 
Association of Restaurants and Cafe Proprietors. 

(Sent to the California Hotel Men's Association, and the As- 
sociation of Restaurant and Cafe Proprietors, also to the Press.) 

A mericanization 
January 9, 1918. 

WHEREAS, The United States Bureau of Education as the 
arm of the Government dealing with all matters pertaining to public 
education,, has, in the interest of a proper American Education of 
the unassimilated and non-English speaking population of the United 
States projected a program designed to explain and extend the 
facilities of the public schools of this country to meet these needs, 
and 

WHEREAS, It has brought into co-operation for the promotion 
of this educational policy, agencies, and industrial institutions which 
are in contact with the problem of the foreign population or have 
patriotic interest in its solution, therefore be it 

RESOLVED, That the Women's Committee of the Councils of 
National and State Defense endorses the efforts of the United States 
Bureau of Education in behalf of the American Education of the 
foreign population of the United States, and request the co-operation 
of the State Councils Section, and Committees of Public Safety, in 
developing this educational policy. 

Junior Bed Crosts 
January 25, 1918. 

WHPjREAS, The Junior Red Cross is endorsed by the President 
of the United States as an organization in which every boy and girl 
pupil can find a chance to serve his country, and 

WHEREAS, This branch of the Red Cross is already showing 
its efficiency in increased interest on the part of the Schools, in 
general, patriotic enthusiasm, in thrift, in food production and con- 
servation, and in service, therefore be it 

RESOLVED, That the California Women's Committee of the 
Council of State and National Defense approves the organization of 
the Junior Red Cross and recommends it as a valuable addition to 
the War Service. 

Labor Conditions for Women 
January 25, 1918. 

WHEREAS, The world war in which the American Nation ii? 
now engaged, has rendered it necessary for women to uphold a 
large and increasingly important burden of industry and produc- 
tion, and 

WHEREAS, The experience of European countries has demon- 
strated a tendency to break down the protective standards and 
regulations for the benefit of the working women and children, to 
their great detriment, and to the detriment of augmented pro- 
duction, and 

212 



WHEREAS, The new and unusual demands placed upon women 
in industry make it imperative to have responsible control over 
the special problems of women in industry centralized in a definite 
body, therefore be it 

RESOLVED, That the California Women's Conmiittee of the 
National and State Councils of Defense, in meeting assembled, re- 
spectfully urges that the Secretary of Labor, Hon. Wm. B. Wilson, 
and the Advisory Board, create a Division of Women in Industry 
to have definite control over the training and placing of women, 
the maintaining of standard working conditions, the adjustment of 
disputes and the provision of adequate living conditions, and be it 
further 

RESOLVED, That a copy of this resolution be sent to the 
Secretary of Ijabor, Hon. Wm. B. Wilson, Miss Agnes Nestor of the 
Committee on Women in Industry of the Advisory Committee of 
the Council of National Defense. 

(Sent as above set forth.) 

Becognition of Red Cross Nurses 
February 5, 1918. 

WHEREAS, The nurses of the Red Cross are the highest type 
of trained womanhood, and 

WHEREAS, In the Army and Navy of our country the nurses 
are given no recognition and only by courtesy are they of higher 
rank than scrub-women, and 

WHEREAS, The rank of Lieutenant is granted the Nurses of 
France and England, therefore 

We, the California Women's Committee, Councils of National 
and State Defense, recommend that the Nurses of the Army, Navy 
and Red Cross be given an Army Rank, such as the War Depart- 
ment may feel that they deserve, and we also recommend 

That a report of this be sent to State Council of Defense and 
National Women's Committee. 

Infant Mortality 
April 29, 1918. 

WHEREAS, The women of the Nation are called upon to co- 
operate with the Children's Bureau in an effort to reduce during the 
Children's Year the unnecessary toll of mortality among infants, and 

WHP^REAS, No law of man can be right which condemns chil- 
dren at birth to become outcasts; laws which deny children name, 
social status and inheritance right being responsible not only for 
many of this unfortunate class, but for a large proportion of infant 
viortality ; and 

WHEREAS, A growing sense of social justice, and especially 
the advance of women to the status of citizens, with rights and 
responsibilities toward society, have, little by little, demanded a 
change in this disproportion between men's and women's responsi- 
bilities ; be it 

RESOLVED, That we as members of the California Women's 
Committee of the National and State Councils of Defense, and as 



2\3 



X 



individuals, do our utmost to eo-operate with the Secretary of War 
in his splendid efforts to conserve the health of the men, and be it 
further 

RESOLVED, That we feel deeply our own responsibility for 
not having afforded girls who have made serious mistakes the pro- 
tection of greater knowledge, clean recreation and high ideals; that 
we do all possible to encourage and help them to be good mothers, 
enabling their little ones to become strong, capable men and women 
in this time of the world's great need, and be it further 

RESOLVED, That w^e, the members of the California Women's 
Committee of the Councils of National and State Defense, stand 
for the single standard of morals, and that we study to alleviate 
the conditions of illegitimate children and work for the enforcement 
of present laws and future legislation to make the fathers equally 
responsible with the mothers to the end that self control may re- 
place crimes against the most helpless of all human beings, and full 
justice be done to every child born in our country. 

(Sent to Dr. Piexotto, Miss Julia Lathrop, the State and National 
Chairmen of the Girls' War Service of the Women's Committee, 
Council of Defense. 

Education 
April 30, 1918. 

WHEREAS, We believe that the School of Education of the 
University of California, particularly in this period of great 
changes in education, is rendering very great service to the school 
system of our State, and to the schools of the West. We commend 
the President and the Board of Regents for their foresight in estab- 
lishing this school. Because of the new problems in education we 
believe that special effort should be made to see that the School of 
Education is equipped to exercise leadership therein ; therefore 

We petition the University authorities to carefully investigate 
the adequacy of their support of this School of Education. We 
l)etition for such increasing support as may be necessary to furnish 
the adequate supply of professors, not only for the students already 
enrolled, but to furnish instructors and investigators in new fields 
of education. 

Status of Women 
May 14, 1918. 

RESOLVED, 1st: That on all Government Boards and Com- 
missions controlling the work of women, or affecting their interests, 
one or more adequately equipped women shall be associated with 
the central direction and administration in positions of authority and 
responsibility. 

2nd: That whenever great bodies of women are employed in 
war work, the conditions under which they work and live shall be 
under the immediate supervision and control of women officials with 
adequate authority. 

3rd: That in order to secure the highest efficiency at the 
present time, we respectfully urge that women be appointed to the 
following positions : 

. . 214 



a. Assistant Federal Food Administrator (attention is called 
to the fact that the British ]\Iinistry of Food has two women co- 
directors). 

b. Assistant Director of Honsing who shall deal with the 
housing of women workers. 

c. Assistant Secretary of the Department of Labor, who shall 
deal with all questions of the employment, work and livins: con- 
ditions of women in war industries and women on the land. 

d. ]\1 ember of the War Council of the American Red Cross and 
also Deputy Commissioner in the Red Cross work abroad. 

4th : That as we believe that the time has now come when 
especially trained women of proved executive ability should be ap- 
pointed to all Government positions carrying authority, we request 
that the organizations of women represented in this petition, acting 
through the undersigned or other representatives duly appointed by 
their respective organizations, be permitted in co-operation wnth the 
Women's Committee of the National Council of Defense, to make 
recommendations for the above and other positions. 

FITITHER RESOLVED: I. That the women physicians of 
the United States who are able and eager to serve their country be 
utilized for military service as soon as they are needed. 

II. That a Nurses' Corps of the Medical Department of the 
United States Army be established, to be known as the Army Nurses' 
Corps, which shall have Military Rank. 

III. That the restrictions be removed which now prevent the 
use at the front of women physicians, nurses and other highly trained 
women, whose fathers, sons or brothers are serving in the armed 
forces of the United States or in the Red Cross abroad. 

IV. That legislation be initiated in the States making pro- 
vision for the establishment of Women's Health Aid and Assistant 
Health Aid Corps, and that the training of the same be intensive 
Nurses' Training courses in designated hospitals of six months' 
duration, or in the case of assistants, of three months' duration. 

V. That if a new department of the executive branch of the 
(rovernment be created, to be known as the Department of Public 
Health, a woman shall be appointed as one of the assistant secre- 
taries, in order to utilize to the fullest extent the valuable service 
that can be rendered by women in connection with the health of 
the community. 

(Sent to Washington Women's Committee. National Council 
of Defense.) 

War Actwity Am-onci Womsn 
June 12. 1918. 

WHEREAS, The Women's Committee of the Council of National 
Defense appointed by the Council of National Defense to co- 
ordinate the war work of the women of America in order that the 
woman power of the Nation might be made available in the prosecu- 
tion of the war, and that women might have a place and a part in 
this great National undertaking, and 

WHEREAS, The women of America were not only willing but 
eager to render war service, and have responded loyally and effi- 

215 



ciently by organized and individual effort to every request and ap- 
peal of the Federal Government, and through the various branches 
the Women's Committee of the Council of National Defense have 
provided an efficient working machinery for the carrying on of all 
kinds of war work among women in every State in the United 
States, and 

WITEREAS, The experience of the other nations at war, and 
our own experience so far has shown that efficient accomplishment 
is dependent upon close co-ordination and co-operation, and that 
duplication and friction and misunderstanding result from lack of 
unity in purpose and effort, therefore be it 

RESOLVED, that we, the heads of the various divisions of the 
Women's Committee of the Council of National Defense, and the 
Department Chairmen of such Divisions, in conference assembled, at 
Washington, D. C, May 13th. 14th and 15th, 1918, urgently re- 
quest the Council of National Dense to direct its various committees 
to conduct all work among women through the channel which was 
provided by the Council of National Defense at the beginning of 
the war for this purpose, namely, the Women's Committee and its 
branches, and to recommend similar action to all other Governmental 
agencies conducting war work among w^omen of the country, and 
be it further 

RESOLVED, That a copy of this resolution be sent to the 
President of the United States, to the heads of the Departments of 
the Government in Washington, to the members of the Council of 
National Defense, and to the heads of all authorized Governmental 
agencies organized for war AA^ork. 

(Spnt as above outlined.) 

Resolutions Passed at OaMaoid Conference — Mills College 
September 13, 1918. 

1. BE IT RESOLVED, That the California Women's Com- 
mittee of the Councils of National and State Defense, pledges anew 
its allegiance to President Wilson and to the Government ; and 
be it further 

RESOLVED, that a copy of this Resolution be forwarded to 
President Wilson. 

2. BE IT RESOLVED, That we endorse the Resolution sent 
to us from the Executive Committee of the Congress of the Women 
of the Allies contributing to war work, meeting in Paris, France, 
and reading as follows: 

"The word must be to hold until the end, to remain united be- 
hind the armies and to alleviate the burdens of the soldiers and 
comfort them. The courage of the French women shows us the way 
we must follow to hasten the hour of victory." 

3. WHEREAS, The War Department, through the Surgeon- 
General, has requested women volunteers to enlist for training in 
Civilian and IMilitary Hospitals; and 

WHEREAS, The Women's Committee of the National Council 
of Defense has been asked to enroll twenty-five thousand young 
Avomen for this service; and 

216 



WHEREAS, No provision has been made for defraying the 
traveling expenses of these women, between their homes and the 
places to which they may be assigned, therefore be it 

RESOLVED, That a request be made through the Women's 
(.'ommittco to the War Department, that provision be made for pay- 
ing the traveling expenses and the expense of equipment, for these 
young women, as has been done in the case of soldiers, sailors, and 
others in military service. 

4. BE IT RESOLVED, That we urge that there be representa- 
tion of the State Board of Education on the Advisory War Cabinet 
of the State Council of Defense, and also that the County Superin- 
tendent and City Superintendent of Schools be appointed as mem- 
bers of each County Division of the State Council of Defense, and 
be it ^ 

FURTHER RESOLVED. That a copy of this Resolution be sent 
to the Director of the State Council of Defense. 

5. BE IT RESOLVED, That we urge upon the Board of 
Supervisors of each County the need of a County Welfare Commis- 
sion which plans to have the community share with the Supervisors 
the responsibility of distributing relief, and be it 

FURTHER RESOLVED, That a copy of this Resolution be 
sent to the Chairman of each Board of Supervisors in the State. 

6. BE IT RESOLVED, That we urge upon the Board of 
Supervisor? of each County to co-operate in protecting the health 
of their communities by assisting in carrying out the Children's 
Year Program, establishing Children's Health Centers, and providing 
Public Health Nurses, especially in rural communities, and be it 

FURTHER RESOLVED, that a copy of this Resolution be 
sent to the Chairman of each Board of Supervisors in the State. 

7. BE IT RESOLVED, That we urge upon each County Di- 
vision of the State Council of Defense the need of adequately 
financing the (Jounty Women's Committees, in consideration of the 
value of the War Work assigned to it by the State and Federal 
Governments; and be it 

FURTHER RESOLVED, That a copy of this Resolution be 
sent to the Chairman of each County Division of the State Council 
of Defense, and also to the Chairman of each Board of Supervisors, 
and to the Director of the State Council of Defense. 

8. BE IT RESOLVED, That we urge upon the County and 
Unit Committees of the Women's Committee the advisability of 
forming Women's War Service Armies, by precincts or school dis- 
tricts, or both; and be it 

FURTHER RESOLVP]D, That a copy of this Resolution be 
sent to the Chairman of each County Women's Committee, 

9. BE IT RESOLVED, That, we, the representatives of State, 
County and Unit Committees of the Women's Committee who are 
now organized for war work, urge the continuation of this form 
of organization for the work of reconstruction that peace will bring. 

217 



10. BE IT RESOLVED, That we extend to the newspapers 
tlironghout the State our appreciation of the assistance they have 
given the State, Countj^ and T^nit Women's Committees in their 
War Work; and that we extend to the press onr appreciation of 
the courtesy shown us by the full reports of this Conference in 
the columns of the different newspapers, especially about the Bay, 
and be it 

FURTHER RESOLVED, That a copy of this Resolution be 
sent to each County Chairman of the Women's Committee to dis- 
tribute to the newspapers in her County. 

11. WB I:1REAS, The Women's Committee appreciates the cour- 
tesy of President Reinhardt and the Trustees of Mills College, in 
extending an invitation to the Women's Committee to hold a Con- 
ference on the Campus of the College; and 

WHEREAS, Some of the Students have shown their patriotic 
interest in the work of the Women's Committee by returning early 
to College and rendering many services of the Committee, and 

WHEREAS, The women of the Motor Corps of Oakland have 
been of great service, and this co-operation has contributed largely 
to the suc(!ess of the Conference, therefore be it 

RISOLVP^D, That we extend to all above-mentioned our heart- 
felt appreciation and thanks, and 

THAT the Women's Committee takes this opportunity to express 
its pleasure in the fact that it w^as on the Campus of a Woman's 
College that the first State Conference of women war-workers was 
held, thus empliasJzing the close relation between war work and the 
necessity of training and education for girls to fit them to meet the 
problems that Aviil follow the war. 

Child Hijgiene 
September 14, 1018 

WHEREAS, The Women's Committee of the Council of National 
Defense, as part of the Children's Year program sent out from 
Washington, urged that Child Hygiene Bureaus be established in 
State Boards of Plealth as an ultimate and lasting product of the 
work of the ('hildren's Year Committee, and 

WHEREAS, Tlie work of this Committee is directed by the 
Federal Child Labor Bureau, and the Chairman in each State is 
named a Special Agent of the Bureau and is given the Postal Frank 
as a representative of a Department of the Federal Government; 
and 

WHEREAS, Five months' of active work have passed and your 
Board, with many other such Departments, has co-operated in the 
successes of the Children's Year Program, and a State-wide interest 
in Child Pfygiene problems has been created ; therefore be it 

RPJSOLVED. That we, the California Women's Committee of 
the Council of National and State Defense, request the California 
Slat(} Board of Health to present to the Women's Committee the 
plan in detail nnder which tlieir Child Hygiene Department is 
created, and also a definition of the scope of its work; and 

218 



That we further request the State Board of Health that any 
activity of the part of this new Bureau shall be clearly presented 
in writing and passed upon by the Children's Year Committee of 
the Women's (-ommittee of the Councils of Defense, before it is 
inaugurated in the State or in the Counties. 

Sent to State Board of Health. 

Telegram to Presidemt Wilston 

October 14, 1918. 

The California "Women's Committee of the National and State 
Councils of Defense believing a compromised peace equivalent to 
defeat, beg that your reply to the requests of the German and 
Austrian Governments for an Armistice, will demand absolute un- 
conditional surrender. 

(Signed) EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. 

By All Members. 
(Sent to President Wilson on October 8, 1918.) 

War Eish Insurance in Signal Corps 
November 12, 1918. 

It has been brought to the attention of the "Women's Committee 
of the State Council of Defense, that Senators Hoke Smith, John 
Sharp Williams and Reed Smoot, as Sub-Committee of the Senate 
Finance Committee, have refused to con^^ider allowing the women 
Avorking in the service of the Signal Corps to be eligible to the War 
Risk Insurance that is given to the soldiers; 

That the nature of the work done by the women of the Signal 
Corps is of an extremely hazardous kind and for that reason they 
cannot secure ordinary insurance ; 

As these women have been urged to enter into this kind of 
employment as a patriotic service, it seems only fair that they should 
be protected in case of accident or injury, just as are the men 
who are giving patriotic service to the country; be it therefore 

RESOLVED, That this Committee urges that action shall be 
taken which will render women of the Signal Corps service eligible 
to the War Risk Insurance, and be it 

FURTHER RESOLVED, That a copy of this resolution shall 
be sent to the above named Senators ; also to Representatives Rea- 
burn. Chairman of the House Interstate Commerce Sub-Committee, 
and also to the Honorable Newton D. Baker, Secretary of War. 

(Sent as above stated.) 

Name 
November 11, 1918. 

Since the Council of National Defense has organized a Field 
Division and has appointed thereto members from the State Councils 
Sections and from the Women's Committee of the National Council 
of Defense for the purpose of effecting a closer co-operation in 
National and State work between the various State Councils of De- 
fense, and the State Women's Committees, and since this Field 
Division will hereafter direct the department work formerly di- 

219 



rected by the Women's Committee and recommends that such de- 
partment work be carried on in the various States jointly by the 
State Council of Defense and the State Women's Committee; and 
since the California Women's Cominittee, from the time of, its 
organization has received co-operation and financial assistance from 
the California State Council of Defense, and lias been given 
representation on the Executive Committee of the State Council and 
on various County Divisions; therfore be it 

RESOLVED, That we, in order to express our appreciation and 
satisfaction in the recognition which has been accorded the Women's 
Committee in this State, and to comply with the request of the Field 
Division for the closest co-operation, hereafter shall be known as 
the Women's Committee of the State Council of Defense; and 

FURTHER BE IT RESOLVED, That the purpose of the 
Women's Committee be defined as follows: 

1st: To carry out instructions and requests of the National 
(rovernment either through our own organization or through co- 
operation with other Federal Agencies. 

2nd: To prosecute through various departments such work 
as shall be delegated to the Women's Committee by the Field 
Division. 

3rd: To co-operate with the State Council of Defense and its 
various activities and at its request to carry on such work as may 
be delegated to us by the State Council of Defense. 

Telegram Semt to Secretary Franklin K. Lame 
November 11, 1918. 

The Women's Committee of the State Council of Defense wishes 
to assure Secretary Lane that so long as the present emergency 
exists, we will go on with all lines of work which can in any way 
aid in the important activities involved in the peace processes or the 
problems of reconstruction. 

The Committee appreciates fully the great need that the fine 
machinery of co-operation created for war activities must be con- 
served for the inspiring opportunities of the great new day and 
offers its continued co-operation to this end. 



NATIONAL RECONSTRUCTION SUGGESTIONS 

Adopted by the Executive Committee January 6, 1919, and the 
Central Committee January 28, 1919. 

To the California Senators and Representatives in Congress: 

The burdens of war have fallen heavily upon women. They 
haA'^e not hesitated nor faltered, but have contributed loyally and 
enthusiastically and patriotically with their intelligence, their 
strength and their time in winning the war. Now, that the armistice 
is signed and the horrors are past, the women of the world are 
keenly alive to the fact that they have never been consulted about 
the making of wars, nor the formulating of the peace terms which 
mark the end of war. In this post-war period when many serious 

220 



problems of reconstruction face the Nations of the world, we wish 
to inform you of some of the things which we, as your constituents 
in California, believe in : 

1. A League of Nations, through the formation of which, we 

hope for justice and lasting peace for the world. The war 
just ended was waged for the end of all wars. This purpose 
can be accomplished only by the agreement of all Nations 
to certain general principles governing International relations. 

2. An International Court of Justice. We believe this is neees- 

sary. Just as the Supreme Court of the United States is 
necessary, in order that the individual States m.ay have a 
neutral place for the presentation of Inter-State difficulties, 
so the individual Nations of the world need an International 
Court where questions in dispute may be presented and dis- 
cussed before war is resorted to. 

3. Ftill recognition of the principles of self-determination and 

recognition of the rights of all people to full membership 
in any League of Nations. The cause of most wars has been 
the arbitrary division of small Nations; such, for instance, 
as the case of Alsace-Lorraine, which has been a pawn be- 
tween France and Germany. The same is true of the 
Balkan Nations, which, despite language and nationality, have 
been added to, or taken away from, different countries with- 
out the consent of the people. 

4. Government ownership of Munition Plants, with the elimination 

of private profit from the manufacture of munitions of war. 
With a League of Nations, there will probably be gradual 
disarmament, but whenever it is necessary to provide muni- 
tions of M^ar, we believe it should be entirely under the 
control of the Government. 

5. We believe that Government support should not be given to 

private investments in foreign lands. Disturbances in Mexico 
have been largely due to the conflicting interests of the 
capitalists of the various Nations who have striven for finan- 
cial ascendancy. People who have invested in Mexico did 
so knowing the turbulent nature of the country and it seems 
unfair that the whole Nation should be asked to be a part 
in their private risk. 

6. We believe in universal physical training for boys and girls, 

which shall not be limited to military training for High 
School boys . The many cases where men were rejected for 
military service because of physical defects show that before 
any military training can be effective, it must be based on 
physical training. Healthy girls and women are as essential 
to the Nation's strength as are well-developed boys and men. 

7. We believe in Federal prevention of Child Labor. Since the 

United States Supreme Court has declared the Child Labor 
Law unconstitutional, there is a measure before Congress to 
put a tax on goods manufactured for inter-state commerce 
by Child Labor. Whatever will free the children of this 
Nation from the burdens of work, give their jobs to adult 

221 



workers and restore to the children their birth-right of 
recreation and education, should be enacted by the Federal 
Government, 

8. We believe in a National Department of Health, for Disease 

Prevention ; rural hygiene, water supply and sewage dis- 
posal; infant and child hygiene and industrial hygiene, and 
milk and food control. The present Public Health service 
is only a Bureau in the Treasury Department. There should 
be a Secretary of Health with a seat in the President's 
Cabinet. 

9. We believe in a National Department of Education which 

would provide for immigrant education, education of illiter- 
ates, the improvement of public school education, especially 
in rural schools. Public Health Education and Recreation, 
and the preparation and supply of competent teachers; The 
present National Educational Service is in the Interior De- 
partment and is only a bureau. It should be a Department 
with a Secretary of Education who is part of the President's 
Cabinet. 
10. We believe there should be a change in the citizenship laws 
as affecting women. At present the woman takes the citizen- 
ship of her husband. She should be regarded as an in- 
dividual. It was a great hardship and humiliation to women 
who were American citizens, who, during the period of the 
war, were registered as alien enemies because they had mar- 
ried foreigners of countries at that time at war with the 
United States. A woman who marries a foreigner and is 
left a widow must make application to have her citizenship 
restored. We further believe that the requirements of citizen- 
ship should be made uniform throughout all the States of 
the Nation, 
n. We believe that as prohibition has become a national measure,, 
some attention should be given to replacing the saloon with 
a substitute that will furnish a center of recreation and 
amusement for the leisure time of those who have no social 
life which takes the place of the sociability of the saloon. 
12. We believe that Woman Suffrage should be granted by an 
amendment of the Federal Constitution thus giving to all 
the women of the Nation the rights and privileges of citizen- 
ship. 
We hope that you believe in these principles and we feel certain 
that you will give serious consideration to the subjects which will 
be brought to your attention as matters of readjustment and re- 
construction in these changing times. 



PROGRAM OF RECONSTRUCTION 

At the request of Governor Stephens, the Women's Committee 
prepared and had printed a Program of Reconstruction. 

This Program has been sent throughout the State and to 
various national organizations: also to the Women's Committees 
in other States. 

222 



The "Survey" of March ]st reviews this pamphlet and in con- 
elusion "recdniiuends this program to women's organizations as a 
basis for discussion." 

Requests have been received for copies from all parts of the 
United States and from Canada. 

The Women's C'ommittee. as an emergency organization built 
up during the war, has concluded its activities. Its constructive 
plans, or plans of like character, if the victory is to be complete, 
must be carried on. As loyal citizens of California we are unwilling 
that anything of good to our State should be lost by the change of 
war agencies to a peace basis. Can the work go on? With sixty 
per cent of the registered voters of the State women, we know it can 
if the women represented by the organizations which co-operated 
and formed the Women's Committee and the other women of the 
State interested in "Life, lil)erty and the pursuit of happiness," 
as a joyful reality, demand that the social welfare program of the 
Women's Committee initiated and carried on as war measures, shall 
continue as measures of reconstruction. 

The signing of the treaty of Peace will not mean that democracy 
is established, and all efforts for human betterment may be relaxed. 
The ideals of democracy have triumphed, the opportunity to make 
them a reality in our own beloved country is now our responsibility; 
in the measure that we respond to the problems of peace as we met 
those of war, can our patriotism be proven. 

Our joy in the cessation of war should quicken our devotion 
and sincerity to the causes W'hich make for real democracy in Cali- 
fornia for the betterment of all our people. It should keep us from 
ever falling back into the indifference and neglect of the time before 
the war. 

Reconstruction should mean better care for the children of 
the nation and of California. They will interpret America to the 
world in their future. Child welfare work, so well initiated and 
developed, must go on. 

Reconstruction means that every native-born citizen and every 
foreign-born resident shall have an opportunity to learn to read 
and write English and to know the spirit of America and of 
California. 

Reconstruction means that our boys who went over-seas to fight 
the battle of democracy must find California and America better for 
their sacrifices. 

Reconstruction means that health and recreation are as im- 
portant in peace as in war, and that the people must be capable, 
vigorous and happy in their daily lives. 

Reconstruction means that Capital and Labor must co-operate 
for the welfare of California and the Nation, in peace as they did 
during the war, and finally 

Reconstruction means that the way to maintain the ideals of 
Democracy and peace is still before us, and only as we dedicate 
ourselves with renewed energy to public service can we contribute 
to the progress of liberty in the world. 

GRACE C. SIMONS, Secretary. 

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LIBRftRY OF CONGRESS 

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